导读
《皆大欢喜》(简称《皆》剧)一般推测的写作年代为1599~1600年,此剧通常与《无事生非》及《第十二夜》并列为莎士比亚的三大欢庆喜剧(festive comedy)。
本剧有若干常见的莎剧主题,例如:由宫廷城都进入原始森林(如《仲夏夜之梦》)、善恶对比的两兄弟(如《暴风雨》)、女扮男装(如《威尼斯商人》、《第十二夜》)等。本故事的来源有二,一是洛莒(Thomas Lodge)在1590年出版且大受欢迎的《罗瑟琳》(Rosalynde),二是中古时期著名的暴力剧《嘉米林的故事》(The Tale of Gamelyn)。前者描写田园生活中的浪漫爱情故事,后者描述弟弟如何向苛待他的兄长复仇。
五幕剧《皆大欢喜》是莎士比亚喜剧珍品之一,其中的一些角色如试金石、杰奎斯和罗瑟琳等成为莎剧人物画廊里不朽的艺术形象。
这出戏之所以吸引人,很大程度上是因为它表达了人们对理想世界的憧憬。剧情大致是这样:某一公国的最高统治者公爵有个弟弟叫弗莱德里克,他因为私心和权欲狠毒地发动政变,强占了哥哥的宝座。公爵被流放,有不少人跟随他来到亚登森林。公爵的女儿罗瑟琳与她的堂妹,弗莱德里克的女儿西莉娅自小要好,为了陪伴她,留在宫中。男主人公奥兰多父亲早死,由大哥奥列佛照顾。奥列佛心胸狭窄,觉得这个弟弟将来会妨碍他,故百般虐待,不给他钱,也不送他去受教育,整天把他关在家里像圈一头牛。奥列佛找个机会,怂恿奥兰多与宫廷拳师比武,期望他在打斗中毙命,他也就解脱了抚养之责。不想奥兰多勇力过人,在比武中得胜。不但如此,他因为天性善良,虽未受过什么正规教育,也自有高尚文雅的仪表。宫中两姐妹也出来观看比赛,罗瑟琳和奥兰多一见钟情。但立即被迫分开。弗莱德里克对罗瑟琳在宫中很感厌烦,觉得她好像公爵的影子一般,就找个借口将她流放。罗瑟琳只好去投奔在森林中生活的父亲。西莉娅因为舍不得和她分开,决定与她同去。为了路上安全,罗瑟琳女扮男装,改名嘉尼米,就这样,一路上也遇到不少困难。那一面,奥列佛见一计不成,更加痛恨奥兰多,准备用更狠毒的手段处置他。他家的老仆人偷偷报告了奥兰多,两人一起逃出,到森林中避难。在路上他们和两姐妹相遇。但因为罗瑟琳化了装,奥兰多没有认出她。罗瑟琳自然认出了他,而且见他思念自己的样子,就设计好好考验了他一番。他们在森林中游荡着。不久,奥兰多的哥哥也被流放,在森林中,遇上毒蛇和母狮,生命危急,正巧奥兰多赶来,他不计前嫌,救出哥哥,自己却受了伤,奥利佛深受感动也深自愧疚,后悔从前那样对待弟弟。他们的手足之情从此愈加深笃。奥利佛爱上了西莉娅。后来他们找到了公爵,得到允许,双双成婚。篡权者弗莱德里克对公爵越来越不放心,害怕公爵手下聚的人多起来会东山再起,遂决定亲率军队,去林中将他们剿灭。但在路上,遇上一位聪慧而又高尚的隐士,力劝他放下屠刀,皈依基督。他幡然悔悟,请回公爵。兄弟和好如初。
全剧的手法强调内容重于语言,语言重于情节,所以剧中并没有任何悬疑或明显的冲突,剧末,所有的恩怨情仇都奇迹似的被化解掉,最后结束流亡生涯,重返宫廷。
文艺复兴时期的英国偏向从“命”(nature)和“运”(fortune)的互动来诠释生命。《皆》剧中唯一令人感到紧张不安的,是恶劣运势使得正义难以伸张,好人受苦,坏人享乐。莎翁的戏剧视界通常呈现多元的主题和复杂的心理层面,人物性格通常好坏善恶兼杂,其所表现的戏剧张力,也有许多是源于内心欲望与外在命运的相互冲突。但本剧解决“命”与“运”之冲突的方法却令人哑然失笑:两个反派角色最后痛改前非,摇身一变成为好人。天性邪恶的人只因“运”巧逢善知识,从此悔过向善,因此没有受到惩罚。
特别是在莎剧里,本剧的独特点之一是亚登森林,让全剧充满浓厚的田园文学气息。亚登森林的名称可能源于莎翁故乡瓦维克(Warwick)附近的一个城镇,这也是他母亲(玛丽·亚登)的姓氏,也有可能是直接取用《罗瑟琳》中的地名阿登(Ardenne,这个法文就是英文的Arden)。在概念上,亚登森林则可能类似侠盗罗宾汉的雪梧森林(Sherwood Forest),也可能是圣经里的伊甸园,或是文学传统里的田野雅卡迪(Acardia)。
这些地点象征对理想世界的憧憬及向往。传统的田园文学作品都将原野描写为静谧祥和之地,是远离城镇宫廷的庇护所。这种文学传统始于希腊诗人希奥奎底斯(Theocrites)对乡野的讴歌,罗马诗人弗吉尔(Virgil)延续此风格,强调田园生活与都市生活的对比。到了文艺复兴时期,就演变为乡村与都市互相敌对的状态。不少与莎翁同期的作家也曾依循这项传统,其中较为著名的就是史宾塞(Edmund Spenser)和席德尼爵士(Sir Philip Sidney)。
在典型的田园文学作品中,常可见到主人翁从城都或宫廷中遭放逐的情节。这些被放逐的人在重返故城之前,都会经历一番闲适无争的田园生活,并爱上此一生活方式,而自视为牧羊人。作品中常出现歌唱和讨论,其中常见的讨论内容如:乡村与都市生活的优缺点;人类的艺术究竟是美化还是破坏了自然?高贵的天性是与生俱来或后天培养而成?这些辩论的核心在于自然与人为的关系,亦即人造的城市、制度、社会阶级等,是否优于简单纯朴的自然景致。
也因为盛行这种讨论,使得田园文学渐渐转向社会批评。莎翁在《皆》剧中则同时表现了对田园文学的认同与批评。虽然剧中人最后在亚登森林得到重生,但其原因并不只是靠大自然治愈心灵的力量,人类的善良和慷慨也占有很大的成分。因此,除了自然的陶冶,人类也需要文明的教化,爱情、宽容、幽默、智慧等需和大自然互相结合,才能臻于和谐。
奥兰多初出场时,是个天性高贵的纯朴青年,但因不晓人事而参加角力赛。另一个显示他人生阅历不足的地方,是他在林树上到处刻着书本上得来的十四行诗,这仅表现其纯情痴心,却不能代表他了解爱情。他必须等到罗瑟琳出现,才能迈向更成熟阶段。
罗瑟琳就像许多莎剧的女主角一样(如朱丽叶、《威尼斯商人》的鲍西娅、《终成眷属》的海丽娜),在心智与情感上都比情人成熟。罗瑟琳采取理智务实的态度,使奥兰多避免陷入佩托拉克式恋情的窠臼。这种恋情由14世纪的意大利诗人佩托拉克(Petrarch)所创,其主要特征是以夸大而不着边际的方式,歌颂诗人心目中完美的理想情人,而事实上却没有真正获得心上人的回应。
罗瑟琳是莎剧中最生动迷人的女主角之一。她是本剧中的第一女主角,却大都以男性装扮出现,就像鲍西娅与《第十二夜》的薇奥拉一样。她们之所以女扮男装,主要是借以避免危险、自我保护、追求爱情,或是取得社会中具有权力的性别地位。(但我们也不要忘记当时的女性角色一律由少年扮演,因此莎士比亚创造这些剧情,可说是因应社会风俗及演员特质的特殊安排。)在这几个女扮男装的例子中,罗瑟琳是最为复杂的一个。文艺复兴时期的女孩在家从父母,嫁出去之后从丈夫。但罗瑟琳因父亲被放逐,叔叔又把她赶出宫外,所以她没有男性监护人,凡事必须自立。另外,她虽女扮男装,但仍拥有“典型”的女性特质,例如对西莉娅坦承她爱上奥兰多,听到奥兰多受伤后就马上昏厥等等。
文艺复兴时期的剧场传统,更让这种雌雄莫辨呈现万花筒式的镜像关系。她原由少男所饰演,却必须在剧中化身为名叫嘉尼米的男性,尔后再还原为女性罗瑟琳,而观众还是不会忘记她原是由“他”所扮演。(文艺复兴时期受到希腊医学的影响,认为男女的性特征并没有很大的差异,因此主要是从服装及举止上来辨别男女。)
罗瑟琳化身成男性嘉尼米,凸显了性别转换和同性恋的议题。嘉尼米是希腊神话中同性恋的代表人物,在文艺复兴时期则象征年长男子的少年情人。或许有人会将嘉尼米与奥兰多的感情诠释为同性恋,而且田园文学中也早有歌颂同性恋的传统。史宾塞在《牧羊年历》(The Shepheardes Calendar)中就有类似的情节,而在1580年代的《深情牧羊人》(The Affectionate Shepherd)中,男主人翁更是大方地表白自己对年轻男子嘉尼米的爱意。
嘉尼米和奥兰多之间的情谊是否为同性恋,见仁见智。有些批评家认为,嘉尼米其实是提供奥兰多认识罗瑟琳的阶梯,让他先从嘉尼米身上获得同性友谊,待建立彼此信任的关系后,再进一步从罗瑟琳身上获得异性的爱情。就剧本的角度来看,也的确如此,但若以当时角色扮演的性别限制,还有莎士比亚选择了嘉尼米这个名字来看,恐怕就没有那么单纯了。
自18世纪起,评论家似乎都认为《皆大欢喜》的写作技巧并不好。英国作家琼森认为此剧的结局过于匆促,失去陈述道德教训的机会;爱尔兰剧作家萧伯纳半开玩笑地表示那不过是剽窃通俗故事里的剧情,所谓的《皆大欢喜》不过是“皆我(莎士比亚)喜欢”(as I like it)罢了;英国导演布鲁克(Peter Brook)看完此剧文本后,也向莎士比亚说“我不喜欢”(as I don’t like it);也有人认为此剧前后矛盾,而且许多问题到剧终时仍然没有获得解决。
本剧在莎士比亚死后一直到1740年才开始有演出纪录,之后逐渐成为莎剧的常备剧目。19世纪末,此剧移至户外公演后,更是经常呈现图画般的景象。到了20世纪,本剧因为同时呈现纯真与嘲讽、浪漫与写实,而同时吸引了喜好知识与梦想的观众。
ORLANDO
As I remember,Adam,it was upon this fashion bequeathed me by will but poor a thousand crowns,and,as thou sayest,charged my brother on his blessing,to breed me well: and there begins my sadness.My brother Jaques he keeps at school,and report speaks goldenly of his profit: for my part,he keeps me rustically at home,or,to speak more properly,stays me here at home unkept; for call you that keeping for a gentleman of my birth,that differs not from the stalling of an ox? His horses are bred better; for,besides that they are fair with their feeding,they are taught their manage,and to that end riders dearly hired: but I,his brother,gain nothing under him but growth,for the which his animals on his dunghills are as much bound to him as I.Besides this nothing that he so plentifully gives me,the something that nature gave me,his countenance seems to take from me: he lets me feed with his hinds,bars me the place of a brother,and,as much as in him lies,mines my gentility with my education.This is it,Adam,that grieves me; and the spirit of my father,which I think is within me,begins to mutiny against this servitude.I will no longer endure it,though yet I know no wise remedy how to avoid it.
奥兰多
当我记得遗嘱上留给我的只是区区一千块钱,而且正像你所说的,还要我大哥把我好生教养,否则他就不能得到我父亲的祝福:我的不幸就这样开始了。他把我的二哥贾奎斯送进学校,据说成绩很好;可是我呢,他却叫我像个村汉似的住在家里,或者再说得确切一点,把我当成牛马似的关在家里:你说像我这种身份的良家子弟,就可以像一条牛那样养着的吗?他的马匹也还比我养得好些;因为除了食料充足之外,还要对它们加以训练,因此用重金雇下了骑师;可是我,他的兄弟,却不曾在他手下得到一点好处,除了让我白白地傻长,这是我跟他那些粪堆上的畜生一样要感激他的。他除了给我大量的乌有之外,还要剥夺去我固有的一点点天分;他叫我和佃工在一起过活,不把我当兄弟看待,尽他一切力量用这种教育来摧毁我的高贵的素质。这是使我伤心的缘故,亚当;我觉得在我身体之内的我的父亲的精神已经因为受不住这种奴隶的生活而反抗起来了。我一定不能再忍受下去,虽然我还不曾想到怎样避免它的妥当的方法。
OLIVER
Charles,I thank thee for thy love to me,which thou shalt find I will most kindly requite.I had myself notice of my brother's purpose herein,and have by underhand means laboured to dissuade him from it,but he is resolute.I'll tell thee,Charles,it is the stubbornest young fellow of France; full of ambition,an envious emulator of every man's good parts,a secret and villanous contriver against me his natural brother: therefore use thy discretion.I had as lief thou didst break his neck as his finger.And thou wert best look to't; for if thou dost him any slight disgrace,or if he do not mightily grace himself on thee,he will practise against thee by poison,entrap thee by some treacherous device,and never leave thee till he hath ta'en thy life by some indirect means or other; for,I assure thee,'and almost with tears I speak it,'there is not one so young and so villanous this day living' I speak but brotherly of him; but should I anatomize him to thee as he is,I must blush and weep,and thou must look pale and wonder.
奥列佛
查尔斯,多谢你对我的好意,我一定会重重报答你的。我自己也已经注意到舍弟的意思,曾经用婉言劝阻过他;可是他执意不改。我告诉你,查尔斯,他是在全法国最不可理喻的一个兄弟,野心勃勃,一见人家有什么好处,心里总是不服,而且老是在阴谋设计陷害我,他的同胞的兄长。一切悉听你的尊意吧;我巴不得你把他的头颈和手指一起捩断了呢。你得留心一些;要是你略为削了他一点面子,或者他不能大大地削你的面子,他就会用毒药毒死你,用奸谋陷害你,非把你的性命用卑鄙的手段除掉了不肯甘休。不瞒你说,我一说起也忍不住要流泪,现在世界上没有比他更奸恶的年轻人了。因为他是我自己的兄弟,我不好怎样说他;假如我把他的真相完全告诉了你,那我一定要惭愧得痛哭流涕,你也要脸色发白,大吃一惊的。
ADAM
What! my young master? O my gentle master!
O my sweet master! O you memory
Of old Sir Rowland! why,what make you here?
Why are you virtuous? Why do people love you?
And wherefore are you gentle,strong,and valiant?
Why would you be so fond to overcome
The bony priser of the humorous duke?
Your praise is come too swiftly home before you.
Know you not,master,to some kind of men
Their graces serve them but as enemies?
No more do yours: your virtues,gentle master,
Are sanctified and holy traitors to you.
O,what a world is this,when what is comely
Envenoms him that bears it!
Orl.
Why,what's the matter?
ADAM
O unhappy youth!
Come not within these doors; within this roof
The enemy of all your graces lives.
Your brother,'no,no brother; yet the son,.
Yet not the son,I will not call him son
Of him I was about to call his father,.
Hath heard your praises,and this night he means
To burn the lodging where you use to lie,
And you within it: if he fail of that,
He will have other means to cut you off.
I overheard him and his practices.
This is no place; this house is but a butchery:
Abhor it,fear it,do not enter it.
亚当
啊!我的少爷吗?啊,我的善良的少爷!我的好少爷!啊,您叫人想起了老罗兰爵爷!唉,您为什么到这里来呢?您为什么这样好呢?为什么人家要爱您呢?为什么您是这样仁慈、这样健壮、这样勇敢呢?为什么您这么傻,要去把那乖僻的公爵手下那个大力士的拳师打败呢?您的声誉是来得太快了。您不知道吗,少爷,有些人常会因为他们太好了,反而害了自己?您也正是这样;您的好处,好少爷,就是陷害您自身的圣洁的叛徒,唉,这算是一个什么世界,怀德的人会因为他们的德行反遭毒手!
奥兰多
啊,怎么一回事?
亚当
唉,不幸的青年!不要走进这扇门来;在这屋子里潜伏着您一切美德的敌人呢。您的哥哥——不,不是哥哥,然而却是您父亲的儿子——不,他也不能称为他的儿子——他听见了人家称赞您的话,预备在今夜放火烧去您所住的屋子;要是这计划不成功,他还会想出别的法子来除掉您。他的阴谋给我偷听到了。这儿不是安身之处,这屋子不过是一所屠场,您要回避,您要警戒,别走进去。
JAQUES
A fool,a fool! I met a fool i' the forest,
A motley fool; a miserable world!
As I do live by food,I met a fool;
Who laid him down and bask'd him in the sun,
And rail'd on Lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms,and yet a motley fool.
'Good morrow,fool,' quoth I.'No,sir,' quoth he,
'Call me not fool till heaven hath sent me fortune.'
And then he drew a dial from his poke,
And,looking on it with lack-lustre eye,
Says very wisely,'It is ten o'clock;
Thus may we see,' quoth he,'how the world wags:
'Tis but an hour ago since it was nine,
And after one hour more 'twill be eleven;
And so,from hour to hour we ripe and ripe,
And then from hour to hour we rot and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale.' When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer,
That fools should be so deep-contemplative,
And I did laugh sans intermission
An hour by his dial.O noble fool! A worthy fool! Motley's the only wear.
Duke S.
What fool is this?
JAQUES
O worthy fool! One that hath been a courtier,
And says,if ladies be but young and fair,
They have the gift to know it; and in his brain,.
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage,'he hath strange places crammed'd
With observation,the which he vents
In mangled forms.O that I were a fool!
I am ambitious for a motley coat.
Duke S.
Thou shalt have one.
JAQUES
It is my only suit;
Provided that you weed your better judgments
Of all opinion that grows rank in them
That I am wise.I must have liberty
Withal,as large a charter as the wind,
To blow on whom I please; for so fools have:
And they that are most galled with my folly,
They most must laugh.And why,sir,must they so?
The 'why' is plain as way to parish church:
He that a fool doth very wisely hit
Doth very foolishly,although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob; if not,
The wise man's folly is anatomiz'd
Even by the squandering glances of the fool.
Invest me in my motley; give me leave
To speak my mind,and I will through and through
Cleanse the foul body of th' infected world,
If they will patiently receive my medicine.
杰奎斯
一个傻子,一个傻子!我在林中遇见一个傻子,一个身穿彩衣的傻子;唉,苦恼的世界!我确实遇见了一个傻子,正如我是靠着食物而活命一样确实;他躺着晒太阳,用头头是道的话辱骂着命运女神,然而他仍然不过是个身穿彩衣的傻子。“早安,傻子,”我说。“不,先生,”他说,“等到老天保佑我发了财,您再叫我傻子吧。”于是他从袋里掏出一只表来,用没有光彩的眼睛瞧着它,很聪明地说,“现在是十点钟了;我们可以从这里看出世界是怎样在变迁着:一小时之前还不过是九点钟,而再过一小时便是十一点钟了;照这样一小时一小时过去,我们越长越老,越老越不中用,这上面真是大有感慨可发。”我听了这个穿彩衣的傻子对时间发挥的这一段玄理,我的胸头就像公鸡一样叫起来了,纳罕着傻子居然会有这样深刻的思想;我笑了个不停,在他的表上整整笑去了一个小时。啊,高贵的傻子!可敬的傻子!彩衣是最好的装束。
公爵
这是个怎么样的傻子?
杰奎斯
啊,可敬的傻子!他曾经出入宫廷;他说凡是年轻貌美的小姐们,都是有自知之明的。他的头脑就像航海回来剩下的饼干那样干燥,其中的每一个角落却塞满了人生的经验,他都用杂乱的话儿随口说了出来。啊,我但愿我也是个傻子!我想要穿一件花花的外套。
公爵
你可以有一件。
杰奎斯
这是我唯一的要求;只要殿下明鉴,除掉一切成见,别把我当聪明人看待;同时要准许我有像风那样广大的自由,高兴吹着谁便吹着谁:傻子们是有这种权利的,那些最被我的傻话所挖苦的人也最应该笑。殿下,为什么他们必须这样呢?这理由正和到教区礼拜堂去的路一样清楚:被一个傻子用俏皮话讥刺了的人,即使刺痛了,假如不装出一副若无其事的样子来,那么就显出聪明人的傻气,可以被傻子不经意一箭就刺穿,未免太傻了。给我穿一件彩衣,准许我说我心里的话;我一定会痛痛快快地把这染病的世界的丑恶的身体清洗个干净,假如他们肯耐心接受我的药方。
JAQUES
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.
And then the whining school-boy,with his satchel,
And shining morning face,creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school.And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace,with a woful ballad
Made to his mistress' eyebrow.Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths,and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour,sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth.And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin'd,
With eyes severe,and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part.The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose well sav'd,a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble,pipes
And whistles in his sound.Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth,sans eyes,sans taste,sans everything.
杰奎斯
全世界是一个舞台,所有的男男女女不过是一些演员;他们都有下场的时候,也都有上场的时候。一个人的一生中扮演着好几个角色,他的表演可以分为七个时期。最初是婴孩,在保姆的怀中啼哭呕吐。然后是背着书包、满脸红光的学童,像蜗牛一样慢腾腾地拖着脚步,不情愿地呜咽着上学堂。然后是情人,像炉灶一样叹着气,写了一首悲哀的诗歌咏着他恋人的眉毛。然后是一个军人,满口发着古怪的誓,胡须长得像豹子一样,爱惜着名誉,动不动就要打架,在炮口上寻求着泡沫一样的荣名。然后是法官,胖胖圆圆的肚子塞满了阉鸡,凛然的眼光,整洁的胡须,满嘴都是格言和老生常谈;他这样扮了他的一个角色。第六个时期变成了精瘦的趿着拖鞋的龙钟老叟,鼻子上架着眼镜,腰边悬着钱袋;他那年轻时候节省下来的长袜子套在他皱瘪的小腿上显得宽大异常;他那朗朗的男子的口音又变成了孩子似的尖声,像是吹着风笛和哨子。终结着这段古怪的多事的历史的最后一场,是孩提时代的再现,全然的遗忘,没有牙齿,没有眼睛,没有口味,没有一切。
OLIVER
When last the young Orlando parted from you
He left a promise to return again
Within an hour; and,pacing through the forest,
Chewing the food of sweet and bitter fancy,
Lo,what befell! he threw his eye aside,
And mark what object did present itself:
Under an oak,whose boughs were moss'd with age,
And high top bald with dry antiquity,
A wretched ragged man,o'ergrown with hair,
Lay sleeping on his back: about his neck
A green and gilded snake had wreath'd itself,
Who with her head nimble in threats approach'd
The opening of his mouth; but suddenly,
Seeing Orlando,it unlink'd itself,
And with indented glides did slip away
Into a bush; under which bush's shade
A lioness,with udders all drawn dry,
Lay couching,head on ground,with catlike watch,
When that the sleeping man should stir; for 'tis
The royal disposition of that beast
To prey on nothing that doth seem as dead:
This seen,Orlando did approach the man,
And found it was his brother,his elder brother.
CELIA
O! I have heard him speak of that same brother;
And he did render him the most unnatural
That liv'd 'mongst men.
OLIVER
And well he might so do,
For well I know he was unnatural.
ROSALIND
But,to Orlando: did he leave him there,
Food to the suck'd and hungry lioness?
OLIVER
Twice did he turn his back and purpos'd so;
But kindness,nobler ever than revenge,
And nature,stronger than his just occasion,
Made him give battle to the lioness,
Who quickly fell before him: in which hurtling
From miserable slumber I awak'd.
CELIA
Are you his brother?
ROSALIND
Was it you he rescu'd?
CELIA
Was't you that did so oft contrive to kill him?
OLIVER
'Twas I; but 'tis not I.I do not shame
To tell you what I was,since my conversion
So sweetly tastes,being the thing I am.
ROSALIND
But,for the bloody napkin?
OLIVER
By and by.
When from the first to last,betwixt us two,
Tears our recountments had most kindly bath'd,
As how I came into that desert place:.
In brief,he led me to the gentle duke,
Who gave me fresh array and entertainment,
Committing me unto my brother's love;
Who led me instantly unto his cave,
There stripp'd himself; and here,upon his arm
The lioness had torn some flesh away,
Which all this while had bled; and now he fainted,
And cried,in fainting,upon Rosalind.
Brief,I recover'd him,bound up his wound;
And,after some small space,being strong at heart,
He sent me hither,stranger as I am,
To tell this story,that you might excuse
His broken promise; and to give this napkin,
Dy'd in his blood,unto the shepherd youth
That he in sport doth call his Rosalind.
奥列佛
年轻的奥兰多上次跟你们分别的时候,曾经答应过在一小时之内回来;他正在林中行走,品味着爱情的甜蜜和苦涩,瞧,什么事发生了!他把眼睛向旁边一望,你瞧,他看见了些什么东西:在一株满覆着苍苔的秃顶的老橡树之下,有一个不幸的衣衫褴褛须发蓬松的人仰面睡着;一条金绿的蛇缠在他的头上,正预备把它的头敏捷地伸进他的张开的嘴里去,可是突然看见了奥兰多,它便松了开来,蜿蜒地溜进林莽中去了;在那林荫下有一头乳房干瘪的母狮,头贴着地蹲伏着,像猫一样注视这睡着的人的动静,因为那畜生有一种高贵的素性,不会去侵犯瞧上去似乎已经死了的东西。奥兰多一见了这情形,便走到那人的面前,一看却是他的兄长,他的大哥。
西莉娅
啊!我听见他说起过那个哥哥;他说他是一个再忍心害理不过的。
奥列佛
他很可以那样说,因为我知道他确是忍心害理的。
罗瑟琳
但是我们说奥兰多吧;他把他丢下在那儿,让他给那饿狮吃了吗?
奥列佛
他两次转身想去;可是善心比复仇更高贵,天性克服了他的私怨,使他去和那母狮格斗,很快地那狮子便在他手下丧命了。我听见了搏击的声音,就从苦恼的瞌睡中醒过来了。
西莉娅
你就是他的哥哥吗?
罗瑟琳
他救的便是你吗?
西莉娅
老是设计谋害他的便是你吗?
奥列佛
那是从前的我,不是现在的我。我现在感到很幸福,已经变了个新的人了,因此我可以不惭愧地告诉你们我从前的为人。
罗瑟琳
可是那块血渍的手帕是怎样来的?
奥列佛
别性急。那时我们两人叙述着彼此的经历以及我到这荒野里来的原委;一面说一面自然流露的眼泪流个不住。简单地说,他把我领去见那善良的公爵,公爵赏给我新衣服穿,款待着我,吩咐我的弟弟照应我;于是他立刻带我到他的洞里去,脱下衣服来,一看臂上给母狮抓去了一块肉,血不停地流着,那时他便晕了过去,嘴里还念着罗瑟琳的名字。简单地说,我把他救醒转来,裹好了他的伤口;略过些时,他精神恢复了,便叫我这个陌生人到这儿来把这件事通知你们,请你们原谅他的失约。这一方手帕在他的血里浸过,他要我交给他戏称为罗瑟琳的那位青年牧人。
PHEBE
I would not be thy executioner:
I fly thee,for I would not injure thee.
Thou tell'st me there is murder in mine eye:
'Tis pretty,sure,and very probable,
That eyes,that are the frail.st and softest things,
Who shut their coward gates on atomies,
Should be call'd tyrants,butchers,murderers!
Now I do frown on thee with all my heart;
And,if mine eyes can wound,now let them kill thee;
Now counterfeit to swound; why now fall down;
Or,if thou canst not,O! for shame,for shame,
Lie not,to say mine eyes are murderers.
Now show the wound mine eye hath made in thee;
Scratch thee but with a pin,and there remains
Some scar of it; lean but upon a rush,
The cicatrice and capable impressure
Thy palm some moment keeps; but now mine eyes,
Which I have darted at thee,hurt thee not,
Nor,I am sure,there is no force in eyes
That can do hurt.
菲苾
我不愿做你的刽子手,我逃避你,因为我不愿伤害你。你对我说我的眼睛会杀人;这种话当然说得很好听,很动人;眼睛本来是最柔弱的东西,一见了些微尘就会胆小得关起门来,居然也会给人叫做暴君、屠夫和凶手!现在我使劲地抡起白眼瞧着你;假如我的眼睛能够伤人,那么让它们把你杀死了吧:现在你可以假装晕过去了啊;嘿,现在你可以倒下去了呀;假如你并不倒下去,哼!羞啊,羞啊,你可别再胡说,说我的眼睛是凶手了。现在你且把我的眼睛加在你身上的伤痕拿出来看。单单用一枚针儿划了一下,也会有一点疤痕;握着一根灯心草,你的手掌上也会有一刻儿留着痕迹;可是我的眼光现在向你投射,却不曾伤了你:我相信眼睛里是绝没有可以伤人的力量的。
ROSALIND
And why,I pray you? Who might be your mother,
That you insult,exult,and all at once,
Over the wretched? What though you have no beauty,—
As by my faith,I see no more in you
Than without candle may go dark to bed,—
Must you be therefore proud and pitiless?
Why,what means this? Why do you look on me?
I see no more in you than in the ordinary
Of nature's sale-work.Od's my little life!
I think she means to tangle my eyes too.
No,faith,proud mistress,hope not after it:
'Tis not your inky brows,your black silk hair,
Your bugle eyeballs,nor your cheek of cream,
That can entame my spirits to your worship.
You foolish shepherd,wherefore do you follow her,
Like foggy south puffing with wind and rain?
You are a thousand times a properer man
Than she a woman: 'tis such fools as you
That make the world full of ill-favour'd children:
'Tis not her glass,but you,that flatters her;
And out of you she sees herself more proper
Than any of her lineaments can show her.
But,mistress,know yourself: down on your knees,
And thank heaven,fasting,for a good man's love:
For I must tell you friendly in your ear,
Sell when you can; you are not for all markets.
Cry the man mercy; love him; take his offer:
Foul is most foul,being foul to be a scoffer.
So take her to thee,shepherd.Fare you well.
罗瑟琳
为什么呢,请问?谁是你的母亲,生下了你来,把这个不幸的人这般侮辱,如此欺凌?你生得不漂亮——老实说,我看你还是晚上不用点蜡烛就钻到被窝里去的好——难道就该这样骄傲而无情吗?——怎么,这是什么意思?你望着我做什么?我瞧你不过是一件天生的粗货罢了。他妈的!我想她要打算迷住我哩。不,老实说,骄傲的姑娘,你别做梦吧!凭着你的黑水一样的眉毛,你的乌丝一样的头发,你的黑玻璃球一样的眼睛,或是你的乳脂一样的脸庞,可不能叫我为你倾倒呀。——你这蠢牧人儿,干吗你要追随着她,像是挟着雾雨而俱来的南风?你是比她漂亮一千倍的男人;都是因为有了你们这种傻瓜,世上才有那许多难看的孩子。叫她得意的是你的恭维,不是她的镜子;听了你的话,她便觉得她自己比她本来的容貌美得多了。——可是,姑娘,你自己得放明白些;跪下来,斋戒谢天,赐给你这么好的一个爱人。我得向你耳边讲句体己的话,有买主的时候赶快卖去了吧;你不是到处都有销路的。求求这位大哥恕了你;爱他;接受他的好意。生得丑再要瞧人不起,那才是奇丑无比了。——好,牧人,你拿了她去。再见吧。
ROSALIND
It is not the fashion to see the lady the epilogue; but it is no more unhandsome than to see the lord the prologue.If it be true that good wine needs no bush,'tis true that a good play needs no epilogue; yet to good wine they do use good bushes,and good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues.What a case am I in then,that am neither a good epilogue,nor cannot insinuate with you in the behalf of a good play! I am not furnished like a beggar,therefore to beg will not become me: my way is,to conjure you; and I'll begin with the women.I charge you,O women! for the love you bear to men,to like as much of this play as please you: and I charge you,O men! for the love you bear to women,'as I perceive by your simpering none of you hate them,'that between you and the women,the play may please.If I were a woman I would kiss as many of you as had beards that pleased me,complexions that liked me,and breaths that I defied not; and,I am sure,as many as have good beards,or good faces,or sweet breaths,will,for my kind offer,when I make curtsy,bid me farewell.
罗瑟琳
叫娘儿们来念收场白,似乎不大合适;可是那也不见得比叫老爷子来念开场白更不成样子些。要是好酒无须招牌,那么好戏也不必有收场白;可是好酒要用好招牌,好戏倘再加上一段好收场白,岂不更好?那么我现在的情形是怎样的呢?既然不会念一段好收场白,又不能用一出好戏来讨好你们!我并不穿着得像个叫花子一样,因此我不能向你们求乞;我的唯一的法子是恳请。我要先向女人们恳请。女人们啊!为着你们对于男子的爱情,请你们尽量地喜欢这本戏。男人们啊!为着你们对于女子的爱情——瞧你们那副痴笑的神气,我就知道你们没有一个讨厌她们的——请你们学着女人们的样子,也来喜欢这本戏。假如我是一个女人,你们中间只要谁的胡子生得叫我满意,脸蛋长得讨我欢喜,而且气息也不叫我恶心,我都愿意给他一吻。为了我这种慷慨的奉献,我相信凡是生得一副好胡子、长得一张好脸蛋或是有一口好气息的诸君,当我屈膝致敬的时候,都会向我道别。