3.3.3　Lithium-Based Batteries

Text（课文）

Lithium is the lightest of all metals and presents very interesting characteristics from an electrochemical point of view.Indeed，it allows a very high thermodynamic voltage，which results in a very high specific energy and specific power.

1.Li-I Battery

Since the first announcement of the Li-I battery in 1991，the Li-I battery technology has seen an unprecedented rise to what is now considered to be the most promising rechargeable battery of the future.Although still in the stage of development，the Li-I battery has already gained acceptance for EV and HEV applications.

The Li-I battery uses a lithiated carbon intercalation material（LixC）for the negative electrode instead of metallic lithium，a lithiated transition metal intercalation oxide（Li1-xMyOz）for the positive electrode，and a liquid organic solution or a solid polymer for the electrolyte.Li-I battery has a nominal voltage of 4 V，a specific energy of 120（W·h）/kg，an energy density of 200（W·h）/L，and a specific power of 260 W/kg.It is anticipated that the development of the Li-I battery will ultimately move to the manganese-based type because of the low cost，abundance，and environmental friendliness of the manganese-based materials.

New words and expressions（单词和短语）

1.New words（单词）

2.Expressions（短语）

Notes to the text（难点解析）

★1.Although still in the stage of development，the Li-I battery has already gained acceptance for EV and HEV applications.虽然依然处于发展阶段，Li-I蓄电池已经在电动汽车和混合动力电动汽车的应用中获得了认可。

★2.It is anticipated that the development of the Li-I battery will ultimately move to the manganese-based type because of the low cost，abundance，and environmental friendliness of the manganese-based materials.可以预期，Li-I蓄电池的发展将最终归结于锰基型Li-I电池，因为其成本低、原材料储量充裕，且锰基型材料对环境友好。

Exercises（练习）

◆1.Translate the following passages（expressions）into Chinese（英译汉）

（1）unprecedented rise

（2）liquid organic solution

◆2.Translate the following passages（expressions）into English（汉译英）

（1）最有希望的

（2）被认为是

（3）制造技术已有了空前的提高。

Reading material（阅读材料）

The interest in secondary lithium cells soared soon after the advent of lithium primary cells in the 1970s.The nominal cell voltage for a Li-I battery is 3.6 V，which is equivalent to three Ni-MH or Ni-Cd battery cells.

Li-I batteries have high specific energy，high specific power，high energy efficiency，good high-temperature performance，and low self-discharge.The components of Li-I batteries are also recyclable.These characteristics make Li-I batteries highly suitable for EV and HEV and other applications of rechargeable batteries.