4.2　Battery Management

Text（课文）

Battery management systems（BMS）are widely used in systems where a group of battery cells are connected in series and/or parallel to deliver large power.In an EV，HEV，or PHEV，there are hundreds or even thousands of battery cells in a pack depending on the type of battery cells used.It is critical to monitor and control the batteries so that optimum performance of the system can be achieved and at the same time，the vehicle safety is maintained and the ESS life is extended.

A BMS can have a few levels of functionality.At the simplest level，a BMS should be able to monitor the battery parameters，such as voltage，current，temperature，state of charge（SOC），and state of health（SOH）.At the next level，the BMS needs to control the charge and discharge，balance the cells，and maintain health of the battery.The other functions of the BMS include thermal management and safety protections，i.e.，capability of isolation faulty battery cells in a fault condition.

New words and expressions（单词和短语）

1.New words（单词）

2.Expressions（短语）

Notes to the text（难点解析）

★1.The other functions of the BMS include thermal management and safety protections，i.e.，capability of isolation faulty battery cells in a fault condition.BMS的其他功能还有热管理和安全保护措施，即在故障情况下能够隔离故障单体电池。

Exercises（练习）

◆1.Translate the following passages（expressions）into Chinese（英译汉）

（1）At the simplest level，a BMS should be able to monitor the battery parameters，such as voltage，current，temperature，state of charge（SOC），and state of health（SOH）.

（2）It is critical to monitor and control the batteries.

（3）battery management systems

（4）in a fault condition

◆2.Translate the following passages（expressions）into English（汉译英）

（1）热管理

（2）安全保护措施

（3）BMS能够监测电池参数。

◆3.Directions:Answer the following questions briefly according to the text

What functionality can a BMS have？

Reading material（阅读材料）

Energy management has multiple goals.It of course involves the distribution of energy（implying instantaneous power as well）depending on load demand.It also implies protection of the system in case some threshold is exceeded，for example，voltage，current，SOC，and so on.Further，since the resource is not unlimited，it involves the best allocation of resources with the objective of minimizing fuel consumption while observing various constraints.Thus good energy management leads to better fuel economy and/or lower emissions，and it also leads to enhanced life of devices.For example，by controlling the SOC properly，it may be possible to better maintain the battery's health，thus requiring less replacement.To be more precise，power management has the goal to take a holistic view of the system，not just from the point of view of fuel economy；or rather，it is to achieve a minimum life cycle cost of the system，from the point of view of operation，maintenance，and longevity，all taken together.