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Packing is essential to the realization of the use value and added value of commodities. The bulk of commodoties have to be properly packed before they are traded and consumed. A small number of commodities do not need packing owing to their defining nature, which are identified as bulk or nude cargoes. In international trade, packing is particularly important because goods have to cover long distances before they reach their destination, often crossing oceans or continents.

Packing can be divided into transport packing (also known as outer packing or big packing) and sales packing (also known as inner packing or small packing). Transport packing can protect the goods, help the transportation and storage and calculation, and reduce the freight. Sales packing can also prettify, advertise and facilitate the use of the goods.

Packing must be strikingly marked. The marking of the packages is as important as the packing itself. It includes particular symbols, pictures, wording and figures stenciled on the outer packing to facilitate the transportation, identification and delivery of the goods. According to their functions, packing marks are mainly categorized into shipping mark, indicative mark and warning mark (also called dangerous cargo mark).

Details such as manner of packing, kinds of packing materials and the burden of packing cost should be unmistakably stipulated in the contract concerned and strictly observed by both the seller and the buyer.

Mr. Miao is offering Mr. Owen advice on the inner packing, expecting it to coincide with the preference of local marke.)

Miao： Your products are good, there’s no question of that. But your packaging needs to be distinctive. You should make your products desirable. Each product should be recognizable as belonging to the line of your company. Don’t you think?

Owen： Yes! That’s a good suggestion and it happens to coincide with our own.

Miao： Great! You have noticed it! Would you please let me know what you have in mind?

Owen： Of course. I will show you the details on the computer...yes, here it is. I’ve been working on my computer and I’ve come up with these high-tech grid designs that go well with a bold yellow font like this.

Owen： We could use it from one product to another by just changing the name and the possible color of the background like this.

Owen： And I think some type of illustrative picture would be good for the back of the package.

Miao： Your artwork is excellent. I can see you are making efforts to improve your packaging.

Owen： Yes, as packaging has become more and more important in competing for the market share, we have to make our products look appealing to the buyers.

Owen： Anyway, thank you very much for your suggestion. If later on you have any suggestions, please feel free to let us know.

Owen： We used to pack our goods in wooden cases, but after several trial shipments in carton packing, we found our cartons just as seaworthy as wooden cases. Besides, cartons are less expensive, lighter to carry and cost lower freight, so nowadays more and more clients prefer carton packing to wooden case packing.

Miao： You know, the goods are to be transshipped at Hong Kong, I’m concerned about the possible jolting, and squeezing and banging around that may take place when they are moved about.

Owen： That has been taken into account. All the cartons are lined with shockproof corrugated cardboard and are wrapped up with damp proof polythene sheets. So they’re seaworthy and can stand rough handling on the docks.

Owen： We always pay a lot attention to the safety of packing, especially for those fragile commodities. As I said, cartons are good enough for goods like this. However, if you insist, we surely can use wooden cases, but the charge will be much higher.

Miao： No, let’s stick with cartons. OK, now, I’d like to know how the goods will be packed in the cartons, please tell me in detail.

Miao： Another question is about labeling; I require three languages on the labels： English, French and Chinese.

Owen： Usually we use two languages： English and Chinese, but we will take your point to add the French language to the labels.

Miao： Yes, one more thing. Indicative marks like “Keep Dry” and“Fragile” should be stenciled on the cartons.

Owen： All right. Your suggestions for labeling and marking will be included in the contract.

Owen： That will be no problem. We never use any kind of inferior packing. Your goods will be safe.

Miao： Good. And can we ask you to put a country of origin mark on each container?

Owen： We always do that anyway, but I’ll make a point to check it for you, since it is so important.

Miao： You always put a quality mark on each container?! For this shipment, it is crucial to us that you do.

Owen： We don’t usually do that unless we are asked to. I’ll tell my staff to take care of this for you.

Owen： Well, each carton will be lined with plastic sheets from inside to prevent damage by water, air or insects. Anyway, no claim of damage caused by dampness has been filed so far.

Miao： That sounds fine, but we cannot be too careful. Still I have one more question. Strong and light as these boxed are, they are

actually paper made, right? So I am afraid that it might be easy to cut open with a knife. Our products may well have the risk of pilferage?

Owen： Don’t worry. Theft cases against cardboard boxed have never occurred, because they are easy to be detected.

Miao： Anyway, I am afraid that the insurance company might refuse indemnification in case of damage or pilferage, on the grounds of improper packing.

Owen： You can rest assured of it. The boxes are strong enough for sea voyage and possible transshipment; furthermore, the boxes have been used extensively for such articles in international trade. The insurance company would have no occasion to refuse indemnification on such grounds.

Miao： Thanks. This shipment is so important to us that there should not be any foul-ups. http://jwc.lmu.cn/jingpin/llist.asp?f_id=556&b_id=581

illustrative adj. 说明性的，解释性的 seaworthy adj. 适合航运的

1. inner packing 内包装。又称单个包装、销售包装或小包装。直接与产品接触的包装。起直接保护商品的作用。在包装外表面上多数印有商品名称、商标、商品性能和保管使用方法等说明，用以宣传商品、指导消费和赢得市场。

2. Market share. 市场占有率，市场份额。是指企业商品销售量（额）在同类行业商品销售量（额）中所占的比例，一般用百分比表示。

3. packing for transportation (transport packing) 运输包装。又称外包装，其主要作用在于保护商品，防止在储运过程中发生货损货差，并最大限度地避免运输途中各种外界条件对商品可能产生的影响，方便检验、计数和分拨。

5. Each carton will be lined with plastic sheets from inside to prevent damage by water, air or insects。每个纸箱都有内衬的塑料薄膜，以防止水、空气及虫子来带的损害。Be lined with 意为“给……加里衬”。

6. we cannot be too careful. 我们越小心越好。注意英文中的否定句的真实含义。

7. I am afraid that the insurance company might refuse indemnification in case of damage or pilferage, on the grounds of improper packing。恐怕一旦发生损失或者偷窃的事，保险公司会因为包装不当拒绝赔偿。indemnification 的意思是“赔偿”。

8. The insurance company would have no occasion to refuse indemnification on such grounds。不会发生保险公司因包装不当拒绝赔偿的事。have no occasion 意为“没有理由”。

3) The packing must be well protected against dampness, moisture, rust and shock

1) Correct and distinctive marking on the outside containers is absolutely necessary.

2) The appearance of a package that catches the eye will certainly be of much help in promoting the sales.

1) Each product should be recognizable as belonging to the line of your company.

2) We could use it from one product to another by just changing the name and possible the color of the background like this.

3) All the cartons are lined with shockproof corrugated cardboard and are wrapped up with damp proof polythene sheets.

3) 虽然这些纸箱轻便、易放，但我们认为它们在运输中不太结实。

5) 为便于搬运，绳子或者金属把手不可缺少，并将其固定在箱子上。

1) What is inner and outer packing and decide which one is more important and why?

2) Can you come up with any innovative ideas concerning inner packing?

3) Please list the contents possibly included as the markings on packing.

Find a partner and act the following roles according to the situation described：

Situation： Mr. Hunter is a businessman from the United States and Mr. Liu is a sales manager from China. They are talking about the packaging for shirts.

a) Ask about the packing for shirts.

b) Ask for improvement on packing to survive competition.

c) Get satisfied with the sample packing.

d) Offer new designs for reference

a) Use a polythene wrapper for each shirt.

b) Show the sample packing.

c) Promise to work on packing further according to the new design offered by the buyer.

Here are the most powerful packaging design tips for you：

Make use of all those bold and bright colors of fonts to catch the customers, attention. Making your packaging design effective will certainly make your business grow in no time at all. You must also use some images that would compliment your packaging design. Choosing the perfect image and photos will certainly catch your customers attention. Choose high resolution of images to make yourpackaging design effective.

If you want to make your packaging design effective then you’d better choose the right theme that will present your product well. It is important that you show and tell your products and services well through the packaging design you will apply in your business. Your packaging design is actually the first thing which your clients will notice. So make sure that you present it well. It is important that you make your packaging design professional and eye catching!

3) Make your design professional It is important that you make your packaging design professional. If your customers will see how professional your packaging design is then they will surely buy your products and services. It is important that you make your packaging design appealing and professional so your clients and customers will trust your products and services.

(http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/3-Most-Powerful-Packaging-Design-Tips-That-Actually-Work-/1668881)