2.前位限定词

前位限定词与其他限定词的搭配关系列表如下:

提示：

在语法中大家认为前位限定词之间是相互排斥的即在一个名词词组中用了一个前位限定词之后，便不能再用另一个。因此，下面这道高考题是值得商榷的。

The husband gave his wife_______very month in order to please her．(2004年重庆卷)

A．all half his income B．his half all in come

C．half his all income D．all his half in come

此题中，all和half都是前位限定词，不可以一起使用。章振邦先生在《英语限定词》(上海译文出版社，1979年3月第1版)第51页说道: all可以用于作名词的分数词和half的前面:

—That two-thirds(half)of the canned beef is for you．

—All two-thirds(half)of it?I don't need that much．

据此，把上面高考题的A项改为all half of his income就是合适的表达了。，

下面我们详细解读这个表格。

(1)all和both的用法。

all和both可以用于定冠词the，指示限定词these，those，物主限定词和名词属格之前;all还可以置于this，基数词和such之前。

Not all the new companies can succeed．(人教大纲版高二下第4页)

并不是所有的公司都会取得成功。

提示：

all和both后面的the常可省略，在all所修饰的名词后面有定语时也是如此。

All visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued．(人教大纲版高一上第125页)

去了那里的所有游客都认为拯救这个寺庙是对的。

It is the story of all women who have lived through a war．(人教大纲版高二上第149页)

这是一本描写所有那些幸免于战争的女人们的书。

Both friends think that their friendship is fun and useful．(人教大纲版高一上第89页)

两个朋友都认为他们的友谊很有意思也很有益。

For miles both sides of the road were lined with dead animals and abandoned wagons．(人教大纲版高三第49页)

绵延好几英里，道路两旁都是成排的死去的牲口和被遗弃的车辆。

Where have you been all these years，Mathilde?

这些年你都到哪里去了，玛蒂尔德?

All three methods have their advantages and disadvantages．(人教大纲版高三第254页)

所有三种方法都有其优点和缺点。

The festival honours both the living and the dead．(人教大纲版高一下第13页)

这个节日(亡灵节)纪念生者和死者。

The salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point．(人教大纲版高二下第20页)

(然而)海水的盐度却影响了它的重量和冰点。

提示：

all和both都可以与of-结构连用，后面是名词时，of可有可无;后面是代词时，必须用of-结构。有了of-结构时，all和both是代词，而不是限定词:

all(of)the water，both(of)the workers

all of it，both of them

(2)half的用法。

half可以用于a/an，the，this，that，物主限定词和名词属格前。

A housemaid worked very long hours and only had half a day off each week．(人教大纲版高三第243页)

女佣工作时间很长，而且每周只有半天休息。

He was here half an hour ago．

他半小时前在这儿。

提示：

①half an hour=a half hour

②表示“……个半……”用“基数词+and a half+复数名词”:

Everybody knows that the air has weight and that it presses on everything on the surface of the earth，no less than fourteen and a half pounds to the square inch．(人教大纲版高二下第93页)

每个人都知道，空气是有重量的，在地球表面，空气对所有物体都有压力，不小于每平方英寸14.5磅。

③说“一个半……”时有两种表达方法:

A month and a half(=One and a half months) has passed．

一个半月过去了。

④不可以说half of a mile，half of an hour。

Dr．King grew up in a city where nearly half the population was black．(人教大纲版高二下第44页)

金博士就是在这座城市里成长起来的。在这儿，将近一半的人口是黑人。

I bought the book at half that/this price．

我用半价买下了这本书。

提示：

half可以与of-结构连用，后面是名词时，of可有可无;后面是代词时，必须用of-结构。有了of-结构时，half是代词，而不是限定词。

half(of)the work，half(of)his readers，half of them

(3)分数词的用法。

分数词可以用于a/an，the，this，that前，分数词还可以与of-结构连用，与of连用时，分数词不再是限定词，而是名词。

The savage fascist proved himself two-thirds a beast．

这个残忍的法西斯分子是个十足的人面兽心的家伙。

The work took him one-third(of)the time it took me．

他只花费了我所做这项工作的三分之一的时间就完成了。

If a person loses one third(of)his or her blood，he or she may die．(人教大纲版高二上第63页)

一个人失血如果超过身体血液总量的三分之一，就可能死亡。

One-third(of)that milk went sour．

三分之一的牛奶酸了。

(4)double和倍数词的用法。

double和倍数词可以与定冠词、指示限定词、物主限定词搭配，置于这些词之前。

Sellers in these areas asked for double the/these/those/their usual price or even more for exactly the same articles in times of ice rain．

在冻雨时节，这些地区的卖家对相同物件的要价会高出一倍甚至更多。

It's twice the size of Tiny Tim．(人教大纲版高三第62页)

那比小蒂姆还要大一倍呢。

The pole is twice that/this length．

这个竿子有两倍那么/这么长。

Take more than three times your money and let me tear up this Paper．(人教大纲版高二下第68页)

把3倍于你的借款拿去，让我把这张借条撕了。

提示：

①once，twice，three times(表示次数)等与a，every，each，per搭配，构成频度状语。此时的once，twice，three times等不再是限定词，而是副词。

They come here once/twice/three times a/every/each/per month．

他们每个月来这儿一次/两次/三次。

②表示倍数的词还可以作名词，注意下面句子twice(两次)与中位限定词的位置关系。

Since Lu Hao began his twice weekly visits，Mr．Zhao's health has improved．(人教大纲版高三第129页)

自从陆皓每周两次家访以来，赵先生的健康状况有所改进。