八、参考答案

本章课文

Dialogue 1

Miss Lin:Let's discuss your educational background．You major in computer，weren't you?

布莱克先生:对，是这样的。计算机是我在大学期间学得最好的课程。我还擅长计算机编程。

Miss Lin:Fine．And could you tellme what kind ofwork experience you've had?

布莱克先生:我上一个工作是在纽约的一家计算机公司。那是一家软件公司，我在那儿担任项目经理。

Miss Lin:Well，your qualifications for the job are excellent．And is there anything you'd like to ask about the job?

布莱克先生:有，我想知道你们公司给不给员工进修的机会?

Miss Lin:Yes．Our employees are allowed to take up less than 5 hours a week to attend college course or go to training institutions．And in each department，the employees have the opportunity to study abroad．

布莱克先生:真够慷慨的。谢谢，耽误了您许多时间。

Dialogue 2

主持人:王教授，欢迎您做客我们节目。今天，我们谈论的话题是中国的教育。

ProfessorWang:I amhappy to be here，and I amglad to introduce education in China to overseas friends．

主持人:中国的教育方针是什么?

ProfessorWang:The guideline for China's education is education must serve the needs of socialist modernization．Our education is geared to the needs ofmodernization，the world，and the future．

主持人:中国教育有哪些组成部分?

ProfessorWang:There are four major types of education in China，namely，basiceducation，vocational education and technical education，higher education，and adult education．

主持人:我们常听说211工程，请您谈谈好吗?

ProfessorWang:The 211 Project means to develop 100 comprehensive universities with a wide range of disciplines and up to advanced world standards by the early part of the 21st century．

Dialogue 3

迈克:你好。好久不见，在忙什么呢?

Xiao Zhang:I have just finished college．I amdeciding on my career．

迈克:你准备找个什么工作?

Xiao Zhang:I don't know．I had to give up my hope of being a geographer．My college days are over and I have to be realistic aboutmyself．

迈克:此话怎讲?

Xiao Zhang:My grades in geography weren't high enough．I couldn't live up to the goals my parents set for me．You know，pass the exam for postgraduate．

迈克:你在大学期间学得不错，我认为你没有让你父母失望。

Xiao Zhang:Perhaps．I wish they could tell face me to face how they really feel．

Dialogue 4

主持人:“武术”在中文里是什么意思? The guest:Literally translated，“wu”is military，“shu”is art．Wushu therefore means the art of fighting，or martial arts．

主持人:今天的武术和过去的有什么不同吗?

The guest:Previously，wushu was simply a matter of survival through wars．Today，wushu has been organized and systematized into a formal branch of study and performing arts．

主持人:武术是不是也算作一种运动?

The guest:It is a sort of popular national sport in China，and it is practiced for keeping fit，learning self-defense skills，recreation and competition．

主持人:武术和功夫是一回事吗?

The guest:Wushu has become an athletic and aesthetic performance and competitive sport，while kung fu or traditional wushu remains the traditional fighting practice．

Passage 1

我现在向大家简要介绍一下我将在下周讨论的一些关键性问题。我按照访问国的顺序逐一介绍，从我此行的第一站日本开始。明年，我们与日本的安全联盟将满50年，该联盟一直是并且必须继续是不可动摇的。在东京，我将签署《关岛国际协议》(GuamInternationalAgreement)。根据该协议，将有8 000名美军从冲绳转移至关岛，以使我们的安全联盟能够应对目前的挑战。另外，日本在解决巴基斯坦经济危机方面正在发挥更大的领导作用，还参与太空探索、疾病治疗、救助世界各地灾民等项集体努力。日本应为此受到赞誉。我们预期进一步加强与日本的伙伴关系，以帮助维护亚洲的和平与稳定，日益加强关注全球性挑战，例如灾害救助、推动阿富汗和巴基斯坦的女童教育和减轻非洲的贫困。

我们还将注重与印尼的合作，我们认为与印尼的合作大有潜力。不必我说，我们的新总统在印尼广为人知，深受钦佩。我们现在有机会加强在教育、能源和食品安全方面的伙伴关系。印尼政府还建议与美国建立更深的伙伴关系。这种设想反映了在共同关心的领域中的一种积极做法，我们决心制定具体的日程，与印尼共建这种伙伴关系。

Passage 2

Excellent accommodation，transportation，security，medical service，media and telecommunications are indispensable to a successful Olympic Games．These aspects have been elaborated in our candidature file，and hereby I would like tomake a brief introduction of Beijing for all journalists．

There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing，a dynamic modern metropolis with 3，000 years of cultural treasures woven into the urban tapestry．Along with the iconic imagery of the Forbidden City，the Temple of Heaven and the GreatWall，the city offers an endlessmixture of theatres，museums，discos，all kinds of restaurants and shopping malls that will amaze and delight you．But beyond that，it is a place ofmillions of friendly people who love to meet people fromaround the world．People of Beijing believe that the 2008 OlympicGames in Beijing will help to enhance the harmony between our culture and the diverse cultures of the world．

Passage 3

We have reiterated our principled stance on the South China Sea issue，and we hope relevant countries abide by the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea and do more things conducive to peace and stability of the region．Regarding your second question，the US remarks are sheer lies．We have stated out position at the beginning of the Impeccable Incident，and the US is well aware of that，so is the international community．Now，the pressing task is the US should take concrete measures to prevent a repeat of similar incident．The resolve of the Chinese Government to safeguard territorial integrity and maritime rights and interests is resolute．

Passage 4

美国人心态很平和。他们并不太在意各自收入间的差别，尽管事实上没有哪个其他的发达国家的贫富差距像美国这么大。这和欧洲人截然不同。欧洲人对全民收入的分配很是上心。美国人则不一样，他们是想要成为富人，而对打垮富人并无兴趣。十有八九的国民坚信即使出身贫寒，只要通过努力，也能飞黄腾达。这不正是美国梦的精髓所在吗?

于是美国政界一致认为，与其回过头来均分财富，还不如实现经济的增长。这也和美国前总统约翰·肯尼迪的那句有名的“水涨船高”不谋而合。美国经济这十几年的增长速度不可谓不快。随着1995年以来生产率的飞涨，美国经济的发展十年来一直领先于其他强国，如今的生产效率是十年前的1.3倍。在20世纪的最后十年，所有公民都从中尝到了甜头。尽管那些高收入者获益更大，但所有人的工资增长幅度都远胜于通货膨胀的速度。

本章练习

Dialogue 1

主持人:向您的新电影表示祝贺。在新影片中，您的角色和以往扮演的角色类似吗?

The star:No．It is a special character in a specialmovie．It is totally different fromthe parts I have acted．

主持人:为什么这么说呢?据我所知，您拍了40多部电影，还拥有许多影迷。他们都很熟悉您过去扮演的角色。

The star:It is a historicalmovie different fromthe movies I have shot．I have acted a villain in this newmovie．

主持人:这是您第一次出演反面角色吧?感觉怎样?

The star:Yes．It ismy first time．I felt excited，and I hope you all like it．

主持人:但我们总认为您是一个拯救他人的大英雄。您觉得出演这种反面角色困难吗?

The star:It is really a challenge for me．I have spared no effort to study the script and study how to play．I hope the audience will like thismovie．

Dialogue 2

李先生:作为一位音乐家，您认为哪种乐器人们学起来最容易?

ProfessorWang:I think the guitar is the easiest to learn．It is one of the easiest to carry，and that's important for a musician．

李先生:第二种呢?

ProfessorWang:I will choose the most satisfying instrument，because you can make more progess at the beginning．That's piano．

李先生:您演奏乐器吗?

ProfessorWang:Yes，I play the violin．

李先生:那您肯定得花大量的空余时间来练习，对吗?

ProfessorWang:Right．In order to performwell，you have to practice a lot．

Dialogue 3

奥巴马:好，我想让这边的这位先生提问。他一直非常执著。

Rui Chenggang:Rui Chenggang of China Central Television．It seems the world leaders have been talking about increasing the voice and voting rights of developing countries．I would like to ask two questions instead of just one．First one，on behalf of China．．．

奥巴马:我可能只选择其中一个问题回答。

RuiChenggang:First one，you've had a very fruitful meeting with our President．And during the Clinton Administration，U.S.-China relationship was characterized，in Clinton's words，“strategic，constructive partnership”．During the Bush Era it was—the catchphrase，quote，unquote，“stakeholder”．The Bush Administration expects China to—to become a responsible stakeholder in international affairs．Have you come up with a catchphrase of your own?And，certainly，it is not the G-2，is it?

And my second question is，on behalf of the world，politics is very local，even though we've been talking about global solution，as indicated by your recent preference over American journalists and British，which is OK．How can you make sure that you will do whatever you can，so that the local politics will not trump or negatively affect good international economics?Thank you，Mr．President．

奥巴马:你问的问题都非常精彩。关于第一个问题，你的美国同行们可以告诉你，我最不善于用关键词或短语对事务进行概括了。所以(对于中美关系)我到目前为止还没有想到用什么精辟的短语来概括。不过你要是有什么建议，不妨告诉我。我会很高兴地使用它们。

至于本土政治，你看，我是美国的总统，不是中国的主席，不是日本首相，也不是参加峰会的各国的首脑。我最直接的责任是让我们美国的人民生活得更好，这才是他们选举我担任这个职位的目的。这也是前面几个问题中所提到的，为什么我来这里(参与20国峰会)能够帮助美国人民就业、购买住房、培养孩子上大学，实现我们所说的“美国梦”。衡量我的标准，就是要看我是否能有效地满足美国人民的需要和解决他们所关心的问题。

Dialogue 4

Professor Qi:First of all，our netizens are very much interested in learning how your family—you know，you，your family，former PresidentClinton，Chelsea—do to the environment—the energy conservation．

希拉里·克林顿:首先谢谢您让我有机会能和(中国的)网民(我喜欢这个词)交谈，非常高兴看到您把重点放在能源效率和气候变化这么重要的话题上。

在平常的生活中，我们努力有意识地做一些力所能及的事。譬如说我们会用一些小型的日光灯和不太耗电的灯泡，另外我们安装了隔热窗，我们也做垃圾回收，除非没有别的选择，我们会尽量减少一些需要填埋的垃圾。

另外，我丈夫克林顿的基金会正在世界各地40多个城市推行一个与气候变化有关的项目，他们从事着提高能源效率及其相关的工作。我们在为此付出更多的努力，同时我们也在不停地问自己，我们还能做些什么。

Professor Qi:Great，thank you．And during this trip you have emphasized this cooperative—this positive cooperation．Would you mind to elaborate a little bit on that，you know，how that is going to work for this China-U.S．cooperation on environment，energy，and climate change?

希拉里·克林顿:原则上讲，作为我和杨洁篪外长昨日宣布的协议的一部分，(中美之间)要继续进行战略经济对话，美方由我和财政部长共同牵头。

(在这一对话机制中)最重要的轨道之一就是清洁能源和气候变化，我们想在两国以及两国的商业机构、学术机构和公民之间建立一系列的伙伴关系，举行一系列的活动。我们希望在年底哥本哈根(气候变化会议)上能达成新的气候变化协定，也希望能像昨天我看到的一样，发掘更多美中企业间合作发展清洁能源的机会。而且我们(美国)新上任的能源部长朱棣文，也希望通过努力发展更多由美中双方研究人员共同设计执行的专利技术产品。

虽然美中双方在清洁能源和气候变化领域的合作关系才刚刚起步，但我希望双方的合作能继续开展下去。

Passage 1

Early this year，our two countries held big celebrations of the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations．I attended some of these commemorative events with many old and new friends．A review of the past gives me a lot of food for thought．The tremendous progress of China-U.S．relations goes well beyond what those who were most optimistic about this relationship 30 years ago have ever expected．People want to know，in the 21st century when mankind facesmajor opportunities and challenges，what is the strategic foundation of China-U.S．relations．This is a question that I often ask myself too．

I for one believe the strategic foundation of China-U.S．relations lies in our major and unique responsibility of maintaining world peace and stability．As permanentmembers of the UNSecurity Council and as the world's largest developing country and largest developed one respectively，China and the United States have maintained close consultation，coordination and mutually beneficial cooperation in many international affairs．We have worked together to manage complicated and tough regional hotspot issues，fight terrorism，proliferation and transnational crimes，meet global challenges such as climate change，energy and the environment and undertake necessary reformin the international systembased on justice and equity．One can hardly find an area where China-U.S．cooperation is not needed．Comprehensive cooperation in the global sphere has tied our two countries and peoples to each other．

Passage 2

节能在理论上和技术上已经成熟。我们强调提高能效，还有使用可再生能源，很明显这样我们就能达到目标。但同时我们必须说服每个公民都要做到节约能源。

你刚才问到我自己的家庭是怎么做的，我们是先从改变观念做起，我们会关掉不用的电器，关上灯。我已故的父亲一直有一个信念，不应该浪费电以及其他能源，所以晚上锅炉要关掉，离开房间所有的灯都要关掉。

但是我得承认，后来我们变得不是那么在意，我想大部分美国人也是这样，不太注意这些事。插座一直通着电，离开房间也不关灯，办公楼的灯整夜地开，我们浪费了很多能源和金钱。

我们不能再这样做了。在节约能源方面，我们还有很多要改进的地方，此外不仅是发达国家，还有像中国和印度这些经济体，都需要有所作为，要实事求是、因地制宜，不同的国家做法也不尽相同。这种不同在《京都议定书》里就有所体现，在《哥本哈根协议》中也会考虑到这点。

Passage 3

“The Journey of Friendship and Cooperation”by President Hu Jintao and“the Journey of Confidence”by PremierWen Jiabao have given a strong boost to China's relations with African countries，the Middle-East countries and with European countries．Last year was an eventful year for China．It was also an eventful year for China's diplomacy．

Last year was a year of enormous challenges，yetwe met these challenges headon and reaped a good harvest．

In this year of enormous challenges，we fought natural disasters including the devastating earthquake inWen Chuan．We hosted successfully the Olympic Games in spite of the various destructive factors and we worked hard to cope with the impact of the international financial crisis．The challenges that confronted our country and China's diplomacy last year have been rarely seen for many years in terms of scale，severity and impact．Meeting these challenges was indeed not easy．

Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council，with active support of all Chinese people and with close cooperation with other governmental departments，we earnestly implemented the Scientific Outlook on Development and made a lot of achievements on the diplomatic front．

Passage 4

我想对中国今年的外交工作可以讲四点:第一就是抓住“一条主线”，那就是要全力为确保国内经济平稳较快发展服务。第二，要抓好“两大重点”工作。一是要积极应对国际金融危机，要为“保增长、保民生、保稳定”做好服务。第二个重点是要抓好中国国家领导人参加重大的国际多边会议活动的准备工作和实施。我想到的是，比如即将在伦敦举行的金融峰会、7月份在意大利举行的八国集团与发展中国家领导人对话会、此前要举行的上合组织的峰会，此后要举行的上合组织总理会议、11月份要举行的亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议等，我们要通过中国参加这些活动，推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。第三，要抓好“三项工作”。第一项工作是搞好安全外交，切实维护中国的主权、领土完整和安全利益;二是要加强人文外交，进一步增进中国人民和世界各国人民的友谊与合作;三是继续抓好领事保护工作，要切实维护中国公民和企业在海外的合法权益。第四，要做好“四个方向”工作。就是要促进我们同大国的关系稳定发展，进一步搞好同周边国家的睦邻友好关系，进一步加强同广大发展中国家的团结与合作，要更加积极地参加有关全球性和地区性热点问题的妥善解决。