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Men fish，play golf，watch football，play computer games.Women shop.But don't confuse that with having fun，says Germaine Greer—men may spend their free time relaxing，but for women it's just another form of work.

Women either don't do leisure，or they do free leisure，or at best cheap leisure，or they fail to perceive any difference between work and leisure.Ask what a woman's leisure activity is and you're apt to be told，“Shopping.”Shopping is grinding toil that women mistake for play.Men stand bemused as women trudge from shop to shop looking for something better or cheaper than another thing that is virtually identical，wondering why they didn't buy what they wanted at the first shop that had it in stock.Men don't understand that if you haven't Come close to dropping，then you haven't shopped.Men buy；women shop.

Most women would say that they have very little time to themselves.The time they don't spend working for the employer and the taxman they spend doing something called“housework，”to which，for most women between the ages of 25 and 50，may be added“childcare”.There is also the onerous task of body maintenance，keeping the otherwise disgusting female body clean，tidy，deodorized，made up，not to mention toned and becomingly clad，plus the exhausting，sometimes painful and expensive business of hair and hairiness management.Work，all of it.

There are powerful historical reasons for women's imperviousness to the demands of leisure.The typical world citizen—who is still female，illiterate and an unpaid family worker—knows only too well that if she is ever to be seen with her hands in her lap，a job will be found for her.In traditional societies，the high days and holidays on which menfolk are permitted to straighten their backs and put on clean clothes are the days on which the women have to work the hardest，smartening up the house and putting together giant meals.It is not so long ago that on Sundays，while rest of the family frolicked，the woman of the house had to cook and serve a three-course Sunday lunch and clean up after it.

Many women these days would like nothing better than the chance to serve soup，roast and pudding to the assembled family once a week.If they don't do it any more，it is less because they rebelled against such hard labour on everybody else's day of rest than because nowadays there isn't anybody around to eat the food they cook.Everybody else is out doing leisure.Has the woman of the house grabbed a kitbag and followed their example?Apparently not.Women don't go fishing.Women do play golf，but not many and not much.Women don't buy sports equipment or season tickets.Women don't buy sports cars，boats，jetskis，trailbikes，guns，crossbows...Women don't collect stamps，spot trains，buy music products.Women do use gyms，but not for fun.

If leisure is what you do when you are not working for a livelihood，then the women who were excluded from the paid workforce never had anything but leisure，but their leisure，as Thorstein Veblen explained，was vicarious leisure，its purpose to display for all to see the status of the man who owned them and could afford to let them sit about all day every day.Ladies of leisure were not permitted to enjoy their leisure.They couldn't go rambling about or fishing or playing cricket on the green or burying themselves in books.Instead，they had to fill their hours with useless，pointless，unproductive，repetitive work:beadwork，shellwork，tatting，making cut-paper patterns and silhouettes，japanning，plus what George Eliot called“a little ladylike tinkling and smearing”.For the affluent，housework used to be done by servants.Boiling up shirts and sheets，ironing，polishing floors and furniture，blacking grates and shining silver used to be heavy work.The lady of the middle-class house wasn't expected to break into a sweat.It was only when machines replaced maids that vicarious leisure could take the form of housework.

Occasionally some foolhardy academic tries to suggest that housework is a leisure pursuit，the paradigmatic“leisure industry”，which is one way of saying“keeping very busy doing nothing”.Women will not accept this version of their reality；they want us to believe that they hate and resent housework，but that“someone has to do it”.The people who make money out of this kind of leisure industry are multinationals like Unilever and Procter＆Gamble，and by manipulating women's insecurities they make unimaginably huge amounts of it.Currently，women are fighting a war on bacteria，nasty，deformed aliens who hide under toilet seats and on work surfaces.Where lazy boys play murderous videogames，diligent housewives deal out death and destruction to an equally fictitious enemy.The boys know they are playing；the women think they are working.

The men's leisure industry covets the trillions of dollars'profit made by Unilever and Procter＆Gamble.If it has seriously tried to entice women away from the housework and win back the money they splurge on homecare，there is no sign of its succeeding.Half of the population remains inaccessible to the leisure industry because of the fantasy war against filth，which requires the cleaning of a house already too clean.I have yet to see any ad appearing in a women's magazine saying，“Your house is clean enough.Come out and play!”In a current women's magazine，one advertisement shows a bare-chested hunk on a sunset beach holding what appears at first glance to be a boogie board.In fact it is an ironing board，and the advertisement challenges its readers，“Still finding excuses to keep your old ironing board?”The same magazine carries two advertisements for cars，one of which begins，“Slip behind the wheel of a new Ford Territory and you can relax in the knowledge that you're surrounded by a legion of safety features”—and proceeds to list them all.No suggestion that driving a car might be fun，in fact，nothing about the car's performance at all.

Women are not listening to the siren call of leisure.But it is also true that the leisure industry does not address itself to women.This may be simply because no female market exists，but an elderly market certainly exists and the leisure industry ignores that too，even though older people have more disposable inCome than younger people.The goods and services older people use are never characterized as such.The explanation is not simply that advertisers are ageist，but that senior citizens themselves are ageist.The greyest of nomads would not buy an RV that was advertised as ideal for grey nomads.

Older women，whether they play bingo or break out the camp stove，are heavily involved in leisure，but theirs is cut-price leisure.They are not in the market for recreational vehicles，or powerboats，or even motel accommodation.They are the people who make possible literary festivals and antique fairs，who support local art galleries and museums，who volunteer for every community chore，and happily raise money for what they believe to be good causes，giving，giving，giving of their time free.If we had a way of quantifying the output of the leisure industry of older women，we would probably see that it contributes vastly more to the GDP than the corporate leisure industry.

This article follows from Germaine Greer's speech at Permira Leisureland，a panel debate on the future of the leisure industry in the UK.

1.What is meant by saying“Men buy；women shop”?

2.What does“vicarious leisure”refer to?

3.Why“diligent housewives deal out death and destruction to an equally fictitious enemy”?

4.What does the writer analyze women's relationship with leisure?

5.“The greyest of nomads would not buy an RV that was advertised as ideal for grey nomads.”Discuss the meaning of this sentence.

World citizen:World citizen is a term with a variety of meanings，often referring to a person who disapproves of traditional geopolitical divisions derived from national citizenship.It is distinct from the concept of global citizenship.In a non-political definition，it has been suggested that a world citizen may provide value to society by using knowledge acquired across Cultural contexts.In its most obvious scenario，the savvy businessperson who has travelled the world would be able to use knowledge about resources and products found abroad to create business where value can be maximized.In another scenario，the savvy world citizen would leverage Cultural knowledge from his/her numerous trips to create bridges of knowledge，also creating value.

High days and holidays:类似于汉语的“逢年过节”。It refers to festivals and special occasions.

Thorstein Veblen:(1857-1929)U.S.economist.He grew up in Minnesota and earned a Ph.D.in philosophy from Yale University.Although he taught economics at the University of Chicago and other universities，he was unable to keep any position for long because of his unconventional ideas and the disorder in his personal life.In 1899 he published his classic work The Theory of the Leisure Class，which applied Darwin's evolutionary theories to the study of modern economic life，highlighting the competitive and predatory nature of the business world.With dry humour he identified the markers of American social class，and he coined the term“conspicuous consumption”to describe the display of wealth made by the upper class.His reputation was highest in the 1930s，when the Great Depression was seen as a vindication of his criticism of the business system.

George Eliot:(1819-1880)British novelist.Eliot was raised with a strong evangelical piety but broke with religious orthodoxy in her 20s.She worked as a translator，a critic，and a subeditor of the Westminster Review(1851-1854).Later she turned to fiction.Adopting a masculine pseudonym to evade prejudice against women novelists，she first brought out Scenes of Clerical Life(1858).This was followed by such classic works as Adam Bede(1859)，The Mill on the Floss(1860)，Silas Marner(1861)，Romola(1862-1863)，Felix Holt，the Radical(1866)，and Daniel Deronda(1876).Her masterpiece，Middlemarch(1871-1872)，provides a thorough study of every class of provincial society.The method of psychological analysis she developed would beCome characteristic of modern fiction.With the journalist，philosopher，and critic George Henry Lewes(1817-1878)，a married man，she enjoyed a long and happy，though scandalous，liaison；their Sunday-afternoon salons were a brilliant feature of Victorian life.

“a little ladylike tinkling and smearing”:The Victorian notion that women's participation in the public world is be confined to“tinkling”(embroidery)and“smearing”(painting).

Unilever:Either of two linked companies，Unilever PLC(based in London)and Unilever NV(based in Rotterdam).They are the holding companies for more than 500 firms worldwide that manufacture and sell soaps，foods，and other products.The modern Unilever was established in 1929 as an association between the British manufacturer Lever Bros.and several other European soap and margarine manufacturers.Today most Unilever sales are in household products，including soaps and detergents，margarines，cooking fats，dairy products，toiletries，and packaged and processed foods.The group also produces paper and plastic products，industrial chemicals，and animal feeds.Unilever is a multinational corporation，formed of British and Dutch parentage，that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods，beverages，cleaning agents and personal care products.Unilever employed 174，000 people and had a worldwide revenue of40.5 billion in 2008.

Procter＆Gamble:The Procter＆Gamble Company(P＆G)boasts boatloads of brands.The world's#1 maker of household products courts market share and billion-dollar names.It's divided into three global units:health and well being，beauty，and household care.The company also makes pet food and water filters and produces soap operas.Some 25 of P＆G's brands are billion-dollar sellers，including Fusion，Always/ Whisper，Braun，Bounty，Charmin，Crest，Downy/Lenor，Gillette，Iams，Olay，Pampers，Pantene，Pringles，Tide，and Wella，among others.P＆G shed its coffee brands in late 2008.Being the acquisitive type，with Clairol and Wella as notable conquests，P＆G's biggest buy in company history was Gillette in late 2005.

Siren call:The enticing appeal of something alluring but potentially dangerous.In Greek mythology，Siren was a creature，half bird and half woman，who lures sailors to their doom with her sweet singing.Homer placed Sirens near the rocks of Scylla；in the Odyssey，Odysseus has his men plug their ears with wax and has himself tied to his ship's mast so he can hear the Sirens'singing without endangering the ship.In one tale of Jason and the Argonauts，Orpheus sings so sweetly that the crew do not listen to the Sirens.According to later legend，the Sirens committed suicide after one or the other of those failures.

Disposable inCome:Portion of an individual's inCome over which the recipient has complete discretion.To assess disposable inCome，it is necessary to determine total inCome，including not only wages and salaries，interest and dividend payments，and business profits，but also transfer inCome such as social-security benefits，pensions，and alimony.Obligatory payments，including personal inCome taxes and compulsory social-insurance contributions，must be subtracted.Disposable inCome may be used for consumption or saving.

Ageist:Ageism refers to the stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age.It is a set of beliefs，attitudes，norms，and values used to justify age based prejudice and discrimination.Among them were prejudicial attitudes towards older people，old age，and the aging process；discriminatory practices against older people；and institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes about older people.The term has also been used to describe prejudice and discrimination against teens and children，including ignoring their ideas because they are too young，or assuming that they should behave in certain ways because of their age.

RV:It stands for recreational vehicle.An RV is a van which is equipped with such things as beds and cooking equipment，so that people can live in it，usually while they are on holiday.

Bingo:Game of chance played with cards having a grid of numbered squares corresponding to numbered balls drawn at random.When a number on the card is drawn，the players cover that number(should they have it)；the game is won by covering a certain number of squares in a row(vertically，horizontally，or diagonally).Cards are purchased and proceeds are placed into a common“pot”；winning cards are awarded a portion of the pot.Wildly popular in the mid-20th century，bingo has in recent decades suffered a decline in America but has increased in popularity in other parts of the world.The earliest name for bingo—lotto—was recorded in Britain in 1776；the game is sometimes called Kene in the U.S.

Leisure:休闲。英文“Leisure”一词来源于法语，法语又来源于希腊语和拉丁语。在希腊语中“休闲”为“Skole”，拉丁语为“scola”，意为休闲和教育，认为发展娱乐，从中得益，并与文化水平的提高相辅相成。这种精华含义以一定的受教育程度为前提，至今还存在，并把有社会价值的娱乐区别于其他娱乐。可见英文中“Leisure”休息的成分很少，消遣的成分也不大，主要是指“必要劳动之余的自我发展”。表明了“休闲”一词所具有的独特的文化精神底蕴。“在拉丁语中，我们同样能找到这种排斥关系，因为，otium(休闲、闲逸)的反义为neg-otium(字面意为事务、商业、劳动)。”Leisure or free time，is a period of time spent out of work and essential domestic activity.It is also the period of recreational and discretionary time before or after compulsory activities such as eating and sleeping，going to work or running a business，attending school and doing homework，household chores，and day-to-day stress.The distinction between leisure and compulsory activities is loosely applied，i.e.people sometimes do work-oriented tasks for pleasure as well as for long-term utility.

Three criteria for defining leisure:a)The experience is a state of mind.b)It must be entered into voluntarily.c)It must be intrinsically motivating of its own merit.There are two types of leisure:1)Active leisure activities involve the exertion of physical or mental energy.Lowimpact physical activities include walking and yoga，which expend little energy and have little contact or competition.High-impact activities such as kick-boxing and football consume much energy and are competitive.Some active leisure activities involve almost no physical activity，but do require a substantial mental effort，such as playing chess or painting a picture.Active leisure and recreation overlap significantly.2)Passive leisure activities are those in which a person does not exert any significant physical or mental energy，such as going to the cinema，watching television，or gambling on slot machines.Some leisure experts discourage these types of leisure activity，on the grounds that they do not provide the benefits offered by active leisure activities.For example，acting in a community drama(an active leisure activity)could build a person's skills or self-confidence.Nevertheless，passive leisure activities are a good way of relaxing for many people.

http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/columnists/892856/and-anotherthing.thtml

新闻文章中的双层标题。我们所接触的新闻标题有不少是双层标题，即主标题与副标题，且副标题往往都长于主标题。如前面读过的:

The Historian Lisa Hilton Is Dismayed by the Government's Latest Proposals for the Teaching of History in Which the Understanding of Complex Narrative Will Be Marginalized仅读主标题读者未必能知其真正含义，尤其是对于那些采用了一定修辞手段的标题，如引典、双关、押韵等。而此时，若再读副标题，其意义也许便知其一二了。例1副标题清楚地告诉我们如何从他国的教育获得经验。而例2的主标题会对一名不熟知Aldous Huxley杰作Brave New World《美丽新世界》中人物的读者不知所云，而其副标题则清楚地告诉读者本文对政府在学校历史课程的简单教学政策颇有异议。

因此，这种双层标题，一主一副，相互补充，即迅速吸引读者，又精练交代内容，准确反映文章基调。细分下来，双层标题中主标题主要功能是引唤读者兴趣和介绍核心内容；副标题主要功能则是解释说明、补充细节和引发读者思考。

Ⅰ.According to the article，determine which statements are true and which are false.

1.Women often buy identical but more expensive items.

2.Women work for the employer，taxmen，do housework or do body maintenance.

3.Traditionally women had to work the hardest during high days and holidays.

4.Women have far fewer leisure games than men.

5.P＆G makes huge profits by taking advantage of heavy housework assigned to women.

1.According to the article，women's body maintenance takes care of________.

A.body odor

B.makeup

C.dress

D.all of the above

2.Which of the following characterizes“the typical world citizen”in this article?

A.Unpaid family worker.

B.Female.

C.Not educated.

D.All of the above.

3.The reason why many women don't cook the large weekend dinner is probably that________.

A.nobody is around to eat the food

B.others are out doing leisure

C.both A and B

D.neither A nor B

4.In the article，the writer uses several interesting terms to refer to the cleaning of a house.They include the following except________.

A.boogie board

B.death and destruction to an equally fictitious enemy

C.nasty aliens who hide under toilet seats

D.fantasy war against filth

5.From this article，we may decide that Ford Territory is a(n)________.

A.car

B.place name where Ford lives

C.safety device

D.ironing board