Words and Expressions

preach v.～（sth）（to sb）make（a religion or teaching）known by talking about it publicly；teach（sth）宣扬（教义或教条）；教导（某事物）；try to persuade people to accept or support（sth）；advocate劝说人们赞成或支持（某事物）；说教；鼓吹

gospel n.［C usu sing］set of principles原则；主义；信条

consultancy n.［C］a company that gives advice on a particular subject咨询公司

tenure n.period of holding（eg political）office or land or other property，etc（职位，如政治地位，土地或其他资产等的）保有期

underestimate v.make too low an estimate of（sb/sth）过分低估

discontent（also discontentment）n.［U］～（with sth）lack of satisfaction不满；不满足；不满意

abdicate v.（fml）formally relinquish（power，a high official position，etc）正式放弃（权力、高位等）

adherence n.faithful support for a religion or cause or political party坚持，忠诚

innate adj.（of a quality，feeling，etc）in one's nature；possessed from birth（指特质、感情等）天生的，先天的，固有的，天赋的

stagnant adj.showing no activity（and therefore not developing or progressing）；sluggish停滞的；不景气的

initiative n.［C］action taken to resolve a difficulty为解决困难而采取的行动

trail off v.to become fainter，quieter，or weaker逐渐减弱

revert v.return to（a former state or condition）；return to（a former practice or habit）恢复（原状）；恢复（原先的作法或习惯）

substance n.［U］most important or essential part of sth；essential meaning基本部分；实质部分；主旨；要义

set apart v.make sb or sth special or different from others使突出；使……不平常

rate v.estimate the worth or value of sb/sth评定某人（某物）的价值

mantra n.a statement or a principle that people repeat very often because they think it is true，especially when you think that is not true or is only part of the truth准则

fanatical adj.marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea；crazy；wild；enthusiastic狂热的

pull off v.complete or perform（sth）successfully使（某事）成功

solicit v.～（sb）（for sth）；～（sth）（from sb）（fml文）ask（sb）for（eg money，help，votes）earnestly；try to obtain（sth）恳求（某人）给予（钱、帮助等）；向（某人）拉（选票）；设法获得（某事物）

follow through with v.finish a movement that one has started；continue an action to its natural ending继续完成；坚持到底

discretionary adj.not fixed by rules but decided on by people in authority，who consider each individual case自由决定的，酌情决定的

contribute v.give one’s share of（money，help，advice，etc）to help a joint cause出（钱、力、主意等）；捐助；捐赠；贡献

catalyst n.substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself changing催化剂；触媒剂；（fig比 喻）person or thing that causes a change促使变化的人或事物

flush v.clean（esp a toilet or drain）with a rush of water（用水）冲洗（尤指马桶或下水道）；～（sb out）（of sth）force sb to leave a hiding-place；drive sb out迫使某人离开藏身处；将某人赶出

impede v.hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of（sb/sth）阻碍，妨碍，阻止

craft v.（usu passive）make（sth）skilfully，esp by hand精工制作（尤指用手工）

obstacle n.（usu fig）thing in the way that either stops progress or makes it difficult障碍；妨害物

diminish v.（cause sth to）become smaller or less；decrease（使）变小；（使）变少；降低；（fig比喻）make（sb/sth）seem less important than it really is；devalue减低……的重要性；贬低

empower v.（esp passive）（fml）give lawful power or authority（to sb）to act授权（给某人）采取行动

hinder v.～（sb/sth）（from sth/doing sth）prevent the progress of sb/sth；obstruct or delay sb/sth阻碍；妨碍；阻挠；耽搁

candid adj.not hiding one's thoughts；frank and honest率直的；坦白而诚实的

outsourcing n.［U］a practice of using workers from outside the company to do a job业务外包

tailor v.（esp.passive）～（sth for/to sb/sth）make or adapt sth for a special purpose（为某目的）做某事物或适应某事物

anonymous adj.written or given by sb who does not reveal his name匿名的；不具名的

expert adj.～（at/in/on sth/doing sth）done with，having，or involving great knowledge or skill熟练的；老练的；需有专门知识或技术的

streamline v.make（sth）more efficient and effective，eg by improving or simplifying working methods使（某事物）效率更高、作用更大（如改进或简化工作方法）

escalate v.（cause sth to）increase or develop by successive stages；become or make（sth）more intense（使某事物）逐步增长或发展；（使某事物）更紧张

rally v.～（round/to sb/sth）；～（round）（of people）come together，esp to make new efforts，eg after a defeat or when there is danger，need，etc（指人）集合起来（尤指重新努力，如失败后或有危险、有需要等）

tap v.～（sth/sb）（for sth）extract or obtain（sth）from sth/sb自某物（某人）处引出或获取（某物）

chronic adj.（esp.of a disease）lasting for a long time；continually recurring（尤指疾病）长期的，慢性的；连续复发的

embrace v.（fml）accept or take（an idea，etc）willingly欣然接受或采取（某意见等）

triage v.treat（patients，problems，suggestions，etc）according to the principle of“priority”；to those most in need of rescue，help，attention，solution，etc）（在紧急情况下）确定优先次序，应急处理；轻重缓急地对待

court v.try to gain the favour of（a rich or influential person）讨好（有钱或有势的人）；（often derog常作贬义）try to win or obtain（sth）设法赢得或获得（某事物）

implement v.put（sth）into effect；carry out使（某事物）生效；履行；实施；贯彻

correlate v.～（with sth）；～（A and/with B）have a mutual relation or connection，esp of affecting or depending on each other相关或相互关联；（尤指）相互影响或相互依存

dominate v.have control of or a very strong influence on（people，events，etc）支配，统治，控制，影响（人、事等）

intuitive adj.spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency；obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation直觉的；凭直觉获知的

customize v.to change something to make it more suitable for you，or to make it look special or different from things of a similar type定做，按客户具体要求制造

appeal to v.attract；seem good to有感染力；有吸引力

obsess v.（usu passive）fill the mind of（sb）continually使（某人）牵挂、惦念、着迷或困扰

morale n.［U］state of confidence，enthusiasm，determination，etc of a person or group at a particular time士气；精神状态

erode v.（esp.passive）（of acids，rain，wind，etc）destroy or wear（sth）away gradually（指酸、雨、风等）侵蚀，腐蚀（某物）

manipulate v.control or influence（sb）cleverly or by unfair means（巧妙地或不正当地）控制，操纵，影响（某人）

verbatim adj./adv.exactly as spoken or written；word for word一字不差（的）；逐字（的）

domain n.lands owned or ruled by a nobleman，government，etc（贵族、政府等的）领 地，领土

coach v.～（sb）（for/in sth）teach or train sb，esp for an examination or a sporting contest辅导或训练某人（尤指为参加考试或比赛）

skeptical adj.disbelieving；suspicious；denying or questioning the tenets of especially a religion怀疑的；怀疑论的，不可知论的

economics n.［sing v］condition of a country as regards its wealth国家的经济状况