Chapter 3　Energy Storages

Text（课文）

“Energy storages”are defined as devices that store energy，deliver energy outside（discharge），and accept energy from outside（charge）.There are several types of energy storages that have been proposed for EV and HEV applications.These energy storages，so far，mainly include chemical batteries，ultracapacitors or supercapacitors，and ultra-high-speed flywheels.The fuel cell is a type of energy converter.

There are a number of requirements for energy storages applied in an automotive application，such as specific energy，specific power，efficiency，the maintenance requirement，management，costs，environmental adaptation and friendliness，and safety.For application on an EV，specific energy is the first consideration since it limits the vehicle range.On the other hand，for HEV applications，specific energy becomes less important and specific power is the first consideration，because all the energy is from the energy source and sufficient power is needed to ensure vehicle performance，particularly during acceleration，hill climbing，and regenerative braking.Of course，other requirements should be fully considered in the vehicle drive-train development.

New words and expressions（单词和短语）

1.New words（单词）

2.Expressions（短语）

Notes to the text（难点解析）

★1.“Energy storages”are defined as devices that store energy，deliver energy outside（discharge），and accept energy from outside（charge）.“能量储存”定义为储存能量、向外传送能量（放电）和从外部接收能量（充电）的装置。

★2.For application on an EV，specific energy is the first consideration since it limits the vehicle range.就电动汽车的应用而言，比能量是首要的技术条件，因为它约束了车辆的行程。

Exercises（练习）

◆1.Translate the following passages（expressions）into Chinese（英译汉）

（1）The fuel cell is a type of energy converter.

（2）specific energy

（3）drive-train

◆2.Translate the following passages（expressions）into English（汉译英）

（1）比功率

（2）再生制动

◆3.Directions:Answer the following questions briefly according to the text

Could you tell us several requirements for energy storages applied in an automotive application？

Reading material（阅读材料）

The hybridization of energy storage involves combining two or more energy storages together so that the advantages of each can be brought out and the disadvantages can be compensated by others.For instance，the hybridization of a chemical battery with an ultracapacitor can overcome problems such as the low specific power of chemical batteries and low specific energy of ultracapacitors，thus achieving high specific energy and high specific power.Basically，the hybridized energy storage consists of two basic energy storages，one with high specific energy and the other with high specific power.