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高中英语语法新体验——从经典例句开始
1.3.2.1 1.中位限定词

1.中位限定词

兹将各中位限定词与其他限定词的搭配关系列表如下:

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续表

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下面我们详细解读这个表格。

(1)不定冠词a/an的用法。

不定冠词a/an可以与基数词,序数词,few,little,such,many等后位限定词搭配。

It is only a two hours' trip.

这只是两个小时的路程。

提示:

a/an与基数词搭配时,后面一般跟一个名词,一起用作定语修饰另一个名词;更多时候基数词与名词之间加上一个连字符。

He told me that I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei.(人教大纲版高一上第27页)

他告诉我,我可以参加乐山和峨眉山两日游。

An equal number of people learn English as a second language.(人教大纲版高一上第10页)

有同样多的人把英语当成第二语言来学习。

I have a few tickets.

我有几张票。

May I have a little food?

我可以吃点东西吗?

What makes the ocean such a great place to live?(人教大纲版高二下第19页)

究竟是什么东西使海洋成为如此优越的生活场所呢?

提示:

如上所述,此时的such不是后位限定词,而是前位限定词。

He has been to Beijing many a time.

他去过北京多次。

提示:

如上所述,此时的many不是后位限定词,而是前位限定词。“many+ a”结构一般为“many+复数名词”所代替。

He has been to Beijing many times.(译文同上)

(2)定冠词the的用法。

定冠词the可以与基数词,序数词,next,last,other,many,few,more,less,fewer,little等后位限定词搭配。

In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.(人教大纲版高一上第13页)

1828年,诺亚·韦伯斯特出版了第一部美国英语词典。

The next dish is the main course.(人教大纲版高一上第38页)

下面的一道是主菜。

There was another car coming in the other direction.(人教大纲版高一下第55页)

对面来了另一辆车。

Visitors can learn about the art,history and culture of the country in the many museums of the city.(人教大纲版高二下第113页)

在这个城市众多的博物馆中,游客们可以了解到这个国家的艺术、历史和文化。

The few surviving human beings are being used in the way that we use machines today.(人教大纲版高一上第62页)

幸存的少量人类被当作工具用,就像我们现在使用机器一样。

Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events.(人教大纲版高一上第53页)

其中不同寻常的项目有马术、链球和射击。

(3)指示限定词this和that的用法。

指示限定词this和that可以与基数词,序数词,next,last,other,few,several等后位限定词搭配。

In this third area,it is also possible to see animals play and perform.(人教大纲版高一下第129页)

在第三区,还有可能看到动物嬉戏和表演。

That third/other brother of his is such a nuisance.

他的三哥/另一个哥哥很让人生厌。

(4)指示限定词these和those的用法。

指示限定词these和those可以与除one以外的基数词以及few,other等后位限定词搭配。

Those two old friends ran quickly to the town.(人教大纲版高一下第117页)

那两个老朋友急匆匆地赶到集市上。

Sometimes these two plates stop and do not move for years.(人教大纲版高一上第106页)

有时这两个板块停下来,好多年也不移动。

These few books will be sent to the library.

这几本书要送到图书馆去。

Those other art collections are not open to the public.(人教大纲版高二上第99页)

其他艺术收藏不对公众开放。

(5)物主限定词和名词属格的用法。

物主限定词和名词属格可以与基数词,序数词,next,last,other,以及many,few,little等后位限定词搭配,也可与中位限定词every搭配。

A fight between their two families makes it impossible for Romeo and Juliet to get married.(人教大纲版高二下第142页)

他们两家之间的分歧使得罗密欧和朱丽叶不可能成婚。

Rio de Janeiro,Brazil's second largest city,stretches itself lazily along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.(人教大纲版高二下第35页)

里约热内卢是巴西的第二大城市,坐落于大西洋海岸边。

His next expedition was the great voyage with James Cook to Oceania.(人教大纲版高三第30页)

他的第二次远征就是同詹姆斯·库克一起去大洋洲的那次重要航行。

In his last season with the Shanghai Sharks,Chinese superstar basketball player Yao Ming scored 32.4 points per game.(人教大纲版高一上第55页)

在为上海鲨鱼队服务的最后一个赛季中,中国篮球超级明星姚明每场得分32.4分。

All your other hopes and dreams have flown into one single ambition.(人教大纲版高三第61页)

你其他的一切希望和梦想都变成了一个野心。

Kitzbuhel is well known for its many ski schools.(人教大纲版高二下第36页)

基茨比厄尔因为有许多的滑雪学校而享有盛名。

His few friends speak highly of him.

他的那几个朋友对他评价很高。

提示:

可以说his few friends但不可以说his a few friends,因为his和a都是中位限定词,互相排斥。且在his few friends中的few具有肯定意思(参见后位限定词few的搭配)。

His/The boy's every action shows that he is a very determined young man.

他的/这个男孩的每个行动都显示了他是一个坚决的年轻人。

提示:

His/The boy's every action shows that he is a very determined young man不及All his/the boy's actions show that he is a very determined young man常见。

(6)some,any,no的用法。

some,any,no可以与基数词,序数词,other,more,such搭配,any和no还可以与后位限定词less搭配。

①some,any,no与基数词搭配。

Will you send a couple of students in your class to help?Any two students will do.

你能派你班的几个学生帮忙吗?任意两个学生都行。

No two leaves are alike.

没有两片树叶是一样的。

提示:

some three weeks,some few miles等结构中的some不是限定词,而是副词,“大约”的意思。

It is some 3,500 kilometres from Polynesia to New Zealand.(人教大纲版高一下第38页)

从波利尼西亚群岛到新西兰大约有3 500公里的距离。

②some,any,no与序数词搭配。

Give me some first names/any first name of the English people you know.

请你给出一些/任何你所知道的英国人的名字。

No second hand cars are on sale now.

现在没有二手车销售。

提示:

first name,second hand实际上是一个整体。

③some,any,no与other搭配。

There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries.(95人教版高三第50页)

中国以及其他一些亚洲国家也有体操表演的记载。

More than any other form of literature,poetry plays with sounds,words and grammar.(人教大纲版高二上第27页)

诗歌胜过任何其他的文学形式,它灵活地运用了声音、词语和语法。

I have no other relatives.(95人教版高二下第14页)

我没有其他亲人。

④some,any,no与more搭配。

Here are some more reading tips.(人教大纲版高三第206页)

下面再给一些阅读时的建议。

How about somemore beef?(95人教版高一第29页)

再来一点牛肉吗?

I don't like any more food.I am full.

我不想再吃什么了。我饱了。

I decided to make him throw up so that there would be no more poison in his body.

我决定让他吐掉以便他的体内不再有毒物。

⑤some,any,no与such搭配。

Wordsworth and Keats wrote some such poems.(人教大纲版高二上第105页)

华兹华斯和济慈写过一些这样的诗。

Technical advice should be sought before any such plan is adopted.

寻求到了专业忠告后我们才能采纳这个计划。

There is no such thing as a bad time to go to Vietnam.(人教大纲版高二下第114页)

没有什么时候去越南是不合适的。

⑥any,no与less搭配。

I don't mean you could do it in any less time.

我并不是说你可以在更短的时间内做好。

The machine will entail no less operational cost on us in the long run.

从长远看,这个机器会让我们付出更大的操作成本。

(7)every的用法。

every可以与基数词(one除外),序数词(first除外),last,other,few,such等后位限定词搭配。

I went to the balcony to get sunbathed every two hours.

我每隔两个小时就去阳台晒晒太阳。

I see my doctor every third day.

我每逢第三天(每隔两天)就去看医生。

A hero will fight to every last drop of blood.

是英雄就会战斗到流尽最后一滴血。

The postman came to our village every other day.

邮递员每隔一天来我们村一次。

提示:

“every other+单数可数名词”的搭配可能有两种意思。

He comes quite often,every other day,to be exact.

他常来,确切地说,每隔一天来一次。

He only comes on Mondays;he works every other day.

他只是星期一来;(一周的)其余每天都工作。

She visits her aunt every few weeks.

她每隔几个星期就去看看她姑姑。

Every such possibility must be considered.

每一个这样的可能性都要考虑到。

(8)each的用法。

each只与such搭配。

Each such student was given a prize.

每一个这样的学生都得了奖品。

(9)much可以与后位限定词more,less搭配。

Being able to read in English gives you much more choice.(人教大纲版高二上第28页)

能够直接读英语诗可以给你更多的选择余地。

They also need much less time to get ripe.(人教大纲版高一下第46页)

成熟所需时间大大缩短了。

(10)what的用法。

what可以与后位限定词other,few,little搭配;在感叹句中,what可以与中位限定词a/an搭配,置于其前,此时what是前位限定词。

What other book do you want?

你还要什么书?

I will lend you what few books I can spare.

我将把我用不着的为数不多的几本书借给你。

I gave him what little money I had.

我把我仅有的那一点钱给了他。

提示:

I will lend you what few books I can spare.=I will lend you what books I can spare.

I gave him what little money I had.=I gave him what money I had.

即what在名词性从句中作定语时,总是含有微量的意思。(参见名词性从句)

I told him what a bad driver I thought he was.(人教大纲版高一下第55页)

我告诉他,我认为他是个蹩脚的司机。

What an idea it is!

好主意!