导读
莎士比亚在创作《麦克白》的十年前,曾经描写一系列反面人物的形象,像早期悲剧《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》中的黑奴艾伦,早期历史剧中的暴君理查德三世。他们无恶不作,一肚子怀主意,强烈的憎恨支配了他们的全部感情活动。他们几乎是仇恨的化身,是魔鬼的化身,令人不寒而栗。他们是变态心理的狂人,不能用常人的心态去理解他们。
《麦克白》是莎士比亚悲剧中最短的一个,以戏剧情节发展的快速而闻名,这与它所描写的题材有关。
1603年,莎士比亚所属的剧团正式成为英格兰国王詹姆士一世的国王御前剧团(King’s Men),剧中的团员莫不对国王充满感谢与敬意,并尽可能迎合国王的兴趣喜好以表达效忠之意,其中最明显的例子,就是莎士比亚于1606年写成时就备受争议的《麦克白》。
这个故事源自于何林塞(Raphael Holinshed)在1587年出版的《英格兰、苏格兰及爱尔兰编年史》(Chronicles of England,Scotland,and Ireland)。史实是麦克白和班柯连手杀害年轻羸弱的邓肯国王,之后麦克白风光荣耀地在位十年,但莎士比亚改编成麦克白夫妇谋杀邓肯国王,把詹姆士一世的祖先班柯排除于谋杀之外。
剧情是这样的:苏格兰大将麦克白与班柯平叛有功,胜利凯旋,在荒野上遇上三个奇形怪状的女巫,她们向麦克白欢呼,称他为考特爵士,又称他为国王。麦克白大惑不解。女巫又说同行的班柯虽本人当不了国王,但其子孙将会成为国王。他们正在路上的时候,国王邓肯派人来迎接。来人恭喜麦克白,说原考特爵士已因叛国罪被处死,国王已将爵位授予麦克白。女巫的预言竟部分地成了事实。那么另一部分——他将成为苏格兰国王——是否也会成真?这个念头开始在他心里生长。
他们回到朝廷,国王很高兴,盛赞麦克白功勋卓著,并说要到他家做客。麦克白即写一封信给妻子,要她好好准备,并且把自己近来遇到的这些怪事也告诉了她。麦克白夫人读信后,心生恶念,要谋杀邓肯。麦克白本人开始有些犹豫,但在夫人的再三鼓动下,于国王来家中作客当天晚上将他杀害,并且装作很生气的样子杀死了国王的两个侍卫,为的是归罪于他们。他就这样当上了苏格兰国王,因为认真地算起来,他和邓肯还有亲戚关系呢。他一步步走向罪恶的深渊。他想起那天女巫们预言说班柯的子孙将成为国王,又担心班柯因为那天与自己同行,会怀疑自己犯下弑君罪,于是狠了心,设宴邀班柯来,派人在路上将他杀死。但在宴会进行中,麦克白突然出现幻觉,看见班柯那血淋淋的鬼魂,大惊失色,对着鬼魂连声说不是自己杀了国王。当然,参加宴会的其他人并没有看见鬼魂,都觉得奇怪,又见班柯迟迟未来,又都怀疑他那番无来由的辩解。
麦克白气急败坏,不断杀人,听说苏格兰大将麦克德夫逃到英国,即命人杀死他的妻儿老小及全部仆从。麦克白夫人也好不了多少,她内心受着不安和疑虑的折磨,患了梦游症,并且一面走来走去,一面使劲揉搓自己的双手,想洗去那上面无形的血迹和沉重的罪恶,也是在这样的自言自语中,她泄露了他们夫妇弑君的秘密。麦克白众叛亲离,垂死挣扎。马尔康率军讨伐,交战中麦克白被杀。弑君篡位的暴君身败名裂。
这出戏描写一个野心家怎样从一个名声赫赫的功臣开始犯罪,最终成为伤天害理的暴君。像麦克白这样一个反面人物,尽管他罪大恶极,他的翻腾的心潮却是可以被理解的。莎士比亚好像拿着一把锋利的解剖刀,把他的内心一层一层地剖开在我们面前。原来反面人物跟我们一样,也有着复杂的思想感情在活动。这样,他就成为我们中间的一个了。他不是天生的坏人,更不是魔鬼的化身,他是从我们正常人的行列中掉了队,迷失方向,终于跌进了万丈深渊。这样,悲剧《麦克白》就是“人”的悲剧,成为以反面人物为主人公的性格悲剧,这在西欧戏剧史上有着特殊的意义。剧情的发展迅速指向结局,速度之快,实属罕见。与情节复杂、人物众多的《李尔王》相比,可以说是一出短剧。
剧中人物称那三个长了胡须的怪妇人为女巫,但剧中人物表上称他们为三女神(Weird Sisters,原来的拼法是weyrd或weyward,而后面那个字又与“任性刚愎”、“难以管束”的wayward同音)。weird一字在古英文里有“命运”之意,何林塞的《编年史》里就将三个诡异姊妹比喻为“命运女神”,主宰人类命运,但这三位命运女神并不是促使麦克白下手的主要因素。
伊丽莎白时期的人们认为,女巫是魔鬼的仆从,她们不会不请自来,而是受到潜意识或下意识的邪念所召唤而来,况且女巫也没有左右或强迫他人的能力,只能以幻化的未来影像来引诱他人做某些事。亦即,正因麦克白有造反念头在先,才会引发女巫来访。
在《麦克白》一剧中,语言常常模棱两可,具有双重含义,造成误导误解。这种语言既不能代表真实,但也非子虚乌有。女巫的话让麦克白兴致勃勃,直到事实发生后,才知不过是一场谎言空梦。然而一直到剧末,女巫都不像麦克白夫妇一样遭受惩罚报应。在莎士比亚时代,猎巫行动还时有所闻,但是此剧对女巫的后果完全没有交代,只是将他们短暂的悬置在观众的心中。
莎剧评论家卜瑞黎(A.C.Bradley)指出,《麦克白》剧让人联想到的,几乎都是夜晚或黑暗角落的场景。此剧表现的正是人类与黑暗交手之后的结果:邪恶战胜人性和文明。麦克白清楚是非道德,明白邪恶的诱惑,却仍择恶去善,象征出人性的堕落。但此剧绝非传统上劝人离恶向善的道德剧(morality play),因为它不以麦克白最终遭到报应为快,而是在于描绘邪恶面的心理效应。
麦克白心中早已蛰伏野心,问题的关键是这种野心如何被引发。莎士比亚极少将焦点集中在主要角色的罪恶上,但麦克白赤裸裸的人性,却能使观众了解、同情,甚至认同该角色。我们目睹麦克白一连串过程中的挣扎、梦魇、不安以及不可避免的一错再错。他知道邪恶的后果,但他又不能自拔。与其将麦克白的堕落归咎于命运,不如说是性格所造成的。相较于麦克白,麦克白夫人对罪恶就显得麻木不仁。她唆使麦克白犯下滔天罪行,为人冷静,思虑周密,当麦克白为幻象所苦时,她并没有被良心所折磨。
麦克白的性情和情绪,如威风、怀疑、恐惧、愤怒、绝望、决心和过度压抑等等,都是《麦克白》剧长久以来吸引无数观众及读者的重要原因。麦克白夫人则是莎翁悲剧中最具挑战性的女性角色,著名的女演员如席登丝(Sarah Siddons)、汤芮(Ellen Terry)、邓琪(Judi Dench)等都曾有过出色的诠释。
本剧在19世纪的演出多注重写实的场景,到了20世纪,舞台普遍倾向简单空白,表现出心理禁闭的张力。
与莎翁其他悲剧相较之下,《麦克白》的剧本篇幅简短很多,因此有人推测,在1606年首演至1623年莎士比亚全集第一对开本(the First Folio)首度问世之间,曾有人删改过剧本。虽然剧终有若干前后矛盾之处,但是并没有足够证据可以证明此剧的确经过删减,或经何人删减。而且就算真有删减一事,也无伤《麦克白》剧的精神。
另一方面,也有部分批评家认为此剧被添加了内容,这种说法则有较为令人信服的证据。本剧中有两景显得特别突兀,例如女巫之王黑可娣(Hecate)的出现唐突,景内的韵文和剧本其他各处不合,内容类似弥德顿(Thomas Middleton)的《巫婆》(The Witch)。因此,一般相信增写人就是弥德顿,兰姆改写的这个版本,就略去了黑可娣这个角色。
MACBETH
If it were done when 'tis done,
Then 'twere well
It were done quickly: if the assassination
Could trammel up the consequence,and catch
With his surcease success; that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here,upon this bank and shoal of time,
We'ld jump the life to come.
But in these cases
We still have judgment here; that we but teach
Bloody instructions,which,being taught,return
To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice
To our own lips.
He's here in double trust;
First,as I am his kinsman and his subject,
Strong both against the deed; then,as his host,
Who should against his murderer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself.
Besides,this Duncan
Hath borne his faculties so meek,hath been
So clear in his great office,that his virtues
Will plead like angels,trumpet-tongued,against
The deep damnation of his taking-off;
And pity,like a naked new-born babe,
Striding the blast,or heaven's cherubim,horsed
Upon the sightless couriers of the air,
Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye,
That tears shall drown the wind.
I have no spur
To prick the sides of my intent,but only
Vaulting ambition,which o'erleaps itself
And falls on the other.
麦克白
要是干了以后就完了,那么还是快一点干;要是凭着暗杀的手段,可以攫取美满的结果,又可以排除了一切后患;要是这一刀砍下去,就可以完成一切、终结一切、解决一切——在这人世上,仅仅在这人世上,在时间这大海的浅滩上;那么来生我也就顾不到了。可是在这种事情上,我们往往逃不过现世的裁判;我们树立下血的榜样,教会别人杀人,结果反而自己被人所杀;把毒药投入酒杯里的人,结果也会自己饮酖而死,这就是一丝不爽的报应。他到这儿来本有两重的信任:第一,我是他的亲戚,又是他的臣子,按照名分绝对不能干这样的事;第二,我是他的主人,应当保障他身体的安全,怎么可以自己持刀行刺?而且,这个邓肯秉性仁慈,处理国政,从来没有过失,要是把他杀死了,他的生前的美德,将要像天使一般发出喇叭一样清澈的声音,向世人昭告我的弑君重罪;“怜悯”像一个赤身裸体在狂风中飘游的婴儿,又像一个御气而行的天婴,将要把这可憎的行为揭露在每一个人的眼中,使眼泪淹没叹息。没有一种力量可以鞭策我实现自己的意图,可是我的跃跃欲试的野心,却不顾一切地驱着我去冒颠踬的危险。
Sergeant
Doubtful it stood;
As two spent swimmers,that do cling together
And choke their art.The merciless Macdonwald—
Worthy to be a rebel,for to that
The multiplying villanies of nature
Do swarm upon him—from the western isles
Of kerns and gallowglasses is supplied;
And fortune,on his damned quarrel smiling,
Show'd like a rebel's whore: but all's too weak:
For brave Macbeth—well he deserves that name—
Disdaining fortune,with his brandish'd steel,
Which smoked with bloody execution,
Like valour's minion carved out his passage
Till he faced the slave;
Which ne'er shook hands,nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps,
And fix'd his head upon our battlements.
军曹
双方还在胜负未决之中;正像两个精疲力竭的游泳者,彼此扭成一团,显不出他们的本领来。那残暴的麦克唐华德不愧为一个叛徒,因为无数奸恶的天性都丛集于他的一身;他已经征调了西方各岛上的轻重步兵,命运也像娼妓一样,有意向叛徒卖弄风情,助长他的罪恶的气焰。可是这一切都无能为力,因为英勇的麦克白——真称得上一声“英勇”——不以命运的喜怒为意,挥舞着他的血腥的宝剑,像个煞星似的一路砍杀过去,直到了那奴才的面前,也不打个躬,也不通一句话,就挺剑从他的肚脐上刺了进去,把他的胸膛划破,一直划到下巴上;他的头已经割下来挂在我们的城楼上了。
MACBETH
Is this a dagger which I see before me,
The handle toward my hand?
Come,let me clutch thee.
I have thee not,and yet
I see thee still.
Art thou not,fatal vision,sensible
To feeling as to sight? or art thou but
A dagger of the mind,a false creation,
Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?
I see thee yet,in form as palpable
As this which now I draw.
Thou marshall'st me the way that I was going;
And such an instrument I was to use.
Mine eyes are made the fools o' the other senses,
Or else worth all the rest; I see thee still,
And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood,
Which was not so before.
There's no such thing:
It is the bloody business which informs
Thus to mine eyes.
Now o'er the one halfworld
Nature seems dead,and wicked dreams abuse
The curtain'd sleep; witchcraft celebrates
Pale Hecate's offerings,and wither'd murder,
Alarum'd by his sentinel,the wolf,
Whose howl's his watch,thus with his stealthy pace.
With Tarquin's ravishing strides,towards his design
Moves like a ghost.
Thou sure and firm-set earth,
Hear not my steps,which way they walk,for fear
Thy very stones prate of my whereabout,
And take the present horror from the time,
Which now suits with it.
Whiles I threat,he lives:
Words to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives.
A bell rings
I go,and it is done; the bell invites me.
Hear it not,Duncan;
For it is a knell
That summons thee to heaven or to hell.
麦克白
在我面前摇晃着、它的柄对着我的手的,不是一把刀子吗?来,让我抓住你。我抓不到你,可是仍旧看见你。不祥的幻象,你只是一件可视不可触的东西吗?或者你不过是一把想象中的刀子,从狂热的脑筋里发出来的虚妄的意匠?我仍旧看见你,你的形状正像我现在拔出的这一把刀子一样明显。你指示着我所要去的方向,告诉我应当用什么利器。我的眼睛倘不是上了当,受其他知觉的嘲弄,就是兼领了一切感官的机能。我仍旧看见你;你的刃上和柄上还流着一滴一滴刚才所没有的血。没有这样的事;杀人的恶念使我看见这种异象。现在在半个世界上,一切生命仿佛已经死去,罪恶的梦景扰乱着平和的睡眠,作法的女巫在向惨白的赫卡忒献祭;形容枯瘦的杀人犯,听到了替他巡哨、报更的豺狼的嗥声,仿佛淫乱的塔昆蹑着脚步像一个鬼似的向他的目的地走去。坚固结实的大地啊,不要听见我的脚步声音是向什么地方去的,我怕路上的砖石会泄漏了我的行踪,把黑夜中一派阴森可怕的气氛破坏了。我正在这儿威胁他的生命,他却在那儿活得好好的;在紧张的行动中间,言语不过是一口冷气。(钟声)我去,就这么干;钟声在招引我。不要听它,邓肯,这是召唤你上天堂或者下地狱的丧钟。
MACBETH
Bring them before us.
Exit Attendant
To be thus is nothing;
But to be safely thus.—Our fears in Banquo
Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature
Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares;
And,to that dauntless temper of his mind,
He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour
To act in safety.There is none but he
Whose being I do fear: and,under him,
My Genius is rebuked; as,it is said,
Mark Antony's was by Caesar.He chid the sisters
When first they put the name of king upon me,
And bade them speak to him: then prophet-like
They hail'd him father to a line of kings:
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown,
And put a barren sceptre in my gripe,
Thence to be wrench'd with an unlineal hand,
No son of mine succeeding.If 't be so,
For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind;
For them the gracious Duncan have I murder'd;
Put rancours in the vessel of my peace
Only for them; and mine eternal jewel
Given to the common enemy of man,
To make them kings,the seed of Banquo kings!
Rather than so,come fate into the list.
And champion me to the utterance! Who's there!
Re-enter Attendant,with two Murderers
Now go to the door,and stay there till we call.
Exit Attendant
Was it not yesterday we spoke together?
麦克白
带他们进来见我。(侍从下)单单做到了这一步还不算什么,总要把现状确定巩固起来才好。我对于班柯怀着深切的恐惧,他的高贵的天性中有一种使我生畏的东西;他是个敢作敢为的人,在他的无畏的精神上,又加上深沉的智虑,指导他的大勇在确有把握的时机行动。除了他以外,我什么人都不怕,只有他的存在却使我惴惴不安;我的星宿给他罩住了,就像凯撒罩住了安东尼的里宿。当那些女巫们最初称我为王的时候,他呵斥她们,叫她们对他说话;她们就像先知似的说他的子孙将相继为王,她们把一顶没有后嗣的王冠戴在我的头上,把一根没有人继承的御杖放在我的手里,然后再从我的手里夺去,我自己的子孙却得不到继承。要是果然是这样,那么我玷污了我的手,只是为了班柯后裔的好处;我为了他们暗杀了仁慈的邓肯;为了他们良心上负着重大的罪疚和不安;我把我的永生的灵魂送给了人类的公敌,只是为了使他们可以登上王座,使班柯的种子登上王座!不,我不能忍受这样的事,宁愿接受命运的挑战!是谁?
LENNOX
My former speeches have but hit your thoughts,
Which can interpret further: only,I say,
Things have been strangely borne.The
Gracious Duncan
Was pitied of Macbeth: marry,he was dead:
And the right-valiant Banquo walk'd too late;
Whom,you may say,if't please you,Fleance kill'd,
For Fleance fled: men must not walk too late.
Who cannot want the thought how monstrous
It was for Malcolm and for Donalbain
To kill their gracious father? damned fact!
How it did grieve Macbeth! did he not straight
In pious rage the two delinquents tear,
That were the slaves of drink and thralls of sleep?
Was not that nobly done? Ay,and wisely too;
For 'twould have anger'd any heart alive
To hear the men deny't.So that,I say,
He has borne all things well: and I do think
That had he Duncan's sons under his key—
As,an't please heaven,he shall not—they
Should find
What 'twere to kill a father; so should Fleance.
But,peace! for from broad words and 'cause he fail'd
His presence at the tyrant's feast,I hear
Macduff lives in disgrace: sir,can you tell
Where he bestows himself?
列诺克斯
我以前的那些话只是让你听了觉得对劲,那些话是还可以进一步解释的;我只觉得事情有些古怪。仁厚的邓肯被麦克白所哀悼;邓肯是已经死去的了。勇敢的班柯不该在深夜走路,您也许可以说——要是您愿意这么说的话,他是被弗里恩斯杀死的,因为弗里恩斯已经逃匿无踪;人总不应该在夜深的时候走路。哪一个人不以为马尔康和道纳本杀死他们仁慈的父亲,是一件多么惊人的巨变?万恶的行为!麦克白为了这件事多么痛心;他不是乘着一时的忠愤,把那两个酗酒贪睡的溺职卫士杀了吗?那件事干得不是很忠勇的吗?嗯,而且也干得很聪明;因为要是人家听见他们抵赖他们的罪状,谁都会怒从心起的。所以我说,他把一切事情处理得很好;我想要是邓肯的两个儿子也给他拘留起来——上天保佑他们不会落在他的手里——他们就会知道向自己的父亲行弑,必须受到怎样的报应;弗里恩斯也是一样。可是这些话别提啦,我听说麦克德夫因为出言不逊,又不出席那暴君的宴会,已经受到贬辱。您能够告诉我他现在在什么地方吗?
LADY MACBETH
'They met me in the day of success:
And I have learned by the perfectest report,
They have more in them than mortal knowledge.
When I burned in desire to question them further,
They made themselves air,into which they vanished.
Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it,
Came missives from the king,
Who all-hailed me 'Thane of Cawdor;
' By which title,before,these weird sisters saluted me,
And referred me to the coming on of time,
With 'Hail,king that shalt be!
' This have I thought good to deliver thee,
My dearest partner of greatness,
That thou mightst not lose the dues of rejoicing,
By being ignorant of what greatness is promised thee.
Lay it to thy heart,and farewell.'
Glamis thou art,and Cawdor; and shalt be
What thou art promised:
Yet do I fear thy nature;
It is too full o' the milk of human kindness
To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great;
Art not without ambition,but without
The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,
That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false,
And yet wouldst wrongly win: thou'ldst have,great Glamis,
That which cries
'Thus thou must do,if thou have it;
And that which rather thou dost fear to do
Than wishest should be undone.
' Hie thee hither,
That I may pour my spirits in thine ear;
And chastise with the valour of my tongue
All that impedes thee from the golden round,
Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem
To have thee crown'd withal.
麦克白夫人
“她们在我胜利的那天遇到我;我根据最可靠的说法,知道她们是具有超越凡俗的知识的。当我燃烧着热烈的欲望,想要向她们详细询问的时候,她们已经化为一阵风不见了。我正在惊奇不置,王上的使者就来了,他们都称我为‘考特爵士’;那一个尊号正是这些神巫用来称呼我的,而且她们还对我作这样的预示,说‘祝福,未来的君王!’我想我应该把这样的消息告诉你,我的最亲爱的有福同享的伴侣,好让你不致于因为对于你所将要得到的富贵一无所知,而失去你所应该享有的欢欣。把它放在你的心头,再会。”你本是葛莱密斯爵士,现在又做了考特爵士,将来还会达到那预言所告诉你的那样高位。可是我却为你的天性忧虑:它充满了太多的人情的乳臭,使你不敢采取最近的捷径;你希望做一个伟大的人物,你不是没有野心,可是你却缺少和那种野心相联属的奸恶;你的欲望很大,但又希望只用正当的手段;一方面不愿玩弄机诈,一方面却又要作非分的攫夺;伟大的爵士,你想要的那东西正在喊:“你要到手,就得这样干!”你也不是不肯这样干,而是怕干。赶快回来吧,让我把我的精神力量倾注在你的耳中;命运和玄奇的力量分明已经准备把黄金的宝冠罩在你的头上,让我用舌尖的勇气,把那阻止你得到那顶王冠的一切障碍驱扫一空吧。
LADY MACBETH
The raven himself is hoarse
That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
Under my battlements.
Come,you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts,unsex me here,
And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full
Of direst cruelty! make thick my blood;
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose,nor keep peace between
The effect and it!
Come to my woman's breasts,
And take my milk for gall,
you murdering ministers,
Wherever in your sightless substances
You wait on nature's mischief!
Come,thick night,
And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,
That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark,
To cry 'Hold,hold!'
Enter MACBETH
Great Glamis! worthy Cawdor!
Greater than both,by the all-hail hereafter!
Thy letters have transported me beyond
This ignorant present,and I feel now
The future in the instant.
麦克白夫人
报告邓肯走进我这堡门来送死的乌鸦,它的叫声是嘶哑的。来,注视着人类恶念的魔鬼们!解除我的女性的柔弱,用最凶恶的残忍自顶至踵贯注在我的全身;凝结我的血液,不要让怜悯钻进我的心头,不要让天性中的恻隐摇动我的狠毒的决意!来,你们这些杀人的助手,你们无形的躯体散满在空间,到处找寻为非作恶的机会,进入我的妇人的胸中,把我的乳水当成胆汁吧!来,阴沉的黑夜,用最昏暗的地狱中的浓烟罩住你自己,让我的锐利的刀瞧不见它自己切开的伤口,让青天不能从黑暗的重衾里探出头来,高喊“住手,住手!”
麦克白上。
伟大的葛莱密斯!尊贵的考特!比这两者更伟大、更尊贵的未来的统治者!你的信使我飞越蒙昧的现在,我已经感觉到未来的搏动了。
MACBETH
We will proceed no further in this business:
He hath honour'd me of late;
And I have bought Golden opinions from all sorts of people,
Which would be worn now in their newest gloss,
Not cast aside so soon.
LADY MACBETH
Was the hope drunk
Wherein you dress'd yourself?
Hath it slept since?
And wakes it now,to look so green and pale
At what it did so freely?
From this time
Such I account thy love.
Art thou afeard
To be the same in thine own act and valour
As thou art in desire?
Wouldst thou have that
Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life,
And live a coward in thine own esteem,
Letting 'I dare not' wait upon 'I would,'
Like the poor cat i' the adage?
MACBETH
Prithee,peace: I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none.
LADY MACBETH
What beast was't,then,
That made you break this enterprise to me?
When you durst do it,then you were a man;
And,to be more than what you were,you would
Be so much more the man.
Nor time nor place
Did then adhere,and yet you would make both:
They have made themselves,and that their fitness now
Does unmake you.
I have given suck,and know
How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me:
I would,while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash'd the brains out,had I so sworn as you
Have done to this.
麦克白
我们还是不要进行这一件事情吧。他最近给我极大的尊荣;我也好容易从各种人的嘴里博到了无上的美誉,我的名声现在正在发射最灿烂的光彩,不能这么快就把它丢弃了。
麦克白夫人
难道你把自己沉浸在里面的那种希望,只是醉后的妄想吗?它现在从一场睡梦中醒来,因为追悔自己的孟浪,而吓得脸色这样苍白吗?从这一刻起,我要把你的爱情看做同样靠不住的东西。你不敢让你在行为和勇气上跟你的欲望一致吗?你宁愿像一头畏首畏尾的猫儿,顾全你所认为生命的装饰品的名誉,不惜让你在自己眼中成为一个懦夫,让“我不敢”永远跟随在“我想要”的后面吗?
麦克白
请你不要说了。只要是男子汉做的事,我都敢做;没有人比我有更大的胆量。
麦克白夫人
那么当初是什么畜生使你把这一种企图告诉我的呢?是男子汉就应当敢作敢为;要是你敢做一个比你更伟大的人物,那才更是一个男子汉。那时候,无论时间和地点都不曾给你下手的方便,可是你却居然决意要实现你的愿望;现在你有了大好的机会,你又失去勇气了。我曾经哺乳过婴孩,知道一个母亲是怎样怜爱那吮吸她乳汁的子女;可是我会在它看着我的脸微笑的时候,从它的柔软的嫩嘴里摘下我的乳头,把它的脑袋砸碎,要是我也像你一样,曾经发誓下这样的毒手的话。