Ⅲ　翻译练习

（I）技巧练习

将下列句子翻译成中文。

1.During the design and manufacture of an aircraft,great attention is paid to detailed aspects of the design,as well as overall considerations.

2.Protein,carbohydrates,fats are grouped together and called organic nutrients.

3.Steel and its alloys will still be taken as the leading materials in industry for a long time to come.

4.If water is heated,the molecules move more quickly.

5.Because of this,applications such as high-temperature wires,heat sinks,and continuous casting mold are foreseen.

6.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.

7.The degree of water pollution can be detected with the apparatus newly invented.

8.When a leaf is looked at under a microscope,it is seen to have thousands of little breathing pores.

9.In addition to these heat treatments and strict inspections,the steel case must be effectively protected against corrosion.

10.Different stars may be seen rising into view at different times of the year.

11.It was thought at one time that compound of carbon were only produced in living organisms.

12.It has been found that some variations can be passed on from one generation to another and that others cannot.

13.It is estimated that the human eye can distinguish 10 million different shades of colors.

14.It is claimed that this natural organic compound can be synthesized by artificial process.

15.It is believed that three-phase current should be used for large motors.

（II）篇章翻译练习

From the moment Neil Armstrong planted his boot on the moon,we have felt well acquainted with the place.It’s cold,cratered,dusty and sterile.What else is there to know?

Plenty,actually.So far,astronauts have visited only the relatively barren lunar equator—the moonscape of our imagination—and when Armstrong first landed on the surface back in the headstrong,computer-weak Apollo era,many of today’s detailed reconnaissance technologies didn’t even exist.So,scientists still don’t know much about the moon’s water-ice stores or its mineral composition or the variances in its gravitational field.No one has ever even seen the shaded regions at moon’s poles.

That should change this fall when NASA launches its Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter(LRO),a $491 million mission that will provide the definitive moon,finally enabling scientists to discuss it with the same level of detail as,say,Saturn or Mars.LRO will gather measurements from a low orbit of about 39 miles (50 kilometers) for a full year.The orbiter’s camera will zoom in up to three times closer than the one-meter-resolution imaging from the 1970s (which was roughly as close as you can get to your backyard today on Google Earth).Researchers will compare LRO’s images with the reams of on-the-ground pictures taken from astronauts’ rover-based journeys around the moon.It will also study the Apollo 11 landing site,meaning that we might actually get another look at humankind’s most famed footprint,nearly four decades later.LRO may in fact turn out to be an Apollo buff’s dream: the orbiter will collect detailed images of every Apollo landing site,not for nostalgia but as part of a thorough search for landscape changes that could reveal how much space debris has walloped each site since the astronauts were last there.“We have no other place in the universe where we can compare [what it looked like] 40 years ago with what it looks like now,at almost the same resolution,” says Jim Garvin,chief scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center and one of the space agency’s earliest LRO proponents.

From a navigation standpoint,LRO’s biggest challenge will be maintaining its lowaltitude orbit.The moon has no atmosphere,meaning there’s no buffer against its irregular gravitational field,which will hurtle the low-flying spacecraft into unexpected dips and rises.“It’s lumpy from the moon’s mass concentrations,” says Craig Tooley,LRO project manager.“That means as you travel around,you have to tune your orbit.” If the orbit isn’t properly tuned,he says,“you’re at mountaintop level and you’ll crash.” There are other hazards too.LRO’s instruments could either freeze or burn,since the moon’s shaded regions are bitter cold (at least—279 degrees F) while the sunlit side is scorching hot (about 265 degrees F).Adapting the instruments to survive the extreme swings in temperature has proven a major design challenge.

Part of that difficulty stems from the mission’s tight time frame,driven by President Bush’s call to land humans on the moon by 2020.By LRO’s scheduled launch this fall,it will have been a mere four years since the mission was dreamed up on lunchtime napkin scribbles—fast by interplanetary exploration standards.So,scientists have had to improvise: the spacecraft borrows designs from solar science missions and the infrared James Webb Space Telescope (slated to launch in 2013),while the instruments use elements from heritage equipment used on several Mars missions.To meet the fall launch deadline,Goddard engineers are building the spacecraft two shifts a day,six to seven days a week.

When LRO reaches the moon,it will have plenty of company,joining Japan’s Kaguya,China’s Chang’e,and India’s Chandrayaan-1 (scheduled for launch this spring).“It’s like the Oklahoma land rush,” Garvin says.“The moon is doable,it’s profound,and it’s a catalyst for national technological pride by any country that goes.”

That’s a far cry from the old us-or-them space race mentality,and hopefully LRO’s images will be equally distinct from the dusty moonspace we thought we knew so well.The next time we see Armstrong’s boot print,we’ll know it really was just one small step into a giant new world.(694 words)