6.4　Recharging in Complete Safety

Text（课文）

Standardization

The electric car is at the crossroads of two worlds.When it moves，it is a car which must be conceived to respect all the regulations of the automotive world.When it is being recharged，it is also comparable to electric equipment and must respect the corresponding regulations and standards.But it is not equipment like domestic devices because it is subjected to a harsh environment and must resist stronger constraints than those met in domestic usage.The questions relating to electric safety during recharging were largely discussed during the 1990s and gave rise to a series of standards describing charge equipment specifically.These standards are the result of an international dialog which succeeded in establishing a common text which covers the various types of networks throughout the world and which adapts to the various practices of each country.Indeed，not all electrical communications resemble each other and the methods of protection available are not identical.

Hydrogen emissions

The regulation asks for an absence of hydrogen release under conditions of normal charge.

Various plugs used for recharging

The standardized 16-and 32-amp home plugs.

The standard power-plug

The plug on the vehicle must allow normal charge on a 16 A plug and fast charge on specific terminals.Integration on the vehicle is an essential aspect.Specific plugs have been developed and standardized.

Charge stations in public spaces

For example，many chargers are available in France such as:underground chargers，recharging at the place of residence，and calibration of the plugs（Figure 6.8 and Figure 6.9）.

Figure 6.8　Mare`chal socket on electric vehicles

Difficulties relating to the installation of chargers in public spaces:

1）analysis of the recharging cost；

2）the cost of installation；

3）the cost of invoicing；

4）difficulties caused by the invoicing.

Figure 6.9　Charge stations

New words and expressions（单词和短语）

1.New words（单词）

2.Expressions（短语）

Notes to the text（难点解析）

★1.When it moves，it is a car which must be conceived to respect all the regulations of the automotive world.When it is being recharged，it is also comparable to electric equipment and must respect the corresponding regulations and standards.在行驶的时候它是汽车，必须遵守汽车行业的所有规范；当充电时，它也作为电气设备，必须遵守相应的法规和标准。

★2.The regulation asks for an absence of hydrogen release under conditions of normal charge.法规要求，在正常充电的情况下电池不得排出氢气。

Exercises（练习）

◆1.Translate the following passages（expressions）into Chinese（英译汉）

（1）The plug on the vehicle must allow normal charge on a 16 A plug.

（2）public spaces

（3）place of residence

◆2.Translate the following passages（expressions）into English（汉译英）

（1）充电成本

（2）充电站

◆3.Directions:Answer the following questions briefly according to the text

What are the difficulties relating to the installation of chargers in public spaces？

Reading material（阅读材料）

The standards distinguish various recharging modes.

Four modes of direct recharging（using connectors）are defined.The recharging must be done at home，in the workshops of companies and in the street.As an example，in the USA the domestic voltage is only 110 V but electric vehicles have higher performance and require a higher on-board energy（the electric ranger has 30 kW·h of on-board battery）than small French sedans which comprise a battery of only 11 kW·h and are supplied from a network having a voltage of 230 V.