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1.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic,heating and chemical effects.

2.Special design of the rear bearing allows for the exchange of V-belts without the necessity of removing the spindle.

3.Air has weight regardless of its low specific density.

4.Confined in a rigid container,gas will expand at high temperature.

5.To compare the weight of two different types of objects,we should have to weigh equal volumes of each.

6.Aluminum,the richest metallic element in nature,remained unknown until a time that men now living can remember,because nowhere in nature is it found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen,for which it has a strong affinity.

7.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.

8.Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics,no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.

9.The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads,which include the weights of all the parts of the structure,and live loads,which are due to the weights of people,movable equipment,etc.

10.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.

B.将下列科技缩略语翻译成中文。

AFC；ARC；BBS；BMU；CGI；DNS；GPS；OEM；OCD；OTC

（II）篇章翻译练习

1.Pop quiz: Which is longer,the United States Constitution or Facebook’s Privacy Policy?

If you guessed the latter,you’re right.Facebook’s Privacy Policy is 5,830 words long; the United States Constitution,without any of its amendments,is a concise 4,543 words.

Facebook,one of the most popular social networks in the world,has more than 400 million registered people on its Web site.Half of these users log in to the service every day,the company says,and users spend 500 billion minutes on the site each month.

But in recent months,Facebook has revised its privacy policy to require users to opt out if they wish to keep information private,making most of that information public by default.Some personal data is now being shared with third-party Web sites.

As a result,the company has come under a blitz from privacy groups,government officials and its own users,who complain that the new policy is bewildering and the new optout settings too time-consuming to figure out and use.

“There are always trade-offs between providing comprehensive and precise granular controls and offering simple tools that may be broad and blunt,” said Elliot Schrage,vice president for public policy at Facebook.“We have tried to offer the most comprehensive and detailed controls and comprehensive and detailed information about them.”

The new opt-out settings certainly are complex.Facebook users who hope to make their personal information private should be prepared to spend a lot of time pressing a lot of buttons.To opt out of full disclosure of most information,it is necessary to click through more than 50 privacy buttons,which then require choosing among a total of more than 170 options.

Users must decide if they want only friends,friends of friends,everyone on Facebook,or a customized list of people to see things like their birthdays or their most recent photos.To keep information as private as possible,users must select “only friends” or “only me” from the pull-down options for all the choices in the privacy settings,and must uncheck boxes that say information will be shared across the Web.

Facebook’s “Help Center” is available to assist users,but the word count for the privacyrelated FAQ adds up to more than 45,000 words.

Even if a user changes all the settings on the privacy section of the site,certain pieces of information will still be shared across the site unless a user takes further action.For example,under the Account Settings option,in the Facebook Ads tab,two options are automatically turned on to share some information with advertising networks and friends.Anyone who wants to keep this information private must uncheck the boxes in that tab.

And still,some information will no longer remain private because Facebook has also added a feature,called community pages,which automatically links personal data,like hometown or university,to topic pages for that town or university.The only way to disappear from those topic pages is to delete personal data from Facebook.(552 words)

2.Just as the tools people invented transformed the societies in which they lived,so the needs of these societies inspired inventions,of which computers are a cornerstone in the 20th century.Throughout the world,computers have become a source as well as a conduit of information.

Effects of Computers on Society

The social effects of the computers that surround us,seen and unseen,in our daily lives are of two kinds: immediate effects on each individual who uses a computer or encounters services delivered by computer,and aggregate effects on society as a whole.Residents of the United States find the effects on individuals most visible since they have immersed in a society in which virtually every activity has become dependent on the reliable functioning of information technology and the people who manipulate it.

Perhaps the most dramatic evidence for the extent of computer use is seen in the fact that by the early 1990s over 20 million personal computers (PCs) were installed in homes across the United States.The U.S.installed base of PCs in business,government,and education(excluding homes) is expected to continue to grow throughout the 1990s.These projections do not encompass imbedded microprocessors,which have been installed in the hundreds of millions in automobiles,appliances,timepieces,television sets,videocassette recorders (VCRs),telephones,and fax machines,and which have countless other uses in business,agriculture,education,and the military.Products that have their functions controlled by microprocessors have been referred to as smart products.Since they are more energy efficient and responsive to users’ needs,they have changed the way people live and work in many ways.