全屏显示专题章节

2007年的全球经济危机给全球经济造成了重创。直至今日，这场经济海啸仍让人不寒而栗。作为出口大国，“中国制造”四个字已出现在全球很多角落，这个事实曾一度让国人自豪。但是，正由于在中国经济中出口占了很大比例，在这场“战争”中，中国经受了切肤之痛。除去金融海啸，各种针对我国出口的贸易壁垒也层出不穷。经济界风头正劲的人和事，到底有哪些？经济贸易涵盖范围如此辽阔，本章罗列了一些相关话题，让我们一起来“管中窥豹”。

1. The Sino-U.S. trade frictions have further increased.

中美贸易摩擦又加剧了。

2. Why do the Americans launch the investigations into allegations of China dumping goods?

这些美国人为什么要发起对中国倾销商品的指控呢？

3. Just consider the fact that many entrepreneurs can’t go on with their company, leaving them with no choice but to switch to a new industry.

只要想想，那些没能力继续经营公司的创业者们，只能投身新产业，没有别的什么余地了。

4. This is due to the bleak future for China’s export.

这是基于中国出口前景惨淡。

5. Productivity has been rising rapidly in China, but the increases have slowed down in recent years.

中国企业的生产力迅速提高，但近年来已经有所下降了。

1. In what way can we contribute to the transformation of economic growth patterns?

如何促进中国经济增长方式转型？

—Boost domestic consumption instead of export.

鼓励国内消费，而不是只集中于出口。

2. What are the main differences between international trade and domestic trade?

国际贸易和国内贸易有什么区别？

—International trade is typically more costly than domestic trade because crossing a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs.

国际贸易比国内贸易成本更高，因为跨越边界会产生额外成本，如关税。

3. What are the characteristics of wholly owned foreign enterprises?

全外资企业有什么特点？

—It’s a limited liability company, the establishment of which is governed by the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China.

外资企业是股份有限公司，是基于中华人民共和国公司法所建立的。

A: You got any pay check recently, Dave?

A: 大卫，你最近有没有拿过薪水？

B: Yeah, you wish. The whole industry’s going through an economic crisis.

B: 做梦哪你。整个行业都还陷在经济危机中。

A: Well, better late than never. But what’s this subprime mortgage crisis exactly? Why is it affecting us that much?

A: 哈，晚发总比不发好。不过这个次贷危机到底是什么呢？为什么它影响我们的程度这么深？

B: It includes a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets lose a large part of their value.

B: 它其实指很多情况，诸如一些金融机构或产品大量失去原来价值的时候。

A: Is it true that many of them are associated with banking panics?

A: 是不是很多金融危机都会与银行危机相关？

B: True enough. Other situations include stock market crashes, bursting of industrial bubbles, currency crises, and sovereign defaults.

B: 正解。其他情景包括股市大震荡、行业泡沫破灭、货币危机，还包括国家治理危机。

A: Damn, banking crisis! The bank run designates a time when a bank suffers a sudden rush of withdrawals by depositors.

A: 见鬼，银行危机！银行挤兑指的就是存款突如其来要求大量收回资金。

B: Yes, that’s it. A run may leave the bank in bankruptcy, causing many depositors to lose their savings unless they are covered by deposit insurance.

B: 是的，正是如此。挤兑可能会导致银行破产，这样一来很多存款人的储蓄就会蒸发，除非他们有存款保险。

A: There’s another situation without widespread bank runs.Banks are reluctant to lend, because they have worries that they don’t have sufficient funds available. In other words, this is a credit crunch.

A: 还有一种情况，这种情况下倒是没有出现大面积的银行挤兑。出于担心没有足够可利用的资金，银行不愿向外借贷。用其他话来说，这叫做信贷紧缩。

B: The factors contributing to the crisis have always baffled me.

B: 真正导致危机的原因我一直搞不明白。

A: Asset-liability mismatch, of course. And leverage.

A: 当然是资产负债不匹配了。还有杠杆作用。

B: Don’t forget that many analyses of financial crises emphasize the role of investment mistakes caused by a lack of knowledge, or the imperfections of human reasoning.

B: 别忘了很多对金融危机的分析都表明，由于缺少见解，推导不够而导致的投资失误也对导致金融危机起了重要作用。

A: Ah, we trust them with our money but they just handle it like dust?

A: 啊，我们相信他们才把钱存进银行，他们却把我们的钱花得跟一文不值似的？

B: Yep, that’s what they do.

B: 对，他们就干这行。

1. go through 参加，经过，熬过

［例］ He’s now going through a mental collapse.

他现在正在经受精神崩溃这个过程。

2. imperfections 缺陷，失误

［例］ It is our duty to devote ourselves into universal values to correct imperfections.

投身普世价值来弥补我们的不足是我们的责任。

A: Hey, did you hear? The big news on Channel 1?

A: 嗨，1台的大新闻看到没？

B: What? The United Nations Department of Commerce ruled that the China-made whitening agent’s involved in dumping?

B: 什么新闻？美国商务部作出裁决认为中国产化学增白剂存在倾销行为？

A: Yeah, totally. What else? The Sino-U.S. trade frictions have further increased.

A: 是啊，不然还能是什么呢？中美贸易摩擦又加剧了。

B: What is dumping exactly?

B: 倾销到底指的是什么呢？

A: Dumping occurs when a foreign producer sells a product in the United States at a price that is below that producer’s sales price in the country of origin (“home market”), or at a price that is lower than the cost of production.

A: 倾销是指生产商将产品在美国的定价比在原产国（国内市场）低，或者说定价低于生产成本。

B: So the price difference between the foreign market and domestic market is called the dumping margin? Unless the conduct falls within the legal definition of dumping as specified in U.S. law, a foreign producer selling imports at low prices is not necessarily dumping.

B: 所以说，外国市场与美国市场的差价就可以被称为倾销差额？除非厂商的行为完全符合美国法律对于倾销的定义，否则，外国销售商在美国市场定价较低这种行为是不能被视为倾销的。

A: That brings our focus back to the topic. Why do the Americans launch the investigations into allegations of China dumping goods?

A: 这就让我们回到原来的话题了。这些美国人为什么要发起对中国倾销商品的指控呢？

B: They have always refused to recognize China’s market economy status, the real reason of which is trade protectionism.

B: 他们向来都拒绝承认中国的市场经济地位，这种行为真正的原因其实是贸易保护主义。

A: Whatever. We should protect our own interests with legal weapon within the framework of the World Trade Organization.

A: 唉，随他去了。我们也应该在世界贸易组织框架下用法律武器保护自己的合法权益。

B: And more, speed up the industry transformation, product upgrading, and move up the industry chain.

B: 还有，加快产业转型，产品升级，从产业链低端向产业链高端转变。

1. friction 摩擦，摩擦力

［例］ There’re potential sources of friction between 2 great powers.

在两个大国之间有很多潜在的摩擦隐患。

［例］ They decided to launch a Mars project.

他们决定要发起一个火星计划。

A: Huge congratulations, man! Heard you nailed McKinsey!

A: 恭喜恭喜！听说你连麦肯锡也随随便便就搞定啦！

B: Ric, stop it. We are all just beginners, okay?

B: 瑞克快别说啦！我们都只是初学者，好不好？

A: Hey, I say, why don’t you elaborate me with some basic information on consulting firms? I would like to get into one when time’s ripe.

A: 嗨，我说，干脆你给我普及点咨询公司的信息呗，等到时候了我也跳个槽。

B: Management consulting generally refers to the industry of helping organizations to better their performance, primarily through the analysis of existing organizational problems and development of plans for improvement.

B: 一般说来，咨询公司指那些帮助机构提高业绩的公司，主要通过分析现行管理制度中的问题，制订发展计划来实现的。

A: I see. As a result of their exposure to numerous different industries and organizations, consulting firms are also said to be aware of the respective industry’s “best practice”.

A: 明白了。由于他们与众多行业和机构都有着各种关系，咨询公司理论上说知道这个相关行业的最优方法。

B: But it should also be noted that the transferability of such practices from one organization to another may be limited by the specific nature of the mentioned situation.

B: 但是也要注意，出于所提场景的特殊性，把一个同样的方法从一个公司移植到另一个公司的可行性仍需商榷。

A: What else do they cover?

A: 除此之外，咨询公司还做些什么呢？

B: Well, consultants can function as bridges for information and knowledge, and external consults can provide these bridging services more economically than the client corporations do.

B: 嗯，顾问可以作为信息和知识的桥梁。外部咨询提供这些信息花的成本比顾客自己寻找要低。

A: Right. Has McKinsey’s long-term director once mentioned that the benefits of a consultant’s externality?

A: 对了，麦肯锡的常务董事是不是还提过顾问的外部效应？

B: Totally. They have varied experience outside the client company.

B: 绝对。顾问有丰富的行业经验，不仅限于顾客公司。

A: What about the firm structure?

A: 公司架构怎么样呢？

B: Many consulting firms are organized in a matrix structure. One“axis” describes a business function or type of consulting, such as strategy, leadership, and talent management. The other is about industry focus, such as oil and gas, retail, etc.

B: 很多咨询公司都是矩阵结构的。其中一根轴心是关于它们的一种商务服务或咨询类型，诸如战略咨询，领导力咨询，和人才管理咨询。另外一种是基于行业重心，比如石油天然气行业，零售行业等等。

A: Always can’t hear enough from you, man.

A: 老兄，从你这儿从来都听不够啊。

B: Thanks. I’ll take that as a compliment.

B: 谢了。我就当你是夸我了。

1. nail ［俚］轻松搞定

［例］ Thomas said you totally nailed the situation just now!

托马斯说刚刚你完全把场面控制住了！

2. compliment 夸奖

［例］ Genuine compliments never come easy.

真心的夸奖是很难的。

A: Rebecca, you know, there’ve been enormous predictions for China’s economy situation in 2013.

A: 瑞贝卡，你知道吗，对于中国在2013年的经济局势，各方猜测可多呢。

B: Yeah, read that. Some say the base scenario of GDP growth at approximately 7.5% has the probability of50%. A quarter of the critics say that economy might grow at a higher rate of 8.5%.

B: 是啊，看到那文章了。有些人说，国内生产总值增长率基本保持在7.5%左右，这种说法的可能性为50%。另有四分之一的评论人说经济增长率可能更高，达到8.5%左右。

A: Can’t be that bad. It’s predicated that the debt crisis will, to some extent, be controlled. And double dip won’t occur in the developed economies, relieving the inflationary pressure of their developing counterparts.

A: 情况不会这么糟糕吧。据推测，债务危机在一定程度上会得到缓解，发达国家中不会出现二次衰退，这样，发展中经济体的通胀压力就会得到一定缓解。

B: What are possibly the moves of the government?

B: 政府打算采取什么措施？

A: Our government focuses more on the stable growth of economy, promoting a proactive fiscal policy and steady monetary policy.

A: 政府更注重经济稳定增长，实行积极财政政策和稳健的货币政策。

B: But our measures alone won’t make any difference. The past year has been swarmed by economic turmoil. The international economy has entered the new phase of institutional revolution.

B: 不过只靠我们的措施肯定是没用的。过去一年根本就是经济领域风云激荡的一年。国际经济进入了制度变革的新阶段。

A: The developing countries should amend their status of over debt, as well as institutional defects of over consumption, making their contribution to the development of the world economy.

A: 发展中国家需要修正过度负债的状态，还有过度消费的制度性缺陷，为世界经济的发展作出自己的贡献。

B: Yeah, they surely should.

B: 是啊，他们绝对得这么做。

1. prediction 猜测

［例］ Another finding is a prediction that by 2030, tobacco will cause 10% of all deaths worldwide.

另一个发现是，据预测，到2030年，全世界死亡中10%是由吸烟造成的。

2. move 措施，舞步，手段

［例］ What’s your move of getting that girl?

你要追那女孩儿，有什么招吗？

A: The government has been talking about boosting domestic consumer confidence over and over.

A: 政府老是提增强国内消费者信心。

B: This is due to the bleak future for China’s export. It’s common sense that those high growth rates can’t continue forever. And tremendous efforts are needed to nail down the factors that would constrain future export growth.

B: 这是因为中国出口前景惨淡啊。高增长率不可能一直持续，这是常识。为明确那些可能对中国出口增长造成压力的因素，必须采取诸多措施。

A: But, there’re precedents for the rise of a new manufacturing force. Japan’s share of world exports peaked around 10%. China hasn’t reached that level, but it’s a possible scenario that it eventually achieves a market share of around 20%.

A: 但是，作为新的制造业大国，崛起是有先例的。日本占世界出口最高曾达到10%。中国还没有达到那个水平，但有可能它占世界市场份额会达到20%。

B: Yeah! But what you overlook here is that getting to that level requires some heroic assumptions that are unlikely to be achieved. For example, to gain more market share, China will have to cut prices.

B: 是啊，不过这里你还忽略了一点，如果要到达那个水平，中国还要达到很多要求，这都是难以实现的。比如，如果要增加市场份额，中国企业就得降低价格。

B: To cut prices requires its manufacturers to become either more efficient, accept lower profits, or extract higher subsidies from the government.

B: 要降低价格，就要求中国制造商要么提高效率，要么接受更低的利润，或者要么从政府手中索取更高的补贴。

A: Yeah, that part I understand. Productivity has been rising rapidly in China, but the increases have slowed down in recent years.

A: 啊，这么一说我理解了。中国企业的生产力迅速提高，但近年来已经有所下降了。

B: Read more articles, and you’ll grasp a full idea.

B: 多读点文章，你就会有个全面的想法了。

1. boost 增强，刺激，促进

［例］ Our priority is to boost the economy with great incentives.

我们首要责任就是要以激励方案刺激经济。

［例］ You really should go over the documents again in case you overlooked something.

你得把文件重新看一遍，以免遗漏什么信息。

经济和贸易是人一生离不开的话题。买东西，卖东西，满足人最基本的需求都离不开这两个方面。与经济和贸易有关的各个方面，又有哪些词汇呢？让我们一起来看。