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个人简历、申请信(也称附函或自荐信)和推荐信是求学或求职时必备的三种材料。

The resume， sent with the cover letter， elaborates on the qualifications mentioned in that letter and presents others that the employer is likely to find useful.Since it， like the letter， helps to sell you as a candidate， spare no effort to ensure that it’ s attractive，well-organized，and easy to read.Here are some tips:

●Capitalize the main headings to make them stand out on the page.

●To condense information，use phrases and clauses rather than complete sentences.

●List your most recent education and employment experience first and then work backward so the employer can quickly gauge what you’ ve done recently.

●Don’ t try to cram too much material onto a page.Ample white space is important.

Typically，information is grouped under the six headings below.If you are a recent graduate with little or no full-time work experience，list education before work experience.If you’ ve worked for a number of years，however，reverse the order.

●Heading.Include your address and phone number.

●Employment Objective.State your immediate work goal and the direction you hope your career will take.Avoid any impression that you will soon move on to another organization or try for the boss’job.If you can’ t specify your objective in a believable manner，leave it out.

●Education.List pertinent facts of your college education.Note any academic honors，such as a scholarship，a certificate of commendation.If you’ ve taken elective courses in your major or have minor in a closely related field，so indicate.

●Employment Experience.Highlight your full-time，part-time，volunteer，and summer work experience.If a job was seasonal，note this fact to avoid the impression that you were fired.Mention any promotions or raises you’ ve received and any supervisory experience you’ ve had.Don’ t mention any job duties unless they are similar to those of the job you’ re after.

●Professional Interest.Cite membership in professional organizations.In addition，note any special skills such as training in life saving，fluency in a foreign language，or familiarity with some specialized form of communication.

●References.List references only if you are answering an advertisement that asks for them.Otherwise，indicate that they will be furnished on request.Typical references include instructors，supervisors，and prominent community leaders who know you.Never use names of relatives or name anyone as a reference without first obtaining permission.For each reference，give the person’ s name，including a personal title，position，business address，and telephone number.

Example 1　A Sample of a Resume for College Graduates

A challenging position as a Software Engineer and the possibility of career advancement.

2006. 9－2010. 6 College of Automation，Graduate School of Tianjin University，M.E.

2002. 9－2006. 6 College of Automation，Beijing Institute of Technology，B.E.

Academic Main Courses

Advanced Mathematics，Probability and Statistics，Linear Algebra，Engineering Mathematics Numerical Algorithm，Operational Algorithm，Functional Analysis，Linear and Nonlinear Programming

Electronics and Computer:

Circuit Principal，Data Structures，Digital Electronics，Artificial Intelligence，Computer Local Area Network

2007. 3－2009. 9 Engineer Arteck Industries，Scranton，PA

Worked on product planning and prototyping.

Set up Linux web server running Apache，and wrote Perl code to run on the server.

2005. 2－2006. 9 Software Engineer Java Systems，Harrisburg，PA

Created web sites and documentation，using HTML，to manage various projects.

Wrote design document，test plan，and use documentation.

Skilled in use of MS Frontpage，Sun，Javabeans，HTML，CGI，JavaScript，Perl，Visual Interdev，CORBA，C，C + + ，Project 98，Office 2010，Rational Requisite Pro，Pascal，PL/I and SQL software

A good command of both spoken and written English.Passed CET-6，TOEFL:645，GRE:2326

Scholarships and Awards

2009. 3 Wang Kechang First-class Scholarship for Graduates

2008. 11 Metal Machining Practice Award

2005. 4 Academic Progress Award

General business knowledge relating to financial，healthcare.Have a passion for the Internet，and an abundance of common sense.

Will be furnished upon request.

Your cover letter is as significant as your resume is.While the resume is，in a sense，a fact sheet，the cover letter is your sales pitches to a specific company.In fact，your cover letter enables you to adapt your background to prospective employers’needs since you’ ll be writing an individual cover letter for each job application you send out.

In general，your cover letter allows you to expand upon and emphasize particular aspects of your resume—based upon the requirements of the particular position you’ re seeking.Therefore，consider what the specific organization needs and address your letter to those needs.

The purpose of cover letters is to interest prospective employers enough so they call to schedule an interview.To fulfill this purpose， you’ ll need to target each cover letter to a specific company and position，showing how your background and abilities fulfill particular company needs.Structure your letter so that each part achieves these particular goals:

●In the opening paragraph of your letter，clarify your purpose in writing and build the reader's interest.

●The body of your letter will need to persuade the reader that you have skills and abilities useful for the company.

●The closing of your letter should request an interview as well as a strong reminder of the benefit to the prospective employer of scheduling an interview.

The presentation of your cover letter is as important as the information.Because readers hope to get a sense of you as an individual，you should work to make your letter sound professional，confident，and concerned with the prospective employer’ s needs:

●Writing like a professional assumes that your letter contains no grammatical，spelling，or typographical errors.Job applicants are frequently “deselected”because of such mistakes:prospective employers want employees who write well; they also assume that if you make careless errors when applying for jobs，you'll make them on the job.

●Adapt a formal tone to promote yourself as a professional.

●Use technical terminology appropriate for the position you seek.Frequently，you can use the job listing or advertisement to determine the terminology that is appropriate.

●Try to downplay “I”and “me”and emphasize “you”instead.Make your accomplishments，skills，and background the subjects of your sentences， and emphasize what these can contribute to your reader’ s organization，as the following examples show.求职信要发挥最大的效果，语气必须肯定、自信、有创意而不过分夸张。

2.POOR:If you think I can fill the position after you have read my letter，I shall be glad to talk with you.

IMPROVED:If my application has convinced you of my ability to satisfy you，I should welcome the opportunity to talk with you，so that you may judge my personal qualifications further.

3.POOR:If you’ re interested，let me know immediately，as I’ m sure an interview will convince you I’ m the man for the job.

POOR:I am quite certain that an interview will substantiate my statements between two and four every afternoon except Tuesday.You can reach me by telephoning 8845256.

IMPROVED:May I have an interview? You can reach me by telephone at Taipei 8845256 between the hours of 7∶00－9∶00 a.m.and 5∶30－9∶30 p.m.any day.

4.POOR:I recently completed a course in filing at the Crosby School of Business.I am competent not only to install a filing system that will fulfill the needs of your organization，but I am also well qualified to operate it efficiently.

IMPROVED:I feel quite certain that as a result of the course in filing which I completed at the Crosby School of Business，I can install and operate efficiently a filing system for your organization.

●When you have finished writing，reread your letter to check for tone.Make sure that you sound confident rather than cocky or unsure of yourself.Also，as you read，try to imagine what sort of personality readers will see in your letter，and revise until your language matches the image you want to project.

Example 5A Sample of a Cover Letter for Teaching

I am writing to apply for a job teaching language arts at the secondary level in your excellent school district.I am particularly interested in a position that allows me to use my work on the student newspaper here at Rockville State University and on student newsletters for various organizations.I am also qualified to advise student organizations and extracurricular activities such as Knowledge Bowl，Honor Society，yearbook，creative publications，and student government.Even though I am getting my degree in Maryland，in fact I was born in Minnesota and desire to go back there to live.

As my resume shows，I have been very active on university publications.As Opinions editor at the University newspaper， the Chronicle， I used QuarkXpress to design layout of two pages of every edition，formulated editorial policy，wrote weekly editorials and essays，hired and supervised columnists and cartoonists，and scheduled and led weekly editorial board meetings.My resume also shows my work on literary magazines and in journalism contests as well as desktop publishing seminars for other students.

Other campus activities have been important to my life here，and I would like to support their importance in the school where I teach.In particular，the Knowledge Bowl has been important to me，both as a coach and judge.Other of my campus activities might be important to you as well:Voice of Teacher Education Students (VOTES)，the University Honors Program (President， 2008－2009; Recruitment Secretary， 2007－2008)，and Girls Into Women，a mentoring program for at-risk high-school girls.

I will have my Maryland certification in English，journalism，and speech by the end of summer school.I have written the State of Minnesota to determine the steps I must take to be certified in Minnesota as well.I am particularly proud of my G.P.A.at Rockville State:3. 78 on a four point scale.

The telephone number is (240)555－1234.I look forward to hearing from you.

●I am writing in response to your advertisement in Beijing Today of August 6...

●Your advertised position of sales manager interests me...

●The requirements outlined in your ad in...for a general manager assistant appear to mesh almost exactly with my own.

●I think I am the right person for the job you advertised，because...

●I would like to apply for the vacancy of...

●I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of...

●I have been in the business for the last ten years，and worked as the superintendent in the personnel department.

●I am 25，and have had two years’experience in my present post，which I am leaving to better myself.

●I am a good accountant and have a thorough knowledge of the English language.

●Being well acquainted with office work，I could make myself generally useful，should there be any opportunity.

●I have just left school，but have extensive knowledge of English.

●Thanks for considering my application and I am looking forward to your reply.

●Any favorable consideration of my application would be appreciated.

●Enclosed please find a resume，a photo and an autobiography.

●My reason for leaving my present employer is that I am desirous of getting broader experience in trading.

●My reason for leaving my present employment is simply because I see no chance of advancement.

Letters of Recommendation

If you are applying for a new job，keep your letter of recommendation ready.If some of your colleagues， subordinates or friends are applying for a job somewhere，you may be asked to write a letter of recommendation for him/her.

Here are some things to remember about what to write and how to structure a good letter of recommendation:

●In the first paragraph specify in what capacity you are writing this recommendation.

●In the second paragraph give detail description of the person/employee and evaluate his/her achievements and performances.Also describe individual strengths (and/or weaknesses).

●In the third and last paragraph，sum up what you have said in the second paragraph and make broad characterization of the person.Like whether the person is responsible in nature or not，is polite or not，enthusiastic or not.

Good letters of recommendation highlight with examples both the strengths and weakness of the candidate in light of a peer group.They are detailed.So when choosing someone to write a letter of recommendation，don’ t get wrapped up in title.You want someone who can really answer the questions.If they can’ t answer the questions，they aren’ t really helping you.You want someone who knows what you have done and what your potential is.good letters of recommendation are insightful in that they are one of the few components of an application that are submitted by an objective third party.They provide important insight into an applicant’ s professional abilities and characteristics.Finally，Good letters of recommendation are professional.Your recommenders may be anyone (current/former supervisor， former professors， etc.)who is able to comment on your personal qualities，career potential，and potential to succeed in the classroom.Recommenders should know you personally and be familiar with your work history，credentials，and career aspirations.

Example 6A Sample of a Letter of Recommendation

I take great pleasure in recommending Ren Ren，one of my favorite students，for admission into your distinguished graduate program.

Mr.Ren was admitted in 1986 at 14 years of age into the SPECIAL CLASS for the GIFTED YOUTHS，my university’ s unique program that caters to the intellectual needs of unusually talented Chinese youngsters.It was a rare privilege he earned with his nearly impeccable academic performance through the years of his elementary and secondary school.

He impressed me almost as he entered into my university，a major cradle of China’ s scientific and technological talents.At the time，members of the Gifted Class all had to spend half a month studying by themselves the principles of calculus and then took an exam so that we could evaluate their self-study capability.Mr.Ren scored the highest grade in that exam.He also exhibited a keenly whetted mind during class discussions.To my regret at the time，his English was not as good as his mathematics or physics.But I noticed he made a point of working especially hard in improving his English during his five undergraduate years with us.By now，he seems to be at least as proficient in English as most of his former classmates in the Gifted Class.

In my experience with Mr.Ren，I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence.I am sure that Mr.Ren will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in.So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application.I would greatly appreciate it if you decide to accept him as he wishes.

Reinforcement　知识复习

Clip a job listing from a newspaper.The job should be one you feel you are presently qualified for or that you would be qualified for in the future.Write a resume and a cover letter for the job.

Extension　知识拓展

有关中英文求职、求学简历及推荐信的网站:

http://www.resume-resource.com/letterofrecommendation.html

http://resume.guolairen.com/

http://resume8.edeng.cn/resume/moban.html

http://www.myresumeonline.org/resume-examples/

http://businessmajors.about.com/od/samplerecommendations/Sample_Recommendation_Letters_Sample_Letters_of_Recommendation.htm