2.Important Conferences During World WarⅡ

During World WarⅡ，the availability of aircraft made frequent meetings possible between the leaders of the Allied countries.Some conferences were of great importance to leading the war to victory.In Aug.1941，Roosevelt and Churchill met at sea off Newfoundland.There they issued a joint statement，which became known as the Atlantic Charter.It outlined in general terms a set of principles to guide the Allies in their struggle against Nazism.The charter stated that neither the US nor the UK sought any kind of territorial expansion；that all people deserved to choose their own governments and live in freedom；that trade and raw materials should be freely available and that force should be abandoned as an instrument of international policy.In Cairo，on Nov.23，1943，Roosevelt and Churchill，on their way to Teheran，discussed Far Eastern strategy with Jiang Jieshi.They mapped out plans for the fighting against Japan until her unconditional surrender.In the post-war world Japan would be stripped of all territories it had conquered since 1914.The conference in Teheran，on Nov.28，1943，was the first meeting at which Roosevelt，Stalin and Churchill were all present.The second front was discussed in detail at the conference.In the fall of 1944，representatives of the US，Britain，the Soviet Union and China met at Dumbarton Oaks near Washington D.C.to work out a provisional charter for a world organization to maintain peace.At Yalta Conference in Feb.1945，Roosevelt，Churchill and Stalin agreed that a conference of all the United Nations should be called in San Francisco in April.This conference developed and adopted the official charter of the United Nations Organization.Fifty nations signed the UN Charter.In sharp contrast to the case after World WarⅠ，the US Senate，after a brief debate，ratified the UN Charter on July 28，1945.