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E-Business has been a major thrust behind the proliferation of the Internet，particularly the WWW. This has led to the integration of traditional payment methods into Internet-related technologies，particularly to be used over the WWW.

In this article，we discuss the significance of credit card-based electronic payment system，how they can benefit businesses and consumers，what are the limitations of their use，and means of establishing them.

We can classify credit card payment on online networks into following categories:

1.Payment using plain credit card information.The easiest method of payment is the exchange of(unencrypted)credit cards over a public network such as telephone lines or the Internet.The low level of security inherent in the design of the Internet makes this method problematic.^①Authentication is also a problem as the merchant is usually responsible to ensure that the person using the credit card is its owner.

2.Payment using encrypted credit card information.Encrypting credit card information is a solution to the problems inherent in 1.However，one concern here is the cost of the transaction itself，which could prohibit low-value payments.

3.Payment using third-party verification.One solution to security and verification problems is the introduction of a third-party，such as First Virtual，which is a company that collects and approves payments from one client to another.After a certain period of time for processing，one credit card transaction for the total accumulated amount is completed.

There are various benefits of accepting credit cards，both from the business's perspective and from the consumer's perspective，and we evaluate each of these.

1.A“Cashless”Society

The use of credit cards has become so convenient and commonplace that a business which does not accept credit cards is the exception rather than the rule.^②

The number of credit cards issued，for example，in the USA，is rapidly approaching 500 million，and 50%of all purchases over$50 are done via a credit card.Although only 34%of Internet users have currently purchased products/services over the Internet，12%say they would do so in the future and a resounding 80%say that their preferred payment method in buying products/services over the Internet was the credit card.

Such a large group of people with the power of using a credit card simply cannot be ignored.

2.Improvement in Sales

In general，if you are selling to the public，you will have higher average sales and more customers if you accept credit cards than if you don't.Statistics show that new credit card merchants almost immediately increase their sales 30%—40%.

You may have any of the following types of businesses where:(1)product or service includes what people want or need on short notice，and(2)items are sold exclusively over the telephone，or on the Internet.Using credit cards is specifically important to these types of businesses and your sales will be substantially higher if you accept them.For example，any mail order business can expect 85%—90%of their total sales to be from customers using credit cards alone.

There are products or services where people can sample offerings first or buy just a small amount.Businesses who offer credit cards receive more full orders because people feel:(1)it is more secure paying by credit cards so they feel they have less to lose，and(2)they don't think paying by credit cards is the same as paying by cash or cheque，so they tend to spend more.

3.Impulse Sales:Turn Browsers into Buyers

We all buy on impulse.Letting people use major credit cards is the easiest，fastest，and best way to do this.When you get prospects who have contacted you after looking through your ad，you can convert them to a consumer by accepting credit cards.You also manage to get the impulse sale of someone looking at an order form attached to your brochure.

Profits are the bottom line for every business.Almost any type of business will benefit from taking credit cards，particularly selling a product or service to small businesses or individuals.Your profits can increase an average of 30%—80%according to accepted industry standards.Studies show that companies which accept credit cards enjoy up to 40%more sales than those that do not accept credit cards.Higher sales mean higher profits.Since you are spending the same amount of money to get these customers，accepting credit cards will increase your bottom line.

There is a certain saving when you don't have to open the envelopes，endorse the cheques，and cover the bad ones.Your cost of accepting credit cards will actually pay for itself especially when the costs are offset in no time with increased revenue and profit.^③You'll also be saving a lot by reducing your paperwork and order-processing time. By accepting credit cards，you can also substantially reduce your accounts receivable costs.This is why many online services promote paying by credit card;some of them even charge an extra fee if they have to send you a statement.

If you are contacted by a prospect，you have a higher chance of getting the sale by asking for his/her credit card number as opposed to a cheque.Many prospects become suspects because they never actually send in the cheque.Then almost any credit card is processed and approved，you can be completely assured that you will be paid for the sale because if the user doesn't pay the bill，the credit card company takes all the risk.

If you put an order into production or mailed out your product cash-on-delivery(COD)，^④there is always a possibility that you may never receive the funds.By accepting credit cards，you are assured immediately that you will receive the funds from your customer.

Credit cards are faster than writing cheques and allow items to be immediately shipped when used over the Internet or through mail order.This is because when the merchant gets an approval，the money is in route to their account;when a cheque is cashed，it takes a few days to a couple of weeks before the merchant knows that they will receive their money.When they order a product，many people want it to be delivered as soon as possible.Such customers won't buy from you if it takes you a couple of weeks(as you have to wait for their cheques to clear)to mail out their purchase.

Most credit card processors will now connect you directly to their bank's computer with a processing terminal.^⑤This allows them to authorize your transaction in seconds，and then deposit the funds in your bank account where you have access to it in a couple of days.This means you have sole use of your customer's money that has been deposited into your bank account to purchase a product.Also，many credit card merchants cannot afford tying up a lot if cash in inventory since they use the customer's money to purchase the product from their supplier before shipping it out to the customer.

With the powerful search capabilities of the Internet，it is easy to do comparisonshopping^⑥in a matter of minutes.If you are not taking credit cards，people can find out your competitor who is selling the same or a similar product for a similar price and does accept credit cards.If a prospect has any interest in paying with a credit card，you are losing business to your competitors that do accept credit cards.

Remote purchase using a cheque can be a cumbersome process—write a cheque，fill out an envelope，and mail it in—which can discourage people from buying your products.If you use an online order form to get your business，it is easier for the customer to use a credit card;that is difficult to do with a cheque.(There are electronic cheques but that is a different matter.)Also，many customers want to use a credit card to get all the attractions their bank may be offering，like free air mails，rebates towards gifts，or other bonuses.

2.No Benefit of Doubt

Many customers may not ask if you do accept credit cards because they automatically assume that you do not，unless you display the credit card logos.If they are among the 30%of customers who only purchase using their credit cards，you have automatically lost their sale.

Your prospects will think of you as a creditable and a well-established business，when they see you accept major credit cards in your advertisements.Everyone assumes that only established companies can accept credit cards.The credit card companies do such an excellent job of promoting the use of credit cards and you benefit by accepting them.

By displaying the Visa and MasterCard logos in your ads or on your WWW pages，you can gain instant credibility with your customers.People know that if they don't get what they were promised/expected，they can always request a refund on the purchase，or get their money back from their bank.Your customers can buy from you if they know that they can trust you.

1)Cheque/Cash problems

Customers know that credit cards are much safer than cash.(There are methods of electronic cash but that is a different matter.)If they use a credit card to make a purchase and there is a case of fraud or the product quality is not what they expected，they can dispute the charge retroactively and have the credit card company act on their behalf.This makes them feel safe even buying from a company they are not absolutely sure of.Many buyers are also hesitant of sending cheques to companies that are not local to them for a similar reason.

A company which requires security deposits for rentals or to put an order into production can substantially increase its sales by accepting credit cards because customers feel that using their credit cards is a safe way to make security deposits on items.

Despite of numerous advantages of using credit cards mentioned above，there are certain limitations.One disadvantage to credit cards，from the consumer's viewpoint，is that their transactions are not anonymous(for example，like cash).Credit card companies do use this to their advantage by compiling data based on spending habits.^⑦Another limitation is the potential bottleneck due to the complexity of verification phase in a credit card processing.Encryption and transaction speed need to be balanced to avoid long waits at the customer's end.There are also questions of reliability of the infrastructure under component failures and system overload conditions.^⑧The providers of the facility are aware of these problems and there are ongoing efforts to minimize them.

In order to accept credit cards，you must apply for a merchant account^⑨.Historically，merchant account status was granted only to a bank's preferred customers who had been in business longer than two years and had a storefront.Financial statements，copies of tax returns，and，in some cases，a substantial credit reserve，were required. Due to growing credit card fraud，banks have become more selective，and many business owners have been denied merchant account status regardless of the quality or term of their existing bank relationship.

Today，there are many companies that specialize in securing merchant accounts for those who wish to engage in e-Business.For businesses with anticipated volumes of less than$30，000 per month，financial statements and/or tax returns are rarely requested. Application fees range from$75—$250 and are refundable if the application is declined. Discount rates，or the fee the processing company charges you to process the ticket，vary from 1.5%—8%，depending upon the company.You must either buy their processing software，or you may lease/purchase a terminal and a printer.

The company will also charge you a processing fee per transaction，usually$0.20—$0.30，and a monthly statement fee of around$10.After processing，funds are normally available within 48—72 hours and can be“wired”to your local account or transmitted to you by your preferred method.You should expect to pay a higher discount rate if your business is mail order，as these are considered high risk.If your personal credit is good，you should have no problem obtaining a merchant account.If your credit is not so good，there are companies that will work with you at a higher discount rate.

If you have an established merchant accounts for your business，you should be sure that your bank or processing company is notified and approves in a written agreement of the advertising methods and the products you intend to market before you offer them on the Internet.^⑩You should also beware of any person or company representative who approaches you to process their credit card sales through your merchant account for a set fee or commission.This is commonly known as credit card laundering and in addition to violating your merchant agreement with the bank or credit card company，you could be subject to criminal prosecution for fraud and civil liabilities.

While it is possible to take and transmit credit card information on non-secure WWW pages or via e-mail，this is not very safe and most buyers are hesitant to do this.The current versions of the popular WWW browsers in use today are able to identify access to a secure WWW server(such as one that supports the Secure Socket Layer(SSL)protocol)，switch to a special secure mode and notify the user that any information they transmit from that page will be securely encrypted.Major credit card companies now accept that transmitting your credit card number from a secure page is safe and fully support their use.

By setting up a WWW site for your business，you establish your presence on the Internet.By accepting credit cards，you will be a part of the growing world of e-Business. By getting a merchant account，you can get your share of the enormous business that is just waiting for your offer.

New Words and Expressions

14.impulse(n.)a sudden wish or urge that prompts an unpremeditated act or feeling冲动e.g.:Impulse Sales冲动消费带来的销售额

18.endorse(v.)to write one's signature on the back of(a check，for example)as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership，especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face(支票等的)背书

24.clear(v.)to pass through the banking system and be debited and credited to the relevant accounts结清

30.fraud(n.)a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful gain欺骗行为

33.deposit(n.)something，such as money，that is entrusted for safekeeping，as in a bank存款

38.infrastructure(n.)an underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or a system基础

41.reserve(n.)something kept back or saved for future use or a special purpose储备物

1.The low level of security inherent in the design of the Internet makes this method problematic.本句中，“inherent in the design of the Internet”前省略了“which is”，作定语修饰句子的主语“the low level of security”。

2.The use of credit cards has become so convenient and commonplace that a business which does not accept credit cards is the exception rather than the rule.本句中，使用了“so．．．that．．．”结构，that从句中的主语“a business”由定语从句“which does not accept credit cards”修饰。短语“rather than”意思为“而不是…”。

3.Your cost of accepting credit cards will actually pay for itself especially when the costs are offset in no time with increased revenue and profit.本句中，“pay for itself”指其产生的利润可以抵消其导致的成本。短语“in no time”相当于“immediately”，意为“在很短时间内”。短语“be offset with”可理解为“被…所抵消”。

5.Most credit card processors will now connect you directly to their bank's computer with a processing terminal.本句中，谓语使用了动词短语“connect．．．to．．．”，而介词短语“with a processing terminal”则用作方式状语，意为“通过信用卡处理机”。

7.Credit card companies do use this to their advantage by compiling data based on spending habits.本句中，使用了do，以强调谓语动词use。而短语“to one's advantage”相当于“to good effect”，意为“以产生好的效果”。

8.There are also questions of reliability of the infrastructure under component failures and system overload conditions.本句使用的是“there be”句型。其中，介词短语“of the infrastructure”修饰“reliability”，理解为“基础系统的可靠性”;而介词短语“under component failures and system overload conditions”则作方式状语修饰整个句子，理解为“在组件工作失常和系统超负荷的情况下”。

9.Merchant account:Account that a vendor sets up with a bank or other financial institution in order to accept credit card payments from customers.商家账号

10.If you have an established merchant accounts for your business，you should be sure that your bank or processing company is notified and approves in a written agreement of the advertising methods and the products you intend to market before you offer them on the Internet.本句的主句为“you should be sure that．．．”。这里，that引导的表语从句较为复杂。“in a written agreement”意为“以书面协议的形式”;而动词短语“to approve of”相当于“to express approval”意为“表示同意”;“before you offer them on the Internet”作时间状语从句。整个that从句的内容可理解为“开户银行或是处理公司需得到正式的通知，并认可你的广告方式和你打算推向市场的产品，之后，你才能够把产品放到因特网上去销售”。

11.Secure Socket Layer(SSL):The principal technology used to transmit encrypted data from computer to computer over the Internet.加密套接字协议层