1.What are the two scoring schemes to help negotiators make decisions?

2.What are some of the tradeoff options to consider apart from the cost,time and quality etc.?

Negotiators should not leave decision-making to chances and probabilities.Choices,tradeoffs and concessions should be made based on rational value and utility scoring system.Researchers sometimes distinguish between value scoring scheme and utility scoring scheme (Keeney and Raiffa,1976).Regardless of what numbers imply,you might strongly prefer the certainty of the contract to the uncertainty of the gamble because the scoring system was constructed on the basis of nongambling tradeoff options.However,the value scoring,which allows you to assign an overall numerical value to any contract,does not reflect your attitudes toward risk.Here is where the advantages of utility scoring become apparent.Utility scoring techniques enable one to find suitable scoring procedures that not only reflect preferences under certainty,but that appropriately use expected utility calculations as guidelines for choices between lotteries with well-specified probabilities.