1.What is claims in international negotiation?

2.What are the common reasons for claims to happen and what are the two types of claim clauses in international trading contracts?

Claims in international trade refers to the violation of the contract by one party specified causing the results of the loss suffered by the other party either directly or indirectly during the transaction process of import or export.The loss party demands compensation for the damages or losses incurred.There are usually two types of claim clauses in the contract:one is discrepancy and claim clause; the other is penalty clause.There can be a variety of reasons for the conflicts and claims to happen such as the quality of the shipped cargo is not up to the specified standards.A second common claim occurs when the goods can not be delivered on time or there is a delayed delivery date.On these accounts the buyer will ask for a discount or a refusal of payment.The seller can also claim on the condition that the buyer opens the letter of credit late or the buyer is not ready for the installment and maintaining of the relevant sold machines.