Ⅲ 翻译练习
（I）技巧练习
将下列句子翻译成中文。
1.When the light waves strike the earth,part of their energy changes back to heat again.
2.If a piece of steel is put in a strong magnetic field,it becomes a permanent magnet.
3.Only when nuclear power becomes extremely cheap,would electrolytic hydrogen be a very promising fuel.
4.There are more atoms in a glass of water than there are glasses of water in all the seas of the world.
5.A satellite must accelerate so that when it starts going around the earth it may go fast enough to balance the force of gravity.
6.All gases at 0 ℃ are found to gain 1 part in 273 of their volume when heated to 1 ℃,so long as the pressure is maintained constant.
7.It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will supply the necessary calories together with protein,fat and mineral requirements,if certain accessory food factors,the vitamins,are absent from the diet.
8.As the science of gene expression grows,we may be able to create genes that can turn themselves off after they have gone through a certain number of cell divisions or after the gene has produced a certain amount of the desired product.
9.The ability of a surface to radiate energy is governed by the material of which the surface is composed and its physical condition.
10.The limits within which the term elastomer can be applied are not well defined.
（II）语篇翻译练习
There is a new methodology of practicing fitness called “evidence-based fitness”.This new paradigm in fitness is gaining traction as a result of the current trend in medicine to use evidence-based methods.Basically,the practice of evidence-based fitness means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.In other words,take the best scientific evidence and apply it not to large groups of people,but to individual clients.Most fitness professionals depend on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescription for clients and members.Designing exercise prescription on antiquated formulas and the “one size fits all” ideology are fraught with error and dangerous not only for the healthy member,but especially for those “at risk”.With the increasing number of at-risk individuals joining fitness centers,using the evidence-based methods should be a nobrainer.Everyone is different,so dispensing generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals will not produce optimal results.
Several factors are contributing to the use of evidence-based practice in the fitness industry.One is that hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue due to changes in state and federal regulations,and they are looking outside their traditional model of sick care for reimbursement strategies.They are attempting to capitalize on what more than 15,000 fitness centers across the U.S.already know: Fitness/Wellness is a prosperous industry.According to the annual report published by the Medical Fitness Association (MFA),there are an estimated 875 hospital-associated fitness centers currently in the United States and Canada.They have seen an average growth of 12 percent annually since 1985.MFA predictions estimate more than 1,150 centers by 2010.Obviously,hospitals use the evidence-based model for patient care,and when they become more involved in the fitness industry,they will incorporate this methodology into the operation of their fitness facilities.
One benefit of evidence-based fitness includes improved quality of member and client care.With a systematic and progressive approach based on independent clinical research,an appropriate periodized prescription can be formulated,progressing the client on an individualized,safe and guided course of improved health.
Evidence-based practice requires that the professionals evaluate each clients individually,review the literature and find the best method to approach fitness needs.It is no longer acceptable to use a cookie cutter approach to clients’ health and fitness.Through critical thinking and evaluation of the literature,the professional is able to apply up-to-date and valid interventions.
One of the driving motives of the industry to incorporate evidence-based practice is third party reimbursement.Typically,health insurance companies will not reimburse for service unless they have proof the intervention was safe and effective in improving the health of their insured.
A variety of software products are designed to aggregate information and assist in the formulation of exercise prescriptions,health-risk identification and collection of exercise data.When selecting software to manage the evidence-based fitness program,the key is innovative solutions and ease of use.In what language is the software written? Does it interfere with other software packages,such as Windows? Can it link to other programs that may operate within your facility? You can link multiple packages together,including hospital databases,to capture data,share it between facilities,and achieve more efficient communication with members,patients and physicians.It is within the realm of current operations to have a medical provider pull a member’s attendance,exercise prescription and adherence (heart rate,reps,weight lifted,weight loss,frequency of visits,etc.) while the member/patient is in the physician’s office.The real power of the software comes from the relationships it can build,and customizing the modules to meet the demands of today and in the future.
Additionally,you must aggregate adequate demographic information.Fortunately,several companies in Finland and at least one in Italy recognized the necessity to collect,store and provide population-specific comparisons relative to health history,and cardiovascular and metabolic parameters.With the assistance of software and hardware,it is possible to create a member profile or specific populations within the membership for the purpose of comparing existing normative data and developing an individualized exercise prescription.
No matter what their fitness level or goals,members must exercise at the proper intensity—not too hard,not too easy.The only way to correctly gauge intensity level while exercising is to physiologically test the clients,get their appropriate thresholds and monitor their heart rate.The most efficient and accurate way to do that is for them to wear a heart rate monitor during workouts.The technology currently exists to up/download critical data for analysis,comparison,storage and transmission.Additional technology is available to conduct a metabolic test and automatically upload the monitor with the appropriate values to calculate the appropriate training zones.It is also possible to monitor up to 30 individual heart rates within a radius of 100 yards on a laptop.Think of the practical use in circuit training,group cycling and special population programming.Appropriate heart rates are identified,the workout is performed and the data is stored.Ah,the science of success!
On the strength side of the equation,computerized systems exist that attach directly to new or existing equipment (some is proprietary and others work with any equipment),adding an “intelligent” dimension to the workout experience.
The volume of clinical knowledge has expanded exponentially over the past 40 years.More than 150,000 medial articles are published each month,and there are more than 20,000 biomedical journals—leaving many of us struggling to stay current with contemporary practice and research in our chosen fields.The key to successful evidence-based fitness is to translate quality improvement strategies into powerful and effective action.This takes planning,implementation and measuring the effectiveness of the evidence-based fitness programs within the facility.
It is incumbent upon the professional and the organization to implement evidence-based fitness to ensure the health and prosperity of their members,and secure their success in the industry.Fortunately,technology is keeping speed with the advances in healthcare and,in many scenarios,driving them.(1,003 words)