Exercises
Text Comprehension
I.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.
1.Irina Raicu read about a new software program which can accurately predict how likely one would be to commit a felony by taking just a few details about a person and the number of minor offenses they've committed.
2.Facebook exercised a good control over the privacy of some University of Texas students who had joined Queer Chorus.
3.Compared with software engineers，engineers who make cars and rockets have a better understanding of the truth that an engineer's most basic ethical duty is to hold paramount the safety，health，and welfare of the public.
4.It's difficult for programmers to anticipate the possible consequences of their work.
5.Technology creates disruption，but software technology is an exception.
II.Answer the following questions.
1.Why did Irina Raicu get worried when she first read about the new software program mentioned in the first paragraph？
2.What negative impact did Facebook make on the University of Texas students who had joined Queer Chorus？
3.How could disastrous cases like Challenger explosion or the fire-prone Ford Pintos have been prevented？
4.What is the difference of programmer's work and the work of other kinds of engineers？
5.How much do you agree with the idea that technology moves faster than laws and social norms？
Vocabulary
I.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.
1.switch a.（cause sth to）shift or change，esp.suddenly
2.paramount b.basic principle
3.unsecured c.a word used to describe loans or debts that are not guaranteed by a particular asset such as a person's home
4.tattoo d.any one of a set of standardized parts or units that are made separately and are joined together to construct a building or piece of furniture
5.gender e.art or practice of defending ideas or beliefs（esp.those of Christianity）by logical argument
6.couple f.thing that causes displeasure，annoyance or anger
7.module g.evening drum or bugle signal calling soldiers back to their quarters
8.apologetics h.having the greatest importance or significance；supreme
9.ground rule i.the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles
10.offence j.link or associate
II.Determine the exact meaning of each of the underlined words and translate each sentence into Chinese.
1.Husband and wife should switch roles with each other occasionally.
2.Long lectures really switch me off.
3.Leona put some detergent into the dishwasher，shut the door，and pressed the switch.
4.Prompt payment of the invoice would be appreciated.
5.The accident prompted her to renew her insurance.
6.Her question was prompted by worries about her future.
7.The speaker was rather hesitant and had to be prompted occasionally by the chairman.
8.She needed an occasional prompt.
9.Despite several promptings from his parents，the boy refused to apologize.
10.The aircraft hadn’t enough power to get off the ground.
11.The cheers of the fans echoed round the ground as the team appeared.
12.They managed to cover quite a lot of ground in a short programme.
13.If you continue to behave like this，you will provide them with grounds for dismissing you.
14.How can we make up ground on our competitors？
15.There's a lot of support for our policies on the ground.
III.Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word given in brackets.
1.The experiment is________of the challenge faced by business schools，which devote themselves to teaching management as a science，without always acknowledging that every business decision has societal repercussions.（indicate）
2.A new generation of psychologists is now thinking about how to create ethical leaders in business and in other professions，based on the notion that good people often do bad things________.（conscious）
3.In________，the picture suggested by the data is that business schools have no impact whatsoever on the likelihood that someone will cook the books or otherwise commit fraud.（actual）
4.Encouraging people to act ethically，then，can take some________.（ingenious）
5.These days，signatures________that you've provided truthful and accurate information usually come at the end of documents like tax returns and insurance claims.（verify）
6.Conceit，in many cases，describes a state of serious emotional________.（secure）
7.Today，however，the________of private-sector drug research and the push to commercialize every facet of medical research makes the original model hopelessly outdated.（prevail）
8.One way to avoid the need for chases would be to track________vehicles electronically，instead of running after them.（felony）
9.Business ethical norms reflect the norms of each historical period.As time passes norms evolve，causing accepted behaviors to become________.（object）
10.The American Dream is________with economic opportunity and political freedom；it has become a common currency for aspiring leaders ever since Dr Martin Luther King，Jr.made his famous“I have a dream”speech.（synonym）
11.“Given India's unclear attitude on whether or not they will allow Chinese investment in the northeast，what we could do now is to concentrate on transport links to improve________with Myanmar and Bangladesh，”Wang said.（connect）
12.An eventual hot war between the two countries would not only be________but would be injurious to everyone.（afford）
13.Using a cell phone while driving is________in nearly every country in Europe.Nearly all European Union member states and several non-EU countries have banned the use of handheld cell phones in a moving motor vehicle.（legal）
14.As the conflict progresses，each side becomes more________in its own view，less tolerant and accepting of the other，more defensive and less communicative，and more emotional.（trench）
15.If one side is not prepared to make________，the other side must capitulate or the negotiations will deadlock.（concede）
IV.Fill in the blanks，each using one of the words in its appropriate form.
respond responsible responsive intellect intellectual intelligence intellectuality credit credible credulous accredit
Model:I kicked the dog，which responded with a growl.
1.________，no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before.
2.________distinguishes humans from other animals.
3.Teachers，artists and other________urged political parties to launch a united movement against the government.
4.Will you________one or more of your own number to go out as your representatives and test my statement in your name？
5.He had had the uncanny feeling for some time that he was being watched，and it was in________to this animal instinct that was strong within him that he had turned suddenly and surprised the eyes in the very act of watching him.
6.The distinguishing general characteristic of Donne's poetry is the remarkable combination of an aggressive________with the lyric form and spirit.
7.High levels of lead could damage the________development of children.
8.________have reported that the enemy is planning a new attack.
9.The cabinet is________to the parliament.
10.They are incapable of thinking________about politics.
11.After the recent scandal the Government has lost all________.
12.He is________with having first introduced this word into the language.
13.His courage reflects________on his regiment.
14.When the water pipe burst，she had the________to turn off the water at the main.
15.People who are________are always ready to believe what other people tell them，and are easily deceived.
V.Choose the right word to complete each sentence.
1.A few years ago，Israeli game theorist Ariel Rubinstein got the idea of examining how the tools of economic science affected the judgment and________of his undergraduate students at Tel Aviv University.
A.apathy B.sympathy C.empathy D.apartheid
2.Considering their geographic importance，Central and Eastern Europe marks an essential link in China's Silk Road initiative，and such connectivity will in turn help improve these countries'infrastructure and________their economic growth.
A.bloom B.groom C.roost D.boost
3.I disagree with the________that violence on TV causes acts of violence in society.
A.notion B.notification C.notoriety D.nomination
4.It's easy to come up with examples of________MBA graduates who have lied，cheated，and stolen their ways to fortunes.
A.vigor B.rogue C.vogue D.rigor
5.This woman is a________—she has no medical qualifications at all.
A.freak B.fogey C.fraud D.forgery
6.The factory________refers to the workers in a factory，as opposed to the managers.
A.floor B.ground C.storey D.ceiling
7.A classic sequence of studies illustrate how readily these blind spots can occur in something as seemingly straightforward as________a fair coin to determine rewards.
A.flipping B.flirting C.flapping D.fluttering
8.And even when we lie，cheat，or steal for personal gain，we often________，at least temporarily，from the set of values that would normally lead us to look down upon those who lie，cheat，and steal.
A.avoid B.disinterest C.disengage D.distinguish
9.However，mere knowledge of our________isn't necessarily enough to stave off unconscious temptation.
A.claws B.crams C.frowns D.flaws
10.Yet according to a recent study，signing a________of honesty before filling out a form resulted in half as many misreported expenses as signing at the end.
A.pledge B.pleat C.plea D.plait
11.In MBA programs，professors sometimes like to give take-home，closed-book exams，trusting their students not to________at their texts as they take the test.
A.beep B.peek C.peer D.peel
12.One promising conclusion from this research is that if more women do enter the business world，standards of ethics may________.
A.revolve B.revolt C.evolve D.grovel
13.It makes sense for them to locate most of their production facilities in Asia where people are willing to take more________jobs for less money and are perfectly capable of delivering a good product.
A.ardent B.arduous C.avid D.adroit
14.When the American Economic Association kicks off its annual meeting tomorrow in Denver，the normally________convention will be tinged with controversy:On the agenda is whether economists should adopt a code of ethical standards.
A.stagnant B.staid C.sluggish D.stout
15.The proposal comes after the housing crisis，the credit________，the financial crisis，the recession，the collapse of several European economies，and the overhaul of U.S.banking regulation dealt their respective blows to the prestige of the profession.
A.crunch B.hunch C.brunch D.munch
Cloze
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
Professional ethics____1__the personal，organizational and corporate standards of behaviour expected____2__professionals.
Professionals，and those working in acknowledged professions，____3__specialist knowledge and skill.____4__the use of this knowledge should be governed when providing a service to the public can be considered a moral issue and is____5__professional ethics.
Professionals are capable of making judgements，applying their skills and reaching informed decisions in situations that the general public cannot，because they have not received the____6__training.One of the earliest examples of professional ethics is the Hippocratic____7__to which medical doctors still adhere to this day.
Most professions have____8__enforced codes of practice that members of the profession must follow to prevent exploitation of the client and to preserve the____9__of the profession.This is not only for the benefit of the client but also for the benefit of those belonging to the profession.Disciplinary codes allow the profession to define a standard of conduct and ensure that individual practitioners meet this standard，by disciplining them from the professional body if they do not practice accordingly.This allows those professionals who act___10___conscience to practice in the knowledge___11___they will not be undermined commercially by those who have fewer ethical qualms.It also maintains the public's trust in the profession，encouraging the public to continue seeking their services.
For example，a___12___member of the public should not be___13___responsible for failing to act to save a car crash victim because they could not give an appropriate emergency treatment.This is because they do not have the relevant knowledge and experience.___14___，a fully trained doctor（with the correct equipment）would be capable of making the correct diagnosis and carrying out appropriate procedures.Failure of a doctor to help in such a situation would generally be regarded as negligent and unethical.An untrained person would not be considered to be negligent for failing to act in such circumstances and might indeed be considered to be___15___for acting and potentially causing more damage and possible loss of life.
1.A.refer B.compass C.encompass D.surround
2.A.in B.on C.to D.of
3.A.exercise B.exile C.excise D.execute
4.A.What B.How C.What's D.That
5.A.rendered B.coined C.addressed D.termed
6.A.relevant B.relative C.relational D.related
7.A.oath B.vow C.pledge D.swear
8.A.intricately B.internally C.externally D.intrinsically
9.A.integration B.integrity C.unity D.union
10.A.with B.in C.for D.on
11.A.that B.which C.what D.why
12.A.lie B.lay C.lying D.lain
13.A.held B.included C.contained D.kept
14.A.Likewise B.In contrast C.Unlikely D.In return
15.A.ethical B.responsible C.warm-hearted D.negligent
Grammar
I.Fill in each blank with an appropriate relative pronoun or adverb to complete each attributive clause in the following sentences.
Model:This is the best hotel in the city________I know.
Key:that
1.This is the third week________the dustmen haven't come for the rubbish.
2.Tom didn't attend the meeting，________we expected.
3.To get the job started，all________I need is your permission.
4.My father bought me several books，but none of________was interesting.
5.The bike and its rider________had knocked down the boy were taken to the police.
6.The engineer with________my father is talking has just come from abroad.
7.He lives in a hotel，________is only five minutes'walk from here.
8.Is there anything________I can do for you？
9.I will give you such information________will help you.
10.Winter is the time of year________the days are short and nights are long.
II.Choose the right answer to complete each sentence，paying special attention to the ordering of attributives.
1.This________girl is Linda's cousin.
A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty
C.Spanish pretty little D.little pretty Spanish
2.________students are required to take part in the boat race.
A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young
C.Chinese ten young strong D.Young strong ten Chinese
3.John Smith，a successful businessman，has a________car.
A.large German white B.large white German
C.white large German D.German large white
4.The________house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A.little white wooden B.little wooden white
C.white wooden little D.wooden white little
5.I bought a________writing desk.
A.nice small yellow round new French oak
B.small French nice yellow new round oak
C.new French round small yellow round oak
D.nice small round new yellow French oak
III.Choose the best one to complete each sentence.
1.Mary lives in the room，the door________opens east.
A.of it B.of which C.of that D.whose
2.Is this the university________you visited last time？
A.that one B.which C.the one D.the one what
3.I'd like to tell you________I saw in the exhibition.
A.which B.that C.what D./
4.I hope that the little________I have been able to do has been of some use.
A.which B.that C.what D.for which
5.Who________has common sense will do such a thing？
A.which B.that C.whose D.whom
6.Put the letter________he can find it easily.
A.in which B.at which C.where D.which
7.Thirty-nine Steps is one of the most exciting films________directed by Alfred Hotchcock.
A.which was B.that was C.that were D.which were
8.This is the very letter________I am looking for.
A.which B.that C.as D.what
9.He is the only one of the students________the truth.
A.who know B.who knows C.that know D.who are knowing
10.The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works________are known to us.
A.which B.that C.as D.who
Translation
I.Translate the following into Chinese.
Business ethics（also corporate ethics）is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment.It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Business ethics has normative and descriptive dimensions.As a corporate practice and a career specialization，the field is primarily normative.Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods.The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns.Interest in business ethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s，both within major corporations and within academia.For example，most major corporations today promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters.Adam Smith said，“People of the same trade seldom meet together，even for merriment and diversion，but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public，or in some contrivance to raise prices.”Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive to be beneficial directions.Ethics implicitly regulates areas and details of behavior that lie beyond governmental control.The emergence of large corporations with limited relationships and sensitivity to the communities in which they operate accelerated the development of formal ethics regimes.
II.Translate the following into English by using the words or phrases provided in brackets.
1.他的书预定十月份出版。（due）
2.在发送这些包裹前请打上查讫记号。（check off）
3.莫扎特的名字是与萨尔茨堡城（Salzburg）联系在一起的。（couple）
4.这是一匹很好骑的马。（responsive）
5.他留下一张字条，大意是说他不回来了。（to the effect that）
Speaking
I.Mini-talk
Please relate to your teacher and classmates one of your life stories in which you managed to keep your moral integrity in face of temptations，threats，or whatever else.
II.Discussion
“All businessmen are profiteers.”That is a popular old saying in Chinese.In order to survive increasingly fierce competition and seek profit as much as possible，some businessmen or companies are racking their brains to come up with dishonest ways and means.Business ethics，they think，absolutely runs counter to profitability.
So please have a group discussion about the relationship between business ethics and profitability.