ABSTRACT

Marxism's unique perception of the relationship between human beings and nature provides us with a key to understand the universality of the human history.The Marxist theory of praxis is the base of its whole theoretical structure,it is in the sense of“sensuous objectivity”(Geganstandlichkeit)thatMarxconceivespraxis. According to Marx,praxis is the unity of passivity and activity, though he never negates the objectivity of the external things,he does not conceive the objectivity of things in the form of“abstract thingness”,he insists,only from the sensuous activity,e.g.,“objective activity”,can we achieve complete understanding of the unity of human beings and nature.

It is based on this conception that this dissertation begins its inquiry into the culture and history in the Xia-Shang Era.This dissertation reinvestigates the phases of the pre-Qin agricultural stabilization and brings forth four stages——“the breed stage”,“the soil stage”，“the climate-calendar stage”and“the irrigation stage”，from this inquiry，we are approaching a new understanding of the Xia-Shang Bronze Era,which may be not only the key to perceiving the humanist shift of Chinese culture in the Axis Era-from Duke Chou to Confucius,it's also the key to understand@ the stabilization of Chinese culture throughout the feudal times,because the stabilized system of the Chinese agriculture has been established in the Spring-Autumn and Warring States Period.