全屏显示专题章节

1.Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere,with its center roughly thirty miles above the ground.

2.An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.

3.On earth，where fog or rain would interfere with transmission,lasers would have to be beamed through evacuated pipelines to prevent power loss.

4.The tendency of a body to continue in motion is clear to one who observes that an automobile or a train moves for some distance even when brakes are used to check this motion.

5.The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.

6.The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.

7.Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.

8.A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

9.The knowledge of this nuclear fission process has made it possible to use uranium as fuel to obtain nuclear energy.

10.Air that is cooled suddenly shrinks as some of the moisture is squeezed out,and clouds are formed.

（II）语篇翻译练习

Fish currently supply the greatest percentage of the world’s protein consumed by humans.This fact may soon change,however,given that most of the world’s major fisheries are being fished at levels above their maximum sustainable yield and many regions are severely overfished.More than 70% of the world’s fisheries are overexploited,which threatens the health,economy,and livelihoods of communities all over the world.The global fishing fleet is estimated to be 250% larger than needed to catch what the ocean can sustainable produce.There are a number of issues that need to be addressed quickly in order to preserve fish stocks as a natural resource.These include among others:

Overfishing,formally defined as “situations where one or more fish stocks are reduced below predefined levels of acceptance by fishing activities”,means that fish stocks are depleted to the point where they may not be able to recover.Areas such as the eastern coast of Canada and the northeastern coast of the U.S.have fished certain species to collapse,which consequently caused the fishing communities that relied on those stocks to collapse.

In some cases,depleted fish stocks have been restored; however,this is only possible when the species’ ecosystem remains intact.If the species depletion causes an imbalance in the ecosystem,not only is it difficult for the depleted stocks to return to sustainable levels,other species dependent on the depleted stocks may become imbalanced,causing further problems.

Access agreement through government deals are helping fisheries in developing nations negotiate better agreements with rich countries that will help protect the marine environment and livelihoods of fishing communities.These local people rely on fish to sustain their health and their livelihoods.

Foreign fishing fleets of enormous size and power from rich countries can overwhelm local people and deplete the fish stocks,causing further harm to the marine environment by disrupting the food chain.The more fish stocks become overexploited,the more fisheries must search for productive waters which are then quickly depleted.

The seafood industry,like all industries,is largely market driven.Seafood consumers are increasingly aware of the threats to global fish stocks,yet greater awareness is needed so that the market demands sustainable products from well-managed fisheries.Some retail outlets are committed to preserving the ocean’s resources by raising awareness and selling only products of well-managed fisheries.Organizations such as the WWF have worked with corporations such as Unilever,one of the world’s largest consumer food companies,to form the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC),which provides a mechanism for identifying and certifying sustainable fisheries.

An independent,global charity,the MSC is headquartered in London and works to promote sustainable marine fisheries,and responsible,environmentally appropriate,socially beneficial and economically viable fishing practices.This is accomplished by the development of a set of standards,the MSC Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Fishing,to assess and certify fisheries.These standards are based on scientific data and were developed with relevant stakeholders.Third-party certifiers are used to assess MSC certified products.The MSC “seal of approval” allows consumers to purchase fish and other seafood from well-managed sources.

2.Inadequate conservation and management practices

The ocean seems invulnerable because it is vast and under-explored; however,it is increasingly important to know that its resources are finite,and depletion of these resources beyond sustainable levels is irreversible.Overfishing not only causes depletion in individual fish stocks,but also disruption to entire ecosystems and food webs in the ocean.Management of these ecosystems as a whole is needed to ensure the sustainability of commercial fish stocks.

The European Union has established a European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) that seeks to prevent overfishing by better management of fisheries and by communicating with other national governments and markets to ensure sustainability.Another solution is the establishment of no-take zones and marine reserves,areas where fishing is prohibited,to help replenish commercial fish stocks to secure long-term sustainability.

3.Habitat loss as a result of harmful fishing practices,which have decreased some fish populations

Reducing or eliminating destructive fishing practices is essential to sustainable fishing.Bottom trawling destroys habitats,indiscriminate fishing practices such as drift nets,longlining,and cyanide fishing are destructive to habitats and non-targeted species,lost or discarded fishing gear is also destructive to underwater habitats.

Solutions: A moratorium on deep-sea trawling is needed to stop this destructive practice.The damage done to deep sea corals and undiscovered species is immeasurable.

National governments and the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization have developed an International Plan of Action on IUU Fishing,but better monitoring and enforcement is needed.(768 words)