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莎士比亚悲喜剧著名独白欣赏
1.2.2.3 导读

导读

在莎士比亚描写爱情的悲剧中,男女主人公不像在喜剧里那样终成眷属,而一般在开始或中间就走到一起,其终局则极为不幸。这说明他不再以描写浪漫的爱情为主,而转向实在的生活。一位小说家曾说过,大多数小说和戏剧总是写到恋人结合就赶紧停住,说他们从此幸福地生活在一起,一笔煞尾,再往下写就要使读者失望了。在《奥赛罗》这出悲剧里,婚姻生活自身并未受到无聊、厌烦的侵蚀,却受到阴谋家的恶意破坏。当然,男主人公的性格和激情也在扼杀他们的爱情和生命的过程中起着很大的作用。

《奥赛罗》、《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》,被称为莎士比亚的四大悲剧,但《奥赛罗》不像其他三出都是描述皇室贵族因家庭或心理因素而导致国家衰亡。在莎士比亚的这四大悲剧中,也许以《奥赛罗》的戏剧结构最为严谨,因此艺术性也可以说最完美。在恋爱的婚姻的问题上,也是《奥赛罗》最充分地体现了那迎接新时代来到的人物的精神面貌。

本剧故事描述土耳其军舰袭击威尼斯所占有的塞浦路斯,奥赛罗奉命出征,但奥赛罗一抵达,就传来土耳其舰队因风雨而溃散的消息,使故事的危机转向家庭事件发展,无涉国家兴衰。这是莎戏中极为罕见的事件,而且《奥赛罗》也是莎翁悲剧中人数最少的故事,集中于单一主题:嫉妒。

在《奥赛罗》之前,“黑”总是和罪恶、死亡等概念联系在一起,黑皮肤的摩尔人一向被认为是恶徒,因此莎士比亚以黑人奥赛罗作为悲剧主角,实是极为大胆的创举。他颠覆了当时的主流想法,肯定奥赛罗的价值与苔丝狄蒙娜的主见,让他们两人因相爱而结合,缔结了一场摩尔人与威尼斯人的婚姻。

然而,奥赛罗却相信了伊阿古的谗言,认定苔丝狄蒙娜和他的副官凯西奥有私情,终而亲手卡死苔丝狄蒙娜。整出戏的意义就在于了解奥赛罗历经了何等的心理变化,才会从性情正直、挚爱妻子的丈夫,逐渐成为疯狂嫉妒的杀手。剧中呈现嫉妒的复杂心理,并涉及种族和性别议题,在无数演出中有各种解读和评价。

文艺复兴时期的威尼斯以政治手腕、贸易财富和高级娼妓闻名,《奥赛罗》场景设于威尼斯,暗示了理性、律法和社会秩序。奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜由威尼斯前往塞浦路斯,两人在地理上从文明走向蛮荒的过程,呼应其心理层面的类似旅程。伊阿古要破坏的,除了军队里的位阶制度,还有婚姻制度,但他无法在威尼斯达成他的意图,需到塞浦路斯才可能办到。而奥赛罗到了塞浦路斯战场后,原本高贵荣耀的他,开始出现原始欲望和蛮横行为,失去了理性和秩序。

外表与内在的冲突,在奥赛罗和伊阿古两人身上都显露无遗。伊阿古貌似忠贞正直,实则恶毒难测;奥赛罗看似充满节制与自信,实则充满恐惧与不安。苔丝狄蒙娜是剧中唯一心口合一的角色,但讽刺的是,她竟然也是唯一被指控为表里不一的人。

苔丝狄蒙娜和伊阿古代表了道德的两个极端。苔丝狄蒙娜无私、宽大、奉献,伊阿古则是自私、充满仇恨。他们两人唯一的相同之处是个性始终如一,善良的苔丝狄蒙娜在死时仍然圣洁,邪恶的伊阿古则贯彻他的魔鬼个性,忖度如何陷害他人。

奥赛罗长久以来都在荒野战场间出没,他不熟悉都市生活的规则,不了解人心的微妙。他是个信仰基督教的黑人,因善于征战,战场功绩让他得以在威尼斯的白人世界里官拜将领,还得到了苔丝狄蒙娜的青睐。夫妻婚姻的美满,是莎剧中罕见的描述,但后来竟出现了威胁美满婚姻的变量,不完全是小人的谗言,而是奥赛罗的不自信。

柯许(Arthur Kirsch)在《莎士比亚与爱的经验》(Shakespeare and the Experience of Love)一书中表示,奥赛罗始终无法否认自己是个黑人、是威尼斯的外来客,因此不相信苔丝狄蒙娜会爱上他。当时的威尼斯人认为,威尼斯的年轻女子若爱上了黑人,一定是不正常的爱情。奥赛罗于是怀疑甚至否认自己能够吸引年轻貌美的苔丝狄蒙娜,而伊阿古就趁机利用了奥赛罗的这种恐惧心理。

奥赛罗心中存在着善与恶的冲突,就像是一种人性的堕落一样,他宁可相信恶言,终而导致悲剧。亚里士多德认为悲剧带来的是哀悯和恐惧,而《奥赛罗》令观众哀悯恐惧的,可以说就是一度和谐高贵的爱情,竟因自我否认而演变成一场悲剧。

奥赛罗性格中的缺陷,是恐惧深爱的完美妻子会背叛他。剧中有三场审判使奥赛罗逐渐走向邪恶:(1)元老院举行的公听会;(2)奥赛罗审问凯西奥酗酒生事的原委;(3)奥赛罗不给予苔丝狄蒙娜自辩机会,他一味责问,径自将杀害她。这三个过程使得一开场怀有基督徒式正直与同情的奥赛罗,摇身一变成为野蛮的复仇凶手。奥赛罗最后体会到嫉妒对婚姻的毁灭力量,一如伟大的悲剧英雄般,终而看清事实的真相,坦承错误。奥赛罗杀死贞洁的妻子,犯下滔天的罪过。然而他仍然是伟大、高尚的人。他的罪过来自激情,他的激情生于真挚的爱。如果他有缺点,那只是轻信别人,而轻信正是他慷慨大度的一个方面。我们不觉得他丑恶,我们敬仰他的热情,他因此而爱和被爱,幸福的奥赛罗!他的激情与阴谋、罪恶一起加害于自己那无辜的妻子,我们只有更痛恨阴谋。

伊阿古是这场悲剧的关键人物,他在剧中的独白和对白比奥赛罗多了两百行以上,借此说明奥赛罗的心理转变与行为动机。伊阿古不满奥赛罗擢升凯西奥为副官,又怀疑奥赛罗和其妻有染,故设下毒计,报复奥赛罗和凯西奥,并把苔丝狄蒙娜卷入这场政治与心理的阴谋当中。

全剧从头到尾不断强调伊阿古的恶毒行径,他仿佛是中古时期盛行的道德剧(morality play)里的“邪恶”一角,设下重重的陷阱,使人格高尚的对手遭致毁灭。最可怕的是,他魔鬼般的心机也感染了剧中的其他角色,凯西奥因为他而酗酒,奥赛罗因为他而怀疑苔丝狄蒙娜,直到悲剧发生后,才发现中了他的阴谋。

剧中强调伊阿古对人性的洞悉与玩弄,却对他的作恶动机和心理转折着墨甚少,因此若从纯心理剧的角度来看,伊阿古并不算是真实完整的人物,而是为了提供戏剧效果所做的一个安排。

本剧几乎吻合亚里士多德“三一律”的戏剧理论:统一的时间、地点和动作。奥赛罗来到塞浦路斯的第二个晚上,就因为嫉妒攻心而杀害苔丝狄蒙娜。这段短暂的期间,并没有提供苔丝狄蒙娜出轨的机会,而伊阿古却暗示凯西奥和苔丝狄蒙娜陈舱暗渡多时,也使得剧中出现了“双重时间”(double time)。在莎士比亚时代,作家习惯用这种方式处理时间,他们倾向强调单一事件,并加以延展强化,使得事件像是出自于小说,而非戏剧。

《奥赛罗》的故事来源是辛提欧(Giraldi Cinthio)1565年于威尼斯出版的《百则故事》(Gli Hecatommithi)中的一篇短篇小说,但这个故事的主要观点却和《奥赛罗》完全相悖,莎士比亚只是借用其黑白联姻和小人从中作梗的故事大纲而已。据推测,《奥赛罗》完成于1604年,并于同年11月1日在詹姆士一世御前演出,自此便一直深受好评。虽然伦敦的剧院一度关闭,但在1660年重新开张时,本剧是最早重新搬演的剧目之一。

此剧自开演迄今,400多年来感动了无数的观众与读者,其最动人处包括高贵的奥赛罗和苔丝狄蒙娜两人之间跨越年龄、种族和文化的婚姻,还有剧中深刻的心理及人性呈现。伊阿古在剧中的重要性并不亚于奥赛罗,加之性格鲜明突出,是许多演员倾心的角色。

奥赛罗自问世以来,一向由白人饰演,借由化妆术使外观黝黑,一直到1943年,美国剧场才首度起用黑人演员担纲,此举不仅改变了传统中选角的标准,更创下美国剧场史上公演莎剧历时最久的纪录。

IAGO

Despise me,if I do not.Three great ones of the city,

In personal suit to make me his lieutenant,

Off-capp'd to him: and,by the faith of man,

I know my price,I am worth no worse a place:

But he; as loving his own pride and purposes,

Evades them,with a bombast circumstance

Horribly stuff'd with epithets of war;

And,in conclusion,

Nonsuits my mediators; for,'Certes,' says he,

'I have already chose my officer.'

And what was he?

Forsooth,a great arithmetician,

One Michael Cassio,a Florentine,

A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife;

That never set a squadron in the field,

Nor the division of a battle knows

More than a spinster; unless the bookish theoric,

Wherein the toged consuls can propose

As masterly as he: mere prattle,without practise,

Is all his soldiership.But he,sir,had the election:

And I,of whom his eyes had seen the proof

At Rhodes,at Cyprus and on other grounds

Christian and heathen,must be be-lee'd and calm'd

By debitor and creditor: this counter-caster,

He,in good time,must his lieutenant be,

And I—God bless the mark!—his Moorship's ancient.

伊阿古

要是我不恨他,你从此别理我。这城里的三个当道要人亲自向他打招呼,举荐我做他的副将;凭良心说,我知道我自己的价值,难道我就做不得一个副将?可是他眼睛里只有自己没有别人,对于他们的请求,都用一套充满了军事上口头禅的空话回绝了;因为,他说,“我已经选定我的将佐了。”他选中的是个什么人呢?哼,一个算学大家,一个叫做迈克尔·凯西奥的佛罗伦萨人,一个几乎因为娶了娇妻而误了终身的家伙;他从来不曾在战场上领过一队兵,对于布阵作战的知识,懂得的简直也不比一个老守空闺的女人多;即使懂得一些书本上的理论,那些身穿宽袍的元老大人们讲起来也会比他更头头是道;只有空谈,不切实际,这就是他的全部的军人资格。可是,老兄,他居然得到了任命;我在罗得斯岛、塞浦路斯岛,以及其他基督徒和异教徒的国土之上,立过多少的军功,都是他亲眼看见的,现在却必须低首下心,受一个市侩的指挥。这位掌柜居然做起他的副将来,而我呢——上帝恕我这样说——却只在这位黑将军的麾下充当一名旗官。

IAGO

O,sir,content you;

I follow him to serve my turn upon him:

We cannot all be masters,nor all masters

Cannot be truly follow'd.You shall mark

Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave,

That,doting on his own obsequious bondage,

Wears out his time,much like his master's ass,

For nought but provender,and when he's old,cashier'd:

Whip me such honest knaves.Others there are

Who,trimm'd in forms and visages of duty,

Keep yet their hearts attending on themselves,

And,throwing but shows of service on their lords,

Do well thrive by them and when they have lined

Their coats

Do themselves homage: these fellows have some soul;

And such a one do I profess myself.For,sir,

It is as sure as you are Roderigo,

Were I the Moor,I would not be Iago:

In following him,I follow but myself;

Heaven is my judge,not I for love and duty,

But seeming so,for my peculiar end:

For when my outward action doth demonstrate

The native act and figure of my heart

In compliment extern,'tis not long after

But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve

For daws to peck at: I am not what I am.

伊阿古

啊,老兄,放心吧;我之所以跟随他,不过是要利用他达到我自己的目的。我们不能每个人都是主人,每个主人也不是都该让仆人忠心地追随他。你可以看到,有一些天生的奴才,他们卑躬屈节,拼命讨主人的好,甘心受主人的鞭策,像一头驴子似的,为了一些粮草而出卖他们的一生,等到年纪老了,主人就把他们撵走;这种老实的奴才是应该抽一顿鞭子的。还有一种人,表面上尽管装出一副鞠躬如也的样子,骨子里却是为他们自己打算;看上去好像替主人做事,实际却靠着主人发展自己的势力,等捞足了油水,就可以知道他所尊敬的其实是他本人;像这种人还有几分头脑;我承认我自己就属于这一类。因为,老兄,正像你是罗德利哥而不是别人一样,我要是做了那摩尔人,我就不会是伊阿古。同样地没有错,虽说我跟随他,其实还是跟随我自己。上天是我的公证人,我这样对他赔着小心,既不是为了忠心,也不是为了义务,只是为了自己的利益,才装出这一副假脸。要是我表面上的恭而敬之的行为会泄露我内心的活动,那么不久我就要掬出我的心来,让乌鸦们乱啄了。世人知道的我,并不是实在的我。

BRABANTIO

O thou foul thief,where hast thou stow'd my daughter?

Damn'd as thou art,thou hast enchanted her;

For I'll refer me to all things of sense,

If she in chains of magic were not bound,

Whether a maid so tender,fair and happy,

So opposite to marriage that she shunned

The wealthy curled darlings of our nation,

Would ever have,to incur a general mock,

Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom

Of such a thing as thou,to fear,not to delight.

Judge me the world,if 'tis not gross in sense

That thou hast practised on her with foul charms,

Abused her delicate youth with drugs or minerals

That weaken motion: I'll have't disputed on;

'Tis probable and palpable to thinking.

I therefore apprehend and do attach thee

For an abuser of the world,a practiser

Of arts inhibited and out of warrant.

Lay hold upon him: if he do resist,

Subdue him at his peril.

勃拉班修

啊,你这恶贼!你把我的女儿藏到什么地方去了?你不想想你自己是个什么东西,胆敢用妖法蛊惑她;我们只要凭着情理判断,像她这样一个年轻貌美、娇生惯养的姑娘,我们国里多少有财有势的俊秀子弟她都看不上眼,倘不是中了魔,怎么会不怕人家的笑话,背着尊亲投奔到你这个丑恶的黑鬼的怀里?——那还不早把她吓坏了,岂有什么乐趣可言!世人可以替我评一评,是不是显而易见你用邪恶的符咒欺诱她的娇弱的心灵,用药饵丹方迷惑她的知觉;我要在法庭上叫大家评一评理,这种事情是不是很可能的。所以我现在逮捕你;妨害风化、行使邪术,便是你的罪名。抓住他;要是他敢反抗,你们就用武力制伏他。

OTHELLO

Most potent,grave,and reverend signiors,

My very noble and approved good masters,

That I have ta'en away this old man's daughter,

It is most true; true,I have married her:

The very head and front of my offending

Hath this extent,no more.Rude am I in my speech,

And little bless'd with the soft phrase of peace:

For since these arms of mine had seven years' pith,

Till now some nine moons wasted,they have used

Their dearest action in the tented field,

And little of this great world can I speak,

More than pertains to feats of broil and battle,

And therefore little shall I grace my cause

In speaking for myself.Yet,by your gracious patience,

I will a round unvarnish'd tale deliver

Of my whole course of love; what drugs,what charms,

What conjuration and what mighty magic,

For such proceeding I am charged withal,

I won his daughter.

奥赛罗

威严无比、德高望重的各位大人,我的尊贵贤良的主人们,我把这位老人家的女儿带走了,这是完全真实的;我已经和她结了婚,这也是真的;我的最大的罪状仅止于此,别的就不是我所知道的了。我的言语是粗鲁的,一点不懂得那些温文尔雅的辞令;因为自从我这双手臂长了七年的膂力以后,直到最近这九个月以前,它们一直都在战场上发挥它们的本领;对于这一个广大的世界,我除了冲锋陷阵以外,几乎一无所知,所以我也不能用什么动人的字句替我自己辩护。可是你们要是愿意耐心听我说下去,我可以向你们讲述一段质朴无华的、关于我的恋爱的全部经过的故事;告诉你们我用什么药物、什么符咒、什么驱神役鬼的手段、什么神奇玄妙的魔法,骗到了他的女儿,因为这是他所控诉我的罪名。

OTHELLO

Her father loved me; oft invited me;

Still question'd me the story of my life,

From year to year,the battles,sieges,fortunes,

That I have passed.

I ran it through,even from my boyish days,

To the very moment that he bade me tell it;

Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances,

Of moving accidents by flood and field

Of hair-breadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach,

Of being taken by the insolent foe

And sold to slavery,of my redemption thence

And portance in my travels' history:

Wherein of antres vast and deserts idle,

Rough quarries,rocks and hills whose heads touch heaven

It was my hint to speak,—such was the process;

And of the Cannibals that each other eat,

The Anthropophagi and men whose heads

Do grow beneath their shoulders.This to hear

Would Desdemona seriously incline:

But still the house-affairs would draw her thence:

Which ever as she could with haste dispatch,

She'ld come again,and with a greedy ear

Devour up my discourse: which I observing,

Took once a pliant hour,and found good means

To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart

That I would all my pilgrimage dilate,

Whereof by parcels she had something heard,

But not intentively: I did consent,

And often did beguile her of her tears,

When I did speak of some distressful stroke

That my youth suffer'd.My story being done,

She gave me for my pains a world of sighs:

She swore,in faith,twas strange,'twas passing strange,

'Twas pitiful,'twas wondrous pitiful:

She wish'd she had not heard it,yet she wish'd

That heaven had made her such a man: she thank'd me,

And bade me,if I had a friend that loved her,

I should but teach him how to tell my story.

And that would woo her.Upon this hint I spake:

She loved me for the dangers I had pass'd,

And I loved her that she did pity them.

This only is the witchcraft I have used:

Here comes the lady; let her witness it.

Enter DESDEMONA,IAGO,and Attendants

奥赛罗

她的父亲很看重我,常常请我到他家里,每次谈话的时候,总是问起我过去的历史,要我讲述我一年又一年所经历的各次战争、围城和意外的遭遇;我就把我的一生事实,从我的童年时代起,直到他叫我讲述的时候为止,原原本本地说了出来。我说起最可怕的灾祸,海上、陆上惊人的奇遇,间不容发的脱险,在傲慢的敌人手中被俘为奴,和遇赎脱身的经过,以及旅途中的种种见闻;那些广大的岩窟、荒凉的沙漠、突兀的崖嶂、巍峨的峰岭;接着我又讲到彼此相食的野蛮部落,和肩下生头的化外异民;这些都是我的谈话的题目。苔丝狄蒙娜对于这种故事,总是出神倾听;有时为了家庭中的事务,她不能不离座而起,可是她总是尽力把事情赶紧办好,再回来孜孜不倦地把我所讲的每一个字都听了进去。我注意到她这种情形,有一天在一个适当的时间,从她的嘴里逗出了她的真诚的心愿:她希望我能够把我的一生经历,对她作一次详细的复述,因为她平日所听到的,只是一鳞半爪、残缺不全的片段。我答应了她的要求;当我讲到我在少年时代所遭逢的不幸的打击的时候,她往往忍不住掉下泪来。我的故事讲完以后,她用无数的叹息酬劳我;她发誓说,那是非常奇异而悲惨的;她希望她没有听到这段故事,可是又希望上天为她造下这样一个男子。她向我道谢,对我说,要是我有一个朋友爱上了她,我只要教他怎样讲述我的故事,就可以得到她的爱情。我听了这一个暗示,才向她吐露我的求婚的诚意。她为了我所经历的种种患难而爱我,我为了她对我所抱的同情而爱她:这就是我的唯一的妖术。她来了;让她为我证明吧。

IAGO

Virtue! a fig! 'tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus.Our bodies are our gardens,to the which our wills are gardeners: so that if we will plant nettles,or sow lettuce,set hyssop and weed up thyme,supply it with one gender of herbs,or distract it with many,either to have it sterile with idleness,or manured with industry,why,the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our wills.If the balance of our lives had not one scale of reason to poise another of sensuality,the blood and baseness of our natures would conduct us to most preposterous conclusions: but we have reason to cool our raging motions,our carnal stings,our unbitted lusts,whereof I take this that you call love to be a sect or scion.

伊阿古

力量!废话!我们变成这样那样,全在于我们自己。我们的身体就像一座园圃,我们的意志是这园圃里的园丁;不论我们插荨麻、种莴苣、栽下牛膝草、拔起百里香,或者单独培植一种草木,或者把全园种得万卉纷披,让它荒废不治也好,把它辛勤耕垦也好,那权力都在于我们的意志。要是在我们的生命之中,理智和情欲不能保持平衡,我们血肉的邪心就会引导我们到一个荒唐的结局;可是我们有的是理智,可以冲淡我们汹涌的热情,肉体的刺激和奔放的淫欲;我认为你所称为“爱情”的,也不过是那样一种东西。

IAGO

Thus do I ever make my fool my purse:

For I mine own gain'd knowledge should profane,

If I would time expend with such a snipe.

But for my sport and profit.

I hate the Moor:

And it is thought abroad,that 'twixt my sheets

He has done my office:

I know not if't be true;

But I,for mere suspicion in that kind,

Will do as if for surety.

He holds me well;

The better shall my purpose work on him.

Cassio's a proper man: let me see now:

To get his place and to plume up my will

In double knavery—How,how? Let's see:—

After some time,to abuse Othello's ear

That he is too familiar with his wife.

He hath a person and a smooth dispose

To be suspected,framed to make women false.

The Moor is of a free and open nature,

That thinks men honest that but seem to be so,

And will as tenderly be led by the nose

As asses are.I have't.It is engender'd.

Hell and night

Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light.

伊阿古

我总是这样让这种傻瓜掏出钱来给我花用;因为倘不是为了替自己解解闷,打算占些便宜,那我浪费时间跟这样一个呆子周旋,那才冤枉哩,那还算得什么有见识的人。我恨那摩尔人;有人说他和我的妻子私通,我不知道这句话是真是假;可是在这种事情上,即使不过是嫌疑,我也要把它当作实有其事一样看待。他对我很有好感,这样可以使我对他实行我的计策的时候格外方便一些。凯西奥是一个俊美的男子;让我想想看:夺到他的位置,实现我的一举两得的阴谋;怎么办?怎么办?让我看:等过了一些时候,在奥赛罗的耳边捏造一些鬼话,说他跟他的妻子看上去太亲热了;他长得漂亮,性情又温和,天生一种媚惑妇人的魔力,像他这种人是很容易引起疑心的。那摩尔人是一个坦白爽直的人,他看见人家在表面上装出一副忠厚诚实的样子,就以为一定是个好人;我可以把他像一头驴子一般牵着鼻子跑。有了!我的计策已经产生。地狱和黑夜正酝酿成这空前的罪恶,它必须向世界显露它的面目。

IAGO

That Cassio loves her,

I do well believe it;

That she loves him,'tis apt and of great credit:

The Moor,howbeit that I endure him not,

Is of a constant,loving,noble nature,

And I dare think he'll prove to Desdemona

A most dear husband.

Now,I do love her too;

Not out of absolute lust,though peradventure

I stand accountant for as great a sin,

But partly led to diet my revenge,

For that I do suspect the lusty Moor

Hath leap'd into my seat; the thought whereof

Doth,like a poisonous mineral,gnaw my inwards;

And nothing can or shall content my soul

Till I am even'd with him,wife for wife,

Or failing so,yet that I put the Moor

At least into a jealousy so strong

That judgment cannot cure.

Which thing to do,

If this poor trash of Venice,whom I trash

For his quick hunting,stand the putting on,

I'll have our Michael Cassio on the hip,

Abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb—

For I fear Cassio with my night-cap too—

Make the Moor thank me,love me and reward me.

For making him egregiously an ass

And practising upon his peace and quiet

Even to madness.'Tis here,but yet confused:

Knavery's plain face is never seen tin used.

伊阿古

凯西奥爱她,这一点我是可以充分相信的;她爱凯西奥,这也是一件很自然而可能的事。这摩尔人我虽然气他不过,却有一副坚定、仁爱、正直的性格;我相信他会对苔丝狄蒙娜做一个最多情的丈夫。讲到我自己,我也是爱她的,并不完全出于情欲的冲动——虽然也许我犯的罪名也并不轻一些儿——可是一半是为要报复我的仇恨,因为我疑心这好色的摩尔人已经跳上了我的坐骑。这一种思想像毒药一样腐蚀我的肝肠,什么都不能使我心满意足,除非老婆对老婆,在他身上发泄这一口怨气;即使不能做到这一点,我也要叫这摩尔人心里长起根深蒂固的嫉妒来,没有一种理智的药饵可以把它治疗。为了达到这一个目的,我已经利用这威尼斯的瘟生做我的鹰犬;要是他果然听我的嗾使,我就可以抓住我们那位迈克尔·凯西奥的把柄,在这摩尔人面前大大地诽谤他——因为我疑心凯西奥跟我的妻子也是有些暧昧的。这样我可以让这摩尔人感谢我、喜欢我、报答我,因为我叫他做了一头大大的驴子,用诡计捣乱他的平和安宁,使他因气愤而发疯。方针已经决定,前途未可预料;阴谋的面目直到下手才会揭晓。

OTHELLO

Why,why is this?

Think'st thou I'ld make a lie of jealousy,

To follow still the changes of the moon

With fresh suspicions? No; to be once in doubt

Is once to be resolved: exchange me for a goat,

When I shall turn the business of my soul

To such exsufflicate and blown surmises,

Matching thy inference.'Tis not to make me jealous

To say my wife is fair,feeds well,loves company,

Is free of speech,sings,plays and dances well;

Where virtue is,these are more virtuous:

Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw

The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt;

For she had eyes,and chose me.No,Iago;

I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt,prove;

And on the proof,there is no more but this,—

Away at once with love or jealousy!

奥赛罗

咦,这是什么意思?你以为我会在嫉妒里消磨我的一生,随着每一次月亮的变化,发生一次新的猜疑吗?不,我有一天感到怀疑,就要把它立刻解决。要是我会让这种捕风捉影的猜测支配我的心灵,像你所暗示的那样,我就是一头愚蠢的山羊。谁说我的妻子貌美多姿,爱好交际,口才敏慧,能歌善舞,弹得一手好琴,决不会使我嫉妒;对于一个贤淑的女子,这些是锦上添花的美妙的外饰。我也绝不因为我自己的缺点而担心她会背叛我;她倘不是独具慧眼,决不会选中我的。不,伊阿古,我在没有亲眼目睹以前,决不妄起猜疑;当我感到怀疑的时候,我就要把它证实;果然有了确实的证据,我就一了百了,让爱情和嫉妒同时毁灭。

OTHELLO

This fellow's of exceeding honesty,

And knows all qualities,with a learned spirit,

Of human dealings.If I do prove her haggard,

Though that her jesses were my dear heartstrings,

I'ld whistle her off and let her down the wind,

To pray at fortune.Haply,for I am black

And have not those soft parts of conversation

That chamberers have,or for I am declined

Into the vale of years,—yet that's not much—

She's gone.I am abused; and my relief

Must be to loathe her.O curse of marriage,

That we can call these delicate creatures ours,

And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad,

And live upon the vapour of a dungeon,

Than keep a corner in the thing I love

For others' uses.Yet,'tis the plague of great ones;

Prerogatived are they less than the base;

'Tis destiny unshunnable,like death:

Even then this forked plague is fated to us

When we do quicken.Desdemona comes:

Re-enter DESDEMONA and EMILIA

If she be false,O,then heaven mocks itself!

I'll not believe't.

奥赛罗

这是一个非常诚实的家伙,对于人情世故是再熟悉不过的了。要是我能够证明她是一头没有驯服的野鹰,虽然我用自己的心弦把她系住,我也要放她随风远去,追寻她自己的命运。也许因为我生得黑丑,缺少绅士们温柔风雅的谈吐;也许因为我年纪老了点儿——虽然还不算顶老——所以她才会背叛我;我已经自取其辱,只好割断对她这一段痴情。啊,结婚的烦恼!我们可以在名义上把这些可爱的人儿称为我们所有,却不能支配她们的爱憎喜恶!我宁愿做一只蛤蟆,呼吸牢室中的浊气,也不愿占住了自己心爱之物的一角,让别人把它享用。可是那是富贵者也不能幸免的灾祸,他们并不比贫贱者享有更多的特权;那是像死一样不可逃避的命运,我们一生下来就已经在冥冥中注定了要戴那顶倒霉的绿头巾。瞧!她来了。倘然她是不贞的,啊!那么上天在开自己的玩笑了。我不信。

OTHELLO

Had it pleased heaven

To try me with affliction; had they rain'd

All kinds of sores and shames on my bare head.

Steep'd me in poverty to the very lips,

Given to captivity me and my utmost hopes,

I should have found in some place of my soul

A drop of patience: but,alas,to make me

A fixed figure for the time of scorn

To point his slow unmoving finger at!

Yet could I bear that too; well,very well:

But there,where I have garner'd up my heart,

Where either I must live,or bear no life;

The fountain from the which my current runs,

Or else dries up; to be discarded thence!

Or keep it as a cistern for foul toads

To knot and gender in!

Turn thy complexion there,

Patience,thou young and rose-lipp'd cherubin,—

Ay,there,look grim as hell!

奥赛罗

要是上天的意思,要让我受尽种种的折磨;要是他用诸般的痛苦和耻辱降在我的毫无防卫的头上,把我浸没在贫困的泥沼里,剥夺我的一切自由和希望,我也可以在我的灵魂的一隅之中,找到一滴忍耐的甘露。可是唉!在这尖酸刻薄的世上,做一个被人戟指笑骂的目标!就连这个,我也完全可以容忍;可是我的心灵失去了归宿,我的生命失去了寄托,我的活力的源泉枯竭了,变成了蛤蟆繁育生息的污池!忍耐,你朱唇韶颜的天婴啊,转变你的脸色,让它化成地狱般的狰狞吧!

OTHELLO

It is the cause,it is the cause,my soul,—

Let me not name it to you,you chaste stars!—

It is the cause.Yet I'll not shed her blood;

Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow,

And smooth as monumental alabaster.

Yet she must die,else she'll betray more men.

Put out the light,and then put out the light:

If I quench thee,thou flaming minister,

I can again thy former light restore,

Should I repent me: but once put out thy light,

Thou cunning'st pattern of excelling nature,

I know not where is that Promethean heat

That can thy light relume.When I have pluck'd the rose,

I cannot give it vital growth again.

It must needs wither: I'll smell it on the tree.

Kissing her

Ah balmy breath,that dost almost persuade

Justice to break her sword! One more,one more.

Be thus when thou art dead,and I will kill thee,

And love thee after.One more,and this the last:

So sweet was ne'er so fatal.I must weep,

But they are cruel tears: this sorrow's heavenly;

It strikes where it doth love.She wakes.

奥赛罗

只是为了这一个原因,只是为了这一个原因,我的灵魂!纯洁的星星啊,不要让我向你们说出它的名字!只是为了这一个原因……可是我不愿溅她的血,也不愿毁伤她那比白雪更皎洁、比石膏更腻滑的肌肤。可是她不能不死,否则她将要陷害更多的男子。让我熄灭了这一盏灯,然后我就熄灭你的生命的火焰。融融的灯光啊,我把你吹熄以后,要是我心生后悔,仍旧可以把你重新点亮;可是你,造化最精美的形象啊,你的火焰一旦熄灭,我不知道什么地方有那天上的神火,能够燃起你的原来的光彩!我摘下了蔷薇,就不能再给它已失的生机,只好让它枯萎凋谢;当它还在枝头的时候,我要嗅一嗅它的芳香。(吻苔丝狄蒙娜)啊,甘美的气息!你几乎诱动公道的心,使她折断她的利剑了!再一个吻,再一个吻。愿你到死都是这样;我要杀死你,然后再爱你。再一个吻,这是最后的一吻了;这样销魂,却又是这样无比的惨痛!我必须哭泣,然而这些是无情的眼泪。这一阵阵悲伤是神圣的,因为它要惩罚的正是它最疼爱的。她醒来了。

OTHELLO

Behold,I have a weapon;

A better never did itself sustain

Upon a soldier's thigh: I have seen the day,

That,with this little arm and this good sword,

I have made my way through more impediments

Than twenty times your stop: but,O vain boast!

Who can control his fate? 'tis not so now.

Be not afraid,though you do see me weapon'd;

Here is my journey's end,here is my butt,

And very sea-mark of my utmost sail.

Do you go back dismay'd? 'tis a lost fear;

Man but a rush against Othello's breast,

And he retires.Where should Othello go?

Now,how dost thou look now? O ill-starr'd wench!

Pale as thy smock! when we shall meet at compt,

This look of thine will hurl my soul from heaven,

And fiends will snatch at it.Cold,cold,my girl!

Even like thy chastity.O cursed slave!

Whip me,ye devils,

From the possession of this heavenly sight!

Blow me about in winds! roast me in sulphur!

Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire!

O Desdemona! Desdemona! dead!

Oh! Oh! Oh!

Enter LODOVICO.MONTANO,CASSIO carried in a chair,and Officers with IAGO,prisoner

奥赛罗

瞧!我有一柄剑;从来没有一个战士佩带过比这更好的剑;凭着这一条小小的胳臂和这一柄利剑,我曾经冲破二十倍于你们这样人数的包围;可是,无聊的夸口啊!谁能主宰他自己的命运呢?现在我已经没有那样的本领了。虽然你看我拿着武器,可是不用害怕,这儿是我的旅途的终点,我的航程的最后的目标。你吓得退走了吗?这是不必要的惊恐;谁只要拿一根灯草向奥赛罗的胸前刺去,他也会向后退缩的。奥赛罗应该到什么地方去呢?——啊,让我再看看你的脸吧,薄命的女郎!像你的衬衣一样惨白!我们在天底对簿的时候,你这一副脸色就可以把我的灵魂赶下天堂,让魔鬼把它抓去。你的全身冰冷,我的恋人!正像你的贞洁一样凛若寒霜。啊,该死的、该死的奴才!魔鬼啊,把我从这天仙一样美人的面前鞭逐出去吧!让狂风把我吹卷、硫黄把我熏烤、沸汤的深渊把我沉浸吧!啊,苔丝狄蒙娜!苔丝狄蒙娜!死了!啊!啊!啊!

罗多维科、蒙太诺,二侍从以卧椅抬凯西奥及吏役等押伊阿古同上。

OTHELLO

Soft you; a word or two before you go.

I have done the state some service,and they know't.

No more of that.I pray you,in your letters,

When you shall these unlucky deeds relate,

Speak of me as I am; nothing extenuate,

Nor set down aught in malice: then must you speak

Of one that loved not wisely but too well;

Of one not easily jealous,but being wrought

Perplex'd in the extreme; of one whose hand,

Like the base Indian,threw a pearl away

Richer than all his tribe; of one whose subdued eyes,

Albeit unused to the melting mood,

Drop tears as fast as the Arabian trees

Their medicinal gum.Set you down this;

And say besides,that in Aleppo once,

Where a malignant and a turban'd Turk

Beat a Venetian and traduced the state,

I took by the throat the circumcised dog,

And smote him,thus.

Stabs himself

奥赛罗

且慢,在你们未走以前,再听我说一两句话。我对于国家曾经立过相当的功劳,这是执政诸公所知道的;那些话现在也不用说了。当你们把这种不幸的事实报告他们的时候,请你们在公文上老老实实照我本来的样子叙述,不要徇情回护,也不要恶意构陷;你们应当说我是一个在恋爱上不智而过于深情的人;一个不容易发生嫉妒的人,可是一旦被人煽动以后,就会糊涂到极点;一个像印度人一样糊涂的人,会把一颗比他整个部落所有的财产更贵重的珍珠随手抛弃;一个不惯于流妇人之泪的人,可是当他被感情征服的时候,也会像涌流着胶液的阿拉伯胶树一般两眼泛滥。请你们把这些话记下,再补充一句说:在阿勒坡地方,曾经有一个裹着头巾的敌意的土耳其人殴打一个威尼斯人,诽谤我们的国家,那时候我就一把抓住这受割礼的狗子的咽喉,就这样把他杀了。(以剑自刎)

DESDEMONA

My noble father,

I do perceive here a divided duty:

To you I am bound for life and education;

My life and education both do learn me

How to respect you; you are the lord of duty;

I am hitherto your daughter:

but here's my husband,

And so much duty as my mother show'd

To you,preferring you before her father,

So much I challenge that I may profess

Due to the Moor my lord.

苔丝狄蒙娜

我的尊贵的父亲,我在这里所看到的,是我的分歧的义务:对您说起来,我深荷您的生养教育的大恩,您给我的生命和教养使我明白我应该怎样敬重您;您是我的家长和严君,我直到现在都是您的女儿。可是这儿是我的丈夫,正像我的母亲对您克尽一个妻子的义务、把您看得比她的父亲更重一样,我也应该有权利向这位摩尔人,我的夫主,尽我应尽的名分。

DESDEMONA

That I did love the Moor to live with him,

My downright violence and storm of fortunes

May trumpet to the world: my heart's subdued

Even to the very quality of my lord:

I saw Othello's visage in his mind,

And to his honour and his valiant parts

Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate.

So that,dear lords,if I be left behind,

A moth of peace,and he go to the war,

The rites for which I love him are bereft me,

And I a heavy interim shall support

By his dear absence.Let me go with him.

苔丝狄蒙娜

我不顾一切跟命运对抗的行动可以代我向世人宣告,我因为爱这摩尔人,所以愿意和他过共同的生活;我的心灵完全为他的高贵的德性所征服;我先认识他那颗心,然后认识他那奇伟的仪表;我已经把我的灵魂和命运一起呈献给他了。所以,各位大人,要是他一个人迢迢出征,把我遗留在和平的后方,过着像蜉蝣一般的生活,我将要因为不能朝夕侍奉他,而在镂心刻骨的离情别绪中度日如年了。让我跟他去吧。

DESDEMONA

I prithee,do so.

Exit IAGO

Something,sure,of state,

Either from Venice,or some unhatch'd practise

Made demonstrable here in Cyprus to him,

Hath puddled his clear spirit: and in such cases

Men's natures wrangle with inferior things,

Though great ones are their object.'Tis even so;

For let our finger ache,and it indues

Our other healthful members even to that sense

Of pain: nay,we must think men are not gods,

Nor of them look for such observances

As fit the bridal.Beshrew me much,Emilia,

I was,unhandsome warrior as I am,

Arraigning his unkindness with my soul;

But now I find I had suborn'd the witness,

And he's indicted falsely.

苔丝狄蒙娜

请你就去吧。(伊阿古下)一定是威尼斯有什么国家大事,或是他在塞浦路斯这儿发现了什么秘密的阴谋,扰乱了他的清明的神志;人们在这种情形之下,往往会为了一些些小事而生气,虽然实际激怒他们的却是其他更大的原因。正是这样,我们一个指头疼痛的时候,全身都会觉得难受。我们不能把男人当作完善的天神,也不能希望他们永远像新婚之夜那样殷勤体贴。爱米利娅,我真该死,我可真是个不体面的“战士”,会在心里抱怨他的无情;现在我才觉悟我是收买了假见证,让他受了冤枉。

DESDEMONA

Why,then,to-morrow night; or Tuesday morn;

On Tuesday noon,or night; on Wednesday morn:

I prithee,name the time,but let it not

Exceed three days: in faith,he's penitent;

And yet his trespass,in our common reason—

Save that,they say,the wars must make examples

Out of their best—is not almost a fault

To incur a private cheque.

When shall he come?

Tell me,Othello: I wonder in my soul,

What you would ask me,that I should deny,

Or stand so mammering on.

What! Michael Cassio,

That came a-wooing with you,and so many a time,

When I have spoke of you dispraisingly,

Hath ta'en your part; to have so much to do

To bring him in! Trust me,I could do much,—

苔丝狄蒙娜

那么明天晚上吧;或者星期二早上,星期二中午,晚上,星期三早上,随您指定一个时间,可是不要超过三天以上。他对于自己的行为失检,的确非常悔恨;固然在这种战争的时期,听说必须惩办那最好的人物,给全军立个榜样,可是照我们平常的眼光看来,他的过失实在是微乎其微,不必受什么个人的处分。什么时候让他来?告诉我,奥赛罗。要是您有什么事情要求我,我想我决不会拒绝您,或是这样吞吞吐吐的。什么!迈克尔·凯西奥,您向我求婚的时候,是他陪着您来的;好多次我表示对您不满意的时候,他总是为您辩护;现在我请您把他重新叙用,却会这样为难!相信我,我可以——

DESDEMONA

O good Iago,What shall I do to win my lord again?

Good friend,go to him; for,by this light of heaven,

I know not how I lost him.

Here I kneel:

If e'er my will did trespass 'gainst his love,

Either in discourse of thought or actual deed,

Or that mine eyes,mine ears,or any sense,

Delighted them in any other form;

Or that I do not yet,and ever did.

And ever will—though he do shake me off

To beggarly divorcement—love him dearly,

Comfort forswear me!

Unkindness may do much;

And his unkindness may defeat my life,

But never taint my love.

I cannot say 'whore:' It does abhor me now

I speak the word;

To do the act that might the addition earn

Not the world's mass of vanity could make me.

苔丝狄蒙娜

好伊阿古啊,我应当怎样重新取得我的丈夫的欢心呢?好朋友,替我向他解释解释;因为凭着天上的太阳起誓,我实在不知道我怎么会失去他的宠爱。我对天下跪,要是在思想上、行动上,我曾经有意背弃他的爱情;要是我的眼睛、我的耳朵或是我的任何感觉,曾经对别人发生爱悦;要是我在过去、现在和将来,不是那样始终深深地爱着他,即使他把我弃如敝屣,也不因此而改变我对他的忠诚;要是我果然有那样的过失,愿我终身不能享受快乐的日子!无情可以给人重大的打击;他的无情也许会摧残我的生命,可是永不能毁坏我的爱情。我不愿提起“娼妇”两个字,一说到它就会使我心生憎恶,更不用说亲自去干那博得这种丑名的勾当了;整个世界的荣华也不能诱动我。

EMILIA

But I do think it is their husbands' faults

If wives do fall: say that they slack their duties,

And pour our treasures into foreign laps,

Or else break out in peevish jealousies,

Throwing restraint upon us; or say they strike us,

Or scant our former having in despite;

Why,we have galls,and though we have some grace,

Yet have we some revenge.

Let husbands know

Their wives have sense like them: they see and smell

And have their palates both for sweet and sour,

As husbands have.

What is it that they do

When they change us for others? Is it sport?

I think it is: and doth affection breed it?

I think it doth: is't frailty that thus errs?

It is so too: and have not we affections,

Desires for sport,and frailty,as men have?

Then let them use us well: else let them know,

The ills we do,their ills instruct us so.

爱米利娅

照我想来,妻子的堕落总是丈夫的过失;要是他们疏忽了自己的责任,把我们所珍爱的东西浪掷在外人的怀里,或是无缘无故吃起醋来,约束我们行动的自由,或是殴打我们,削减我们的花粉钱,我们也是有脾气的,虽然生就温柔的天性,到了一定的时候也是会复仇的。让做丈夫的人们知道,他们的妻子也和他们有同样的感觉:她们的眼睛也能辨别美恶,她们的鼻子也能辨别香臭,她们的舌头也能辨别甜酸,正像她们的丈夫们一样。他们厌弃了我们,另寻新欢,是为了什么缘故呢?是逢场作戏吗?我想是的。是因为爱情的驱使吗?我想也是的。还是因为喜新厌旧是人之常情呢?那也是一个理由。那么难道我们就不会对别人发生爱情,难道我们就没有逢场作戏的欲望,难道我们就不会喜新厌旧,跟男人们一样吗?所以让他们好好地对待我们吧;否则我们要让他们知道,我们所干的坏事都是出于他们的指教。