三、Part2 常考话题二——物品类
（一）题目剖析
物品类话题在近年考试中占了大约四分之一，而且涉及的范围比较广，它下面每一个小类或者分支的话题虽然考到的频率没有人物类和经历类那么高，但是没法像人物类备考时那样“举一反三”，所以大家往往不清楚从哪些方面下手，这里改编评分标准部分的范文 My favorite book connected with my job 为My favorite book connected with my studies（一个学英语教育专业的学生角度）给大家梳理一下。
相应的题目：Describe your favourite/a worth reading book./ Describe a book you read and remember./ Talk about a book you enjoyed reading / read recently./ Describe a book you would recommend your friends to read./ Describe a gift you gave to someone（your friend）./ Describe something you recently bought./ Describe something you want to purchase.
和人物类一样，先说明要描述的是个什么物品；然后我们在分析具体题目之前要系统了解下描述物品的不同切入角度。
说明物品的句型：
（1）My favorite book is a novel named X, written by American writer Y.
（2）Speaking of an item of clothing I would choose for a special occasion, X will be my priority.
（二）外 观
和人物一样，一个东西一眼看上去，首先应该是形状大小和颜色：
1.形 状
circle 圆/round/rounded 圆形的；conical/cone-shaped 圆锥形的；square 方形的；oblong 长方形或椭圆形；rectangular 长方形；diamond-shaped 菱形的；triangular 三角形；pentagonal五角（边）形的；Number＋-sided 多边形（比如six-sided 六边形）；spherical 球形的；cubic立方的；curved 弯曲的；shaped like X
2.大 小
length (×× centimeter long/in length) 长度；width/breadth (×× cm wide/broad; ×× cm in width/breadth) 宽度；height (×× cm high/tall /in height) 高度；thickness (×× cm thick/in thickness)厚度；perimeter 周长；diameter 直径；semi-diameter/radius 半径；thin 薄；thick 厚；semi/hemi 前缀表示半个，比如semi-sphere 半球体，the Southern hemisphere 南半球
另外，breadth 有时候还可以指抽象的宽度，比如breadth of his/her learning；而高度和厚度也有些许区别，比如山峰(peak)一般对应(height)，而书本则对应(thickness)。
3.尺 寸
compact 紧凑的；tiny 微小的；small 小的；average-sized 均码；middle-sized 中等大小；big, huge 大的
4.颜 色
multicoloured 多色彩的；silver 银色；gold 金色；oyster white 乳白色；snowy white 雪白色；purple/violet 紫色
例如：The enclosure（围墙）is painted rose gold（玫瑰金）.
其实生活中除了常见的颜色，还有比如宝马汽车BMW 的勃艮第红(burgundy)和墨尔本红(Melbourne Red) 就比较特殊。
此外，还可以在颜色前加dark 或者light 表示浓淡，比如深蓝色(dark-blue)，淡粉色(light pink)。
5.重 量
a weight of just half kilograms/to weight 1 kg
电子产品(electronics)一般喜欢强调重量轻、便携(portable).
6.材 料
metal 金属；plastic 塑料；steel 钢；iron 铁；aluminium 铝；gold; platinum 白金；cotton棉；leather 皮革
形容词：golden 金的/ wooden 木头的/woolen 羊毛的
X be made of/from Y: X 由Y 制成，主语为制成品。
be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理变化.
例如：The kite is made of paper．风筝是用纸做的。
be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。
例如：The paper is made from wood．纸是木头做的。
7.原产地
Made in China/Chinese made; Made in the US/American made
介绍物品外观的句型：
（1）X is about 20cm long,10cm wide and 6cm high and the colour is red, which looks very bright.
（2）X is usually made of red paper/Y.The shape of X is the most popular because it means Z.
（3）It is a dark blue single breasted suits（单排扣西装）and there is a slit（开口）on the back.
8.总体印象
cool; attractive; impressive; elegant 优雅的/讲究的；well-made; delicate 精美的；exquisite精致的/高雅的；expensive; magnificent 华丽的/宏伟的
例如：
（1）It looks so attractive and is exquisite, especially for its decorations.
（2）The necklace is an ancient, elegant, golden but tiny one, shaped like a lovely chicken.
（3）Mobile phones nowadays are very light, compact and fashionable phones, convenient to carry, made of plastic and metal.（音频130）
（三）背景信息
As you may know, I’m studying as a college student locally.To become a qualified graduate in this competitive job market, I’v read many books related to the knowledge and skills required in my field, both in English studies and educational theories and practice.Among all of them, I’d like to mention here is the book named A theory of Human Motivation by Doctor Maslow, which was published in 1941.（音频131）
开场引入句型：
Like most of my peers, I got many gifts in the childhood.Here I want to describe a book/toy received on my 12th birthday.Actually, it was a/an X.
用一般过去时和过去进行时描述你是怎么知道 / 得到某个物品的。
例如：I saw the Statue of Liberty when I was studying in America.
While I was visiting my uncle for Christmas, I got a great toy.（音频132）
（四）重要性
My choice seems strange because such topic turns not to be connected with my potential job directly.So let me put it this way.To encourage my future students to work harder, only by knowing their pursuit and desire, could we carry out our duties and motivate them more effectively and efficiently.(As you may be aware that the students nowadays are quite different from previous ones, who are less self-motivated so that we have to find ways to persuade or even push them to learn something during their campus days).This book is just the right one to offer us scientific guidance in dealing with current students.（音频133）
相应的题目有：Describe a thing which is important to you./ Describe something important you own./ Describe something you would like to keep for a long time./ Describe a valuable possession (财产) you have./ Describe an expensive gift you got.
假如一本书上面有著名作者的签名或者它是限量版的书，那么它当然对我很重要，我得好好保存。
（五）功能和特点
motivational novel 励志小说；romantic novel 爱情小说；detective novel 侦探小说
描述物品的功能、价值的句型：
（1）I think X has three/many functions/advantages.First, … Second, …Third, …
（2）Compared with the old, conventional X, this new device has considerable advantages.First, … Besides, …
例如：
Fortunately, being a bilingual（双语的）reference book, this publication（出版物）has not only helped me much in my English improvement, but also benefited me a lot in the psychological area, and many of my students graduated or not show great respect and appreciation to my efforts on motivation in their studies.
其实功能（function）的内容，一般用在电子产品的话题更为好说。比如：convenient，方便的；user-friendly 用户界面友好的；easy to operate and repair 容易操作和修理的；click the mouse 点鼠标；just slide and touch 仅滑动和触摸；multi-functional 多功能的，现在智能手机（smart phone）因为网络和 App 的结合（integration），已经是超级（super）多功能（multi-functional）了。
（六）用 途
描述物品的用途的句型：
can help sb to do, be used to do/for doing sth；
be useful/ great for doing；
provide sth to sb, provide sb with sth；
be important for, be appreciated because/for.
例如：
A pocket digital camera is great for taking quick photos when on holidays.
English practice classes provide an environment for students to speak with live native English speakers.
Cars provide ordinary people with the freedom to travel independently anywhere, at any time.
I want to buy a dish-washer as it’s important for avoiding wasting much time on washing so many dishes daily.（音频134）
特点（feature）可以包括：economical 经济的；energy-saving 省能源的；time-saving 省时的）；environmentally-friendly 环保的/ pollution-free 无污染的；portable 便携的；complicated复杂的。
开场引入句型：
The feature I value most among all is portability/…
Another feature, which is also awesome is that/about its portability /…
描述书本内容的句型：
（1）The story is about X, and what impressed me most is Y.
（2）This book focuses on/ mainly discusses about X.
（七）优缺点
有横向的对比 (comparison) 才能有优缺点。
Compared with other writings, this one is among the top classical books in studies of human psychology.While it does show some drawbacks, for example, too many obscure（晦涩的）academic terms（术语）hamper readers to digest its points, especially for those non-English speaker.Luckily, there are editions with Chinese translations available in the market now.（音频135）
当然，电子设备的优缺点可以是功能部分的特点，加上比较级就更好了，比如：more economical/environmentally-friendly 等。
解释喜欢该物品的原因的句型：
（1）Despite its defects, I like X because … Besides, it brings me a sense of Y.
（2）I think X is useful because it offers us Y.What’s more, …
（3）I love the book/movie very much, because it creates a vivid character, which encourages me deeply.
（4）I love X very much because it is the only gift from X
（八）总 结
I really enjoy/appreciate it.
It is really convenient and useful.
口语话题的总结虽然不是必需的，但是一方面可以增加我们说话的内容，另一方面还可以再次扣题，增强逻辑性。
例如：Finally, I wanna say, being a student, I believe I’m lucky enough to come across this book related with my studies before I graduate.（音频136）
这里再强调一次，考试时间有限，回答问题时不必面面俱到，一般抓住某个物品比较明显的一两个特征来展开描述就好了。
这本书的信息其实还可以用到很多其他相关的话题：
Describe your favourite magazine./ Describe a magazine (newspaper) that you read often/daily.
变成一本心理学或者管理学的杂志或报纸，按月(monthly) /按周(weekly)/按天（daily）发行(issued) 。
当然，对于没有专业的中学生来讲，上面的例子可以稍加改编，变成一个要申请大学的中学生。
例如：
As you may know, I’m studying as a high school student locally.To become a qualified candidate in the competitive higher education entrance exam, I’v read many books related to the knowledge and skills required in my target university course, both in English studies and educational theories and practice.Among all of them, what I’d like to mention here is the book named A theory of Human Motivation by Doctor Maslow, which was published in 1941.
My choice seems strange because such topic turns not to be connected with my potential subject directly.So let me put it this way.To encourage myself to work harder, only by knowing my pursuit and desire indeed, could I plan my future and studies more effectively and efficiently.
Fortunately, being a bilingual reference book, this publication has not only helped me much in my English improvement, but also benefited me a lot in the psychological area.Besides, compared with other writings, this one is among the top classical books in studies of human psychology.While it does show some drawbacks, for example, too many obscure academic terms hamper readers to digest its points, especially for those non-English speakers.Luckily, there are editions with Chinese translations available in the market now.
Finally, I wanna say, I believe I’m lucky enough to come across this book related with my favorite studies before I apply for my further education institute.（音频137）
此外，大多数物品类的语料都可以回答Describe something given to you that you really need，包括一本书、一个电子产品等。
（九）基础话题
1.谈话或讲座
这是学生比较熟悉的话题，可以结合事件经历类共同描述。除去教师或者主持人的讲解内容有趣外，讲解人本身也可以有趣，可结合人物类话题描述；还可以是讲授形式有趣，包括活动和互动（activities/interaction）：比如翻转课堂（flipped classroom）：Students listen and watch lectures via video on their own time outside of class, and use the time in class to complete homework, work through problems, collaborate with others and the instructor, discuss advanced concepts, and carry out other more engaging or interactive activities, like real life stories sharing and scenario simulation（情景模拟）.
2.技能和语言
Describe a skill that you need long time to learn.
You should say:
What it was
When you learnt it
Why it took you so much time to learn
And how you felt about it
技能除了后面将要谈到的厨艺外，语言本身就是一种技能。上题同样适用 Describe a language you want to learn (not English)。即使不是英语，其他语言多少都会涉及词汇和语法问题，也是学习一门语言的困难点所在。
You should say:
What it is
How you would learn it
Where you would learn it
And why you want to learn the language
3.电 影
饮食，购物和娱乐新闻媒体是雅思常考的关于我们日常生活的话题。
① Describe a (foreign) movie you have recently watched./ Talk about a film which was adapted from（改编自）a book./ Talk about a critically acclaimed（极为称赞的）film you that you watched./ Describe the best film you saw this year./ Describe your favorite movie/a movie you would like to watch again.② Describe a movie that was made based on a real（historic）event./ ③ Describe a war movie you have watched.
① 选择一部自己比较熟悉的电影即可。
② 相信自己要讲的电影是真实事件改编的就行。
③ 把故事主人公改成因为在战斗中（battle）失败而被关进监狱就成了战争电影。
那么我要讲的电影是：《肖申克的救赎》——The Shawshank Redemption.对于类似故事情节发展的描述可以参考Part2 经历部分，但是要记得用At the beginning, and then, after that, at last等等。
描述电影情节，通常要用一般现在时。
例如：
The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, and starred by（领衔主演）Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.Adapted（改编）from the Stephen King novella（中短篇小说）Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption, the film tells the story of Andy Dufresne, a banker who is sentenced to（被判刑）life in Shawshank State Penitentiary（监狱）for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence（不顾他的无罪声明）.
During his time at the prison, he befriends（帮助）a fellow inmate（狱友）, Ellis Boyd “Red” Redding, and finds himself protected by the guards after the warden（典狱官）begins using him in his money-laundering（洗钱）operation.Long time after, Andy escaped（逃脱）through a tunnel（地道）that he dug with his rock hammer over the last 19 years.
After serving（服刑）forty years, Red is finally paroled（假释）.He struggles to adapt to life outside prison and fears he never will.Remembering his promise to Andy, he visits Buxton and finds a cache（贮存物）containing money and a letter asking him to come to Zihuatanejo.Red violates（违反）his parole and travels to Fort Hancock, Texas to cross the border（边界）to Mexico, admitting he finally feels hope.On a beach in Zihuatanejo he finds Andy, and the two friends are happily reunited.（音频138）
关于导演、演员、拍摄年代、故事涉及人物名和地点等细节，记不清可以不说。如果语速慢，第三段关于重逢（reunite）的可以不说或者略说，重点说这个电影讲述的故事表达了一个信念（express a belief）——坚持不懈终能成功（never give up and success comes from persistence）。
科幻（science fiction）：Describe a science fiction movie（book）your have watched（read）.把从监狱逃脱（escape）的故事的时间和地点改为1000 年以后、火星（Mars）上即可。
童话（fairy-tale）和寓言（fable）：Describe a（bed time）story you heard from one of your family members（read）in your childhood / you remember well.
我们小时候听过的故事其实挺多，比如龟兔赛跑（The Race between Hare and Tortoise），阿里巴巴和四十大盗（Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from the 1001 Nights）。但是以上题目硬要套用《肖申克的救赎》这个故事也是可以的，父母从我小时候就讲这么复杂（complicated）的故事，为的是让我具有批判性思维（critical thinking）。
另外还可能遇到公共事件（活动）或者（现场）表演的题目：Describe a public event or（live）performance that you enjoyed very much（have watched）.我们把《肖申克的救赎》搬上舞台（stage），地点放到剧场（theatre）、体育场（stadium）甚至广场（square）即可。
电影类型：Hollywood fairy-tale 好莱坞大片；documentary 纪录片；horror film 恐怖片；fantasy film 幻想电影；science fiction 科幻电影（小说）；romance/ romantic film 爱情片；drama剧情片；animation/ animated film 卡通片；disaster film 灾难片；detective film 侦探片；action film 动作片；comedy film 喜剧片；suspense film 悬疑片。
相关词汇：
cast 演员阵容；leading/title actor 主演；supporting actor 配角；actor/actress 男/女演员；hero/heroine 男/女主人公；leading character 主角；villain 反派；feature 以…为特色；
somebody stars in the film/the film stars somebody 电影由某人领衔主演；
performance/acting 表演；camera work 摄影；director 导演；film buff 影迷；
blockbuster（轰动/成功的）大片；box office hit/smash 票房大卖/冠军；cater to 迎合；
plot 情节；theater, cinema 电影院；scene 场景；film festival 电影节；
stuntman 特技替身演员；special effects 特效；commercial success 商业成功；
theme music 主题曲.
电影情节plot:
the plot describes/portrays…(a inspiring story about friendship)
The film tells a Y story about X.
相关形容词：
喜剧：funny, amusing, hilarious, entertaining,
爱情片：romantic, heartbreaking, refreshing, moving, touching, artistic
戏剧：appealing, inspiring/encouraging, warm, bittersweet, thought-provoking, informative, enlightening,
科幻：imaginative, legendary, incredible, amazing
恐怖：scary, terrifying, frightening
喜欢该电影原因：
story/ original work 原著；author，作者；plot 情节；sound track 配音；actors’ performance演技；special effects 特效；visual effects 视觉效果。
4.电器和电子设备
电器(electrics)是所有用电设备的总称，常说的家用(household)电器有电视(TV)、空调(air-conditioner)、冰箱(refrigerator)等；电子设备(electronics)是指一些有精密电子线路和配件的用电设备，比如手机、MP3 播放器、平板电脑等。不过这个智能家居时代 (smart home era)，这两者的区别已经在缩小了。
我们看一下如下题目：Talk about a (luxury) item / household appliance / machine or something electronic you want to buy./ Describe what you would buy if you have a lot of money./ Describe a gift for others that took you a long time to choose./ Describe a tools or device that you know about./ Describe an electronic device that you use (at your home)./ Describe a trendy (流行的) fashion item you know about./ Describe a latest fashion item you have.
我们这里讲一个自己想要但是暂时买不起的家用电器：索尼（Sony）的Play Station 4.当然，男同学一般对硬件配置 (hardware configuration/context) 比较在意，而女同学通常更看中外观，包括时尚感 (fashion sense)、设计和颜色。
开场引入句型：
The electric appliance I’d like to describe is a game machine - PlayStation, which started to be po pular in Ch ina abo ut 20 yea rs a go and people, especially the teenagers favour it v ery much.
背景：
The PlayStation 4 Pro, abbreviated as（缩写为）PS4 Pro, is a home video game device developed by Sony.As the successor（继承者）and upgraded version of the PlayStation 4, it was released（发售）worldwide last year（in 2016）, with a Pr e-Order（预定的）retailing（零售的）price at $399.
外观：
The box is 30×30×5 cm（×读作by）, not very tiny and portable.While the controller（控制器/手柄）was redesigned and improved over the PS3, with improved buttons（按钮）and analog（模拟）sticks, and an integrated touchpad（触摸屏）among other changes is also worth mentioning.Generally, the colour is b lack, but for girls and other fashion followers, there are additional options including pink and purple.
功能：
This version of the PS4 improves in-game visuals（图形效果）and video playback（重放）by double upgrading its hardware（硬件）capability（性能）, with its internal storage（内部存储）up to 1TB.PS4 Pro places an increased emphasis（强调）on social interaction（互动）and integration（集成）with other devices and services, including the ability to play games remotely（遥远地）on supported Sony mobile devices, the ability to stream（促成）gameplay online or to friends, with them sharing the same game remotely.（音频139）
大家一定记得多评价。比如：
PS4 brings praising（表扬）to Sony for acknowledging（迎合）its consumers’ needs（客户需求）, and PS4’s capabilities in co mparison to its comp etitors.Adm ittedly, dev elopers described the performance difference between this device and others as be ing ‘significant’ and ‘obvious’.（音频140）
另外，“Describe a useful device (possession) you have at your home./ Describe an important device or tool you have”的题目我们可以说游戏机带给我们欢乐并且给朋友相聚创造机会，所以有用而且重要；“Describe a special toy (favourite toy or device) you got in your childhood./ Describe a toy you bought for someone (gave to a child).”可以回答游戏机是个玩具。
5.发 明
把上面的游戏机内容稍加改造成个人电脑（personal computer），就可以适用于大部分关于重要发明的话题了。或者我们可以回答我们国家的四大发明（the Four Great Inventions）：造纸术（Papermaking），印刷术（Printing Technique），火药（Gunpowder），指南针（Compass）；或者新的：高铁（High Speed Rail/Train），移动（手机）支付（Mobile Payment），共享经济/单车（Sharing Economy/Bikes），网购（online shopping）。当然还有Wifi 和空调（air conditioner），其中很多发明都是可以双边（bilaterally）讨论的问题，比如空调的排放物（emission）也会污染环境。
背景：
The personal computer (abbreviated as PC) is a general-purpose（多用途的）computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible（可行的）for individual use.It was invented by an Italian engineer with a strange name in 1964, and sorry for that I really don’t remember his name.Nowadays, its retailing price ranges from around $100 to $1000 generally.
外观：
Referring to its size, a desktop PC is normally 30×10×30 cm, not very tiny and portable, but compared with its previous editions in history, it is more convenient to use and carry this device now.In addition, there are the latest laptop and tablet（平板）computers designed to be hand-carried or held, because the whole sets has been redesigned many times, with im proved structure and hardware, and an adva nced operating system among other changes.Generally, the colour is black, but for girls and other fashion followers, there are additional options including pink, purple and even more cartoon styles.
功能：
The capability has be en tr emendously ( 极大地) increased thr ough con tinuously upgrading it s hardware with an internal storage up to 1TB in the cu rrent market.Th e designing of PC places an incr eased emphasis on social interaction and integration with other devices and services, including the ability to exchange information with other users connected by the Internet remotely.Besides, a range of software applications are available for PC, including,
but are not limit ed to, word processing (处理), spreadsheets (电子表格), databases (数据库), web browsers (网页浏览器) and email, digital (数字地) media playback, video games and many personal products (产品) and special-purpose ones.
评价：
PC brings praising to its inventor and developers for acknowledging user’s needs, and its capabilities in comparison to it s com petitors (smart phones etc.).Ad mittedly, dev elopers described the performance difference between this device and others as being “significant” and “obvious”.（音频141）
电脑内容适用的题目包括：①Describe something that has changed the world./ Talk about an important invention of the history./ Describe an important modern invention./ Talk about an invention that has made our life easier./ Describe a tool or device that you often use (at home)./ Describe device that you bought recently./ Describe an electronic device you own.②Describe an inventor (发明家) who has a great contribution to the world.③ Describe something you bought that you were dissatisfied with.
① 电脑作为改变世界的发明当之无愧，注意展开说明。
② 看清楚是一个人，而不是发明，那么除了说他/她的发明外，一定要加上对人的描述。比如，美国科学家——计算机之父 John von Neumann，桌上个人电脑 (desktop personal computer) 的发明者——意大利工程师Pier Giorgio Perotto 都可以。③不满意的方面可以包括：颜色、大小、耗电(power consumption)、噪音等。
6.网站（软件/应用程序）
Describe a website you often visit./ Describe your most favourite website./ Describe an important website you know about./ Describe a social networking website.
可回答：我喜欢浏览 (browse) 一些关于电脑、游戏科技、厨艺、新闻等信息的网站（可结合本书提到的多数话题），因为在那里我可以及时了解到 (keep informed) 最新的科技和产品 (latest techniques & products)，还可以和其他有着相同兴趣爱好 (interests) 的朋友保持联络 (get in touch with)，因此也具有社交 (social networking) 功能；同时，软件和应用程序也可以具有和网站相同或者类似的功能，比如购物和社交。
7.照 片
照片这个话题其实很好说，比如你和某名人或者家人的合影，重点介绍这个人对你的帮助或者你们之间发生的事情；也可以是一本书的照片或电影的截图，借此插入我们对物品的描述。
相关题目有：① Describe a photograph that you really like./ Describe a family photograph you have./ ② Talk about an old thing you still have.
8.动 物
也有把动物归类到人物类话题下面的，毕竟这二者之间还是有一些共性的。作为经典考题，我们简单了解一下：
Describe an animal or a bird in your country./ Describe a domestic animal you know about./ Describe a bird that you like (know about)./ Talk about a wild animal you have seen./ Describe a beautiful creature you know about./ Describe a distinguishable animal you know about./Describe an animal that you like to have in the future./ Describe a pet you or someone you know had.
还有个题目“Describe a useful animal”。除了说警犬之外，还可以说一种鸟：鸬鹚（cormorant），这个词还指贪婪的人，因为这个鸟捕鱼（catch fish）起来就不停，因此被渔民（fisher）利用。
外形：
Cormorants are medium-to-large size birds, with body weight in the range of around 5 kilograms and wing span up to 100 cm.The majority of them have dark feathers.The bill (鸟嘴) is long, thin and hooked.Their feet have webbing（厚边）between all four toes.
习性：
All species are fish-eaters, catching the prey by diving from the surface.They are excellent divers, and under water they propel（推进）themselves with their feet with help from their wings; some cormorants have been found to dive as deep as 45 meters.They have relatively short wings due to their need for economical movement underwater, and consequently have the highest flight costs of any bird.
利用：
Cormorants nest in colonies around the shore, on trees, islets or cliffs.They are coastal rather than oceanic birds, and some have colonised inland waters – indeed, the original ancestor of cormorants seems to have been a fresh-water bird.They range around the world, except for the central Pacific islands.Because their nature is mild and easily to be domesticated, the fishers in ancient China utilized them to catch loads of fish with boats in rivers and lakes.Besides, as their instinct drives, they could keep on fishing for hours and this benefits their feeders a lot.（音频142）
9.植 物
这也是当前的冷门题目，尤其是问题②，养花的经历不是人人都有的；问题③可以说农业 (Agriculture)。
① Describe a common/important plantcrop/grown/a major crop or production/vegetable/ export item (出口产品) in your country./ Describe a tall plant you have seen./ ②Describe flower plant you had at your home./ ③Describe an area of your country where lots of people are working./ Describe an industry in your country.
① 生活在一个农业大国，我们可以说小麦 (wheat)。② 注意：小麦也会开花，是微小的，淡黄或淡白色的 (tiny & light yellow or white)。
例如：
Wheat is a kind of grain, originally from a remote region abroad but now cultivated worldwide.In China, this crop has been the dominant food resource since I was a little boy, especially in the wide northern part.I mean, this grain is grown on more land area than any other commercial food here.
As you may know, I’m a student/interested in Agriculture so I made some research about this plant.You know what? The world trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined.Globally, wheat is the leading source of vegetal (植物的) protein (蛋白) in human food, having a protein content of about 13%, which is relatively high compared to other major cereals (谷物) and staple (主食) foods.When eaten as the whole grain (全麦，指没有去掉外面麸皮和麦胚), wheat is a source of multiple (多种的) nutrients (营养物) and dietary (饮食的) fiber (纤维).（音频143）
10.食 物
Part1 已经问到饮食相关内容了，那么这些食物以及上面小麦的内容，再加上我们Part2话题里那个很会做饭的人，基本上就可以回答 “Describe a foreign menu/food you have had./ Describe your favourite dish./ A desert or snack that you like/impressed you./ Describe a common food item in your country./ Describe a meal or food item you know how to cook./ Describe meal that you had with your friends.” 加上地点就可以回答 “Describe an outdoor meal (picnic) you enjoyed./ Describe a food item you ate outside your home”。
参考词汇：
蔬菜：cabbage 白菜；broccoli 西兰花；cauliflower 菜花；celery 芹菜；spinach 菠菜；cucumber黄瓜；tomato 西红柿；eggplant 茄子；potato 土豆；onion 洋葱。
调味料：pepper 辣椒；soy sauce 酱油；vinegar 醋；chilli 红辣椒；green onion 叶用葱；Chinese onion 大葱；ginger 姜；garlic 蒜。
肉类：mutton 羊肉；lamb 羔羊肉；beef 牛肉；pork 猪肉；chicken 鸡肉；fish 鱼；shrimp小虾；prawn 对虾；lobster 龙虾；cray=chicken lobster 小龙虾。
烹饪方法：除Part1 介绍过的之外还有大火爆炒 (stir fry)。
刀工：chop 剁碎；slice 将……切成薄片；fillet 把……切成片；dice 切成方块。
口味：crisp 脆的；tender (肉等食物) 嫩的；易嚼的；bouncy 有弹性的；sour 酸的；sweet，甜的；spicy 辣的；mouth-watering 令人垂涎欲滴的。
开场简介：
Today I want to introduce a typical/one of the most popular dish in Chinese/Sichuan cuisine.
做法：
To make this, fish slices would be boiled in a specially made soup, which contains some vegetables, spices, such as chilli, up to half an hour.
口味：
The fish is so tender, yet a little spicy but everyone who has tasted it would all admit its fantastic tastes.（音频144）
11.信件和信息
Describe an important letter you received./ Describe a piece of good news you got recently./ Describe an important event you recently went through./ Describe an email that you recently sent to someone./ Describe a news you received in your phone./ Describe a message you got from an unknown person./ Describe a message you received lately./ Describe a good news you received via SMS./ Describe a piece of news that made you happy./ Describe a letter you received from your friend./ Talk about a letter your father/ mother wrote to you.
令你高兴或重要的消息：收到你喜欢的作者本人给你写的（短）信或者电话，说要送你一本书，上面有这位著名作者的签名（signature）或者是限量版（limited edition）的书；当然也可以是别人要送你一个礼物，或者邀请你看电影、吃饭等。
“Describe a letter you sent to someone on his/her birthday.”只是方向反过来而已，把收信变成写信，可以是要送东西给或邀请别人，也可以是回信给别人表示感谢或者应邀；“Describe a complaints letter you wrote once.”写信投诉人物类话题里讨厌的邻居，当然我们还可以给出版社、家具公司等抱怨印刷或者产品质量，也可以向政府等部门投诉环境、交通等问题。
12.交通工具
① Describe a common transportation system in your hometown./ Describe the transport people in your city often use./ ② Describe a vehicle you often use/would like to buy; Describe something you really want to buy in the future.
① 交通工具我们在 Part1 就已经初步讨论过了。② 注意vehicle 在这里不一定只指汽车，也可以是别的机动交通工具。可以多加上一些对于你选的这种工具的细节描述，比如我们常用的汽车的size, colour, power, style (sports car 运动轿车；racing car 赛车；limousine 豪华轿车；roadster 敞篷跑车；supercar 超级跑车；saloon/sedan 轿车；four-wheel drive 四轮驱动；front-wheel drive 前轮驱动；station wagon 小旅行车；compact car 小型汽车；coupe 小轿车；SUV 运动型多功能车Sports Utility Vehicle；MPV 多用途车辆Multi-Purpose Vehicle)。
开场引入句型：
My favorite transport mode is X, a popular/common means of transportation in China.
（1）外观。
鉴于汽车慢慢变成了国人生活不可或缺的部分，这里多介绍下。
基础介绍：
① looks cute/cool/masculine (男子气概的) /powerful；
looks like a car from some science fiction movie or from the future.
② I would like to have it painted＋颜色, because…
高级介绍：
① the lines of the body are crisp/smooth；
② it is so streamlined (流线型/最新型)；
③ 19 inch wheels, 4 strong exhaust pipes (19 寸轮胎＋4 条大排气筒).
（2）内饰。
① There are five leather seats which could hold 5 people.It is so specious(外表美观的)and also excellent for family use.
② I would like to choose a manual car instead of an automatic one, because the driving pleasure would be greater.Especially, it makes easier to drive in the city where the traffic is so jammed.
③ fantastic Hi-Fi(高保真度的音响设备)：12 speakers, great for music fans like me.
④ big sun proof, touch screen, stylish dashboard(仪表盘).
⑤ My (ideal) car offers advanced entertainment systems, comfortable seating, premium- feeling interior fabrics and materials.（音频145）
（3）性能和表现。
① Its super powerful engine produces massive horse powers.Acceleration is stunning and speed up from naught to 100 kilometers is within 5 seconds.
② excellent off-road (越野的)ability: It can drive on any terrain(地形)：desert, steppe (大草原)etc.
③ fuel-economy is fantastic: It only burns about 5 liter petrol per 100 kilometers and saves a lot of money on gas.
④ electric car: It’s environmentally friendly because it doesn’t burn gas, which could contribute to the improvement of air quality and reduce hazy (雾霾) days.音频146
13.珠 宝
我们分析了近年来比较冷门的几个话题。一方面短期内要应考的考生可以不准备类似的冷门话题，毕竟考场碰到的概率很小（比如动植物、家具）；另一方面为了切实提高口语水平，为个人长期发展做准备的考生需要认真对待每一个话题，建议说出自己的内容。
Describe a jewellery item you often use.
此话题可以用之前介绍过的描述物品的手段：大小、颜色、形状等可以加上材质（material）——金、银、铂金（platinum）、钻石、宝石（gemstone）等，来介绍一个项链（necklace）、戒指（ring）或者手镯（bracelet）之类的物品；如果考试的时候没有准备好，可以说这个首饰是一个很重要的人送我的，捎带描述下这个人，重点描述下你和他/她的关系，然后从重要性切入：这个东西对我很重要，因此我经常戴着它。
14.歌曲和音乐
① Describe a song or piece of music you really like (often listen to)./ Describe the type of song you like most./ Describe an interesting song.②Describe your national anthem (国歌)./ a song＋which is meaningful / that means special＋to you.
在Part1 我们提过音乐的曲风、听音乐的频率、地点和重要性等，那么再结合我们喜爱的歌手人物信息、歌词、对你的影响，尤其是问题②里国歌象征着鼓舞（inspiration）和团结（unity）等，可以说的内容是很多的。
补充描述：uses/has＋a strong/light/fast/rapid/slow＋beat (节拍/节奏),
uses/has＋a sweet/sentimental (伤感的)/violent/warm /passionate/bright (欢快的)＋melody,
The lyrics describe…(a miserable love story)
be completely off-key(走音的).
It seems that he/she was composing a new song.
比如爵士乐（Jazz）就像是即兴创作的
make funny moves./ the moves are awkward/clumsy (笨拙的)
如果题目要求描述乐队，加上乐队的人物介绍就差不多了。
15.媒 体
词汇：
section 版面；makeup of a newspaper 报纸版面设计；
literary criticism 文艺评论；
objective 客观的；subjective 主观的；
portable 可携带的；reliable 可靠的；timely 及时的。
（1）广播电视节目。
词汇：
mass media 大众媒体；
radio program 广播节目；audience 听众；broadcaster 广播员；
broadcasting 广播；live broadcast/show 现场直播；
topic 话题；content 内容；
copy the behaviour 模仿行为；
talent show 选秀节目；intelligence program 智力节目；talk show 访谈节目；
news program 新闻节目；travel program 旅游节目；
soap opera 肥皂剧；TV serials 电视连续剧；
TV documentary 电视纪录片。
句型：
Actually, there’re a lot of topics discussed in this program, like ...
The program shows X.For example, …
Part1 最后部分，我们重点介绍了报纸和杂志 (newspaper & magazine) 等，内容组织起来就可以回答Describe a newspaper or magazine that you often read./ Describe a news program you have watched (often watch or listen)./ Describe a news source you like./ Describe something you do daily./ Describe a TV or quiz program that you watched recently.
Describe a (an interesting) TV program you enjoyed (have recently watched)./ Describe your favourite TV or radio program./ Talk about a documentary you watched on TV./ Describe a news program that you like./ Describe a film or TV program that made you laugh.
电视节目可以是关于人物、物品、建筑或地点、爱好以及经历等任何话题；新闻节目话题：回答比如电玩新闻，Sony 新出了PS4 Pro；电视电台主持人话题：回答结合人物类话题即可；让你笑的原因可以借鉴前面有趣的讲座 (interesting lecture) 的原因。
Describe something you watched recently but did not like.
回答不喜欢的原因：可以不喜欢节目里的人，也可以是不喜欢音乐太吵等。
（2）广告。
Describe your favourite advertisement.
Describe a creative/unforgettable advertisement you have recently seen.
广告可以在各种媒体上出现。广告的产品（包括服务）可以是本章节提到的大多数物品，还有后面会讲到的旅馆/餐厅（建筑）、旅游（经历）和健身（爱好）等。注意有创意的（creative）广告，可以是全程不直接出现产品，用一些令人印象深刻的（impressive）场景或者故事，最后出现产品或者服务。
比如，某U 盘的广告——《记忆的红气球》主要讲的是失去母亲的小男孩和老警察之间的暖心故事：天真小男孩通过一位善良警官的帮助走出失去母亲的悲痛。警官通过红气球鼓励小男孩，让他仿佛能与在天堂的母亲沟通，并从对母亲的记忆中得到治愈。Memory of red balloons is a heart warming story between a little boy who lost his mum and an old police who helped him: the naive little boy walked out of the grief of losing his mother, with the help of this kind police officer.Specifically, the officer encouraged the boy through red balloons, let him communicate with his mum in heaven virtually, and cured him from the memory of his mother eventually.
相关词汇和表达：
slogan 标语/口号；spokesman 代言人 (somebody invited to endorse certain product)；
描述广告：It is broadcast on CCTV；
It demonstrates the beauty/features/functions of the product in an attractive way.
喜欢原因：the spokeswoman is my favourite star; Visual effects are stunning/amazing/ brilliant.
形容广告：innovative, imaginative.
16.家 具
Describe a (old) piece of (wood-made) furniture you have at your home./ Describe a piece of useful furniture you have at your room.
以书架(bookshelf) 为例，上面放着之前提到的书和照片或者其他物品。但是别忘了对书架的颜色、大小等可以进行适当描述，还要注意扣题目中的老（old）或者木质（wood-made）等关键词。
17.绘 画
Describe a piece/work of art / a painting./ Describe an art or craft activity (you did) in your school.
词汇：
种类：oil painting 油画；sketch 素描；sculpture 雕塑；statue 雕像；miniature 微型画。
印象：vivid 生动的；expressive 有表现力的；impressive 印象深刻的；elegant 高雅的；awe-inspiring 令人惊叹的；lifelike 栩栩如生的；realistic 逼真的。
基本信息：title 标题；author 作者。
描述：
It describes/portrays/depicts… (the daily life of ancient Chinese civilian)；you can see....
线条：Lines: lines are expressive/abstract (有表现力的/抽象的).
颜色：vivid/muted（柔和的）colours are used.
例如：You can see bright yellow against the dark background, which is like a ray of sunshine in a bleak（阴冷的）world.
意义：I guess/think the author wants to express.../ I think it means...
18.手工品
Describe a toy or tool that you made by yourself./ Describe a thing you made which was appreciated by all./Describe something you made that you gave to other people.
词汇：
Embroidery 刺绣；Chinese paper cutting 剪纸；folk toys/art 民间玩具/艺术；be renowned for因…而闻名；elaborately 精巧地；ancestor 祖先；inherit 继承；Combination of utility and aesthetics 兼顾实用和美学；cultural deposit 文化底蕴。
开场引入句型：
Here I’d like to describe a traditional handcraft in China - X, which was originated from Y.
能自己制作的东西，除了上面的书柜，照片，还可以有用易拉罐 (cans) 的拉环 (pull-tab) 做的戒指，甚至小时候我们用纸糊 (paste) 的玩具。关于 “Describe a (traditional) handcraft which is made by yourself” 这种题目，很多人想到的是风筝 (kite)，但是无论说什么，记得外形，和谁（人物），在哪（建筑和地点），重要性（经历）等信息的综合运用。
颜色：
Describe a colour you really like (always prefer)./ Describe the most beautiful colour.
前面我们提过颜色的内容，和手工制品一样，在以往的Part1&2 都曾考过，口语考试的这两个部分从问题到答案都没有完全的界线，很多时候可以互用。
具体喜欢哪种颜色是很主观的东西，这里可以任选一个。具体回答：我的衣服、珠宝、家具、电脑、房间等都是这种颜色，再结合Part1 对不同颜色意义的解释作答。当然也可以是受某人或者某事的影响才喜欢。
19.法 律
词汇：establish/promulgate a law 公布，立法；implement/enact 实施；amend 修改，修正。
例如：the government should promulgate/implement a strict law about restrictions on car emissions for the sake of sustainability.
描述法律的内容：The law should define/regulate the right/acts to (dump waste etc)...
惩罚措施：If anyone breaks it, he or she will be punished by (heavy) fine and/or sentence.
①Describe a problem your locality has./ Describe something you would like to change in your city.②Describe a law that would make your community a better place./ Describe a law that you like./ Describe a good law in your country.③Describe something you would love to do for your locality.
法律这个话题，很多人会觉得抽象从而无从下手，或者第一反应是谈论那种一旦触犯（violate）就会被关进监狱的条款（clause）。实际上，还可以从宪法（constitution）到政策（policy），以及社区、学校的行为规定（DOs & DON’Ts）这种行为守则（rules/regulations）来展开。
对我们来说，也许描述一个细节的环保法规更容易。比如 “Describe a change that will improve your local area / a law about the environment you would like to see in the future.” ① 在全国很多地区存在的问题就是空气质量（air quality）太差，情况急需改变。② 政府出台的交通限行政策（traffic restriction）就可以是我喜欢的、可以使我居住的地方变得更好的法规。③ 我们愿意为社区、为大家做的事情可以是：首先懂法（understand），懂法就得知法（be aware of），知法就得守法（be law-abiding），守法以后还得宣传（propagandize/ disseminate）法。
在用下面将来时的内容前，注意时态的转换：
The winter in 2016, exactly this December, Xi’an will restrict the use of private vehicles based on even- and odd-numbered(偶数和奇数) license plates, and most cars belonging to local governments, public institutions, social groups and state-owned enterprises will not be allowed to be used during the period.（音频147）
为了缓解（release）道路交通压力（pressure），减少（reduce）污染物排放（emission），我们市于今年开始对私家车，包括外地车（non-local vehicles）实行尾号限行政策（traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers），甚至随时调整为更为严格的单双号限行措施（traffic restrictions based on even- and odd-numbered license plates），可以更好地减少污染。
其他热点：The law about: car emissions / the release of pollutants into surface or ground water / waste sorting / controlling noise; the law against: deforestation/over-fishing/wild life game; drunk driving laws; law to cut use of plastic bags.
20.（童年）游戏
Describe a game that you played in your childhood.
You should say:
What the game was;
When you played it;
Who you played it with;
And how you felt about this game.
可结合Part1 游戏的介绍。
本书听力资源
（十）新题与难题
（1）Describe a family business you know.
You should say:
What the business is;
How you know it ①;
What products it sells ②;
Who the customers are ③;
And how you like it.
我们这里用的例子是西安翻译学院。
① Xi’an Fanyi University (XFU) was founded in 1987 by late professor Ding Zuyi, an outstanding educator in China and the first president of the university.Our Uni is thirty minutes’ drive to the downtown of Xi’an, the capital city of Shaanxi province which witnesses 13 dynasties.XFU, embraced in such an amazing city with both cultural heritages and growing modernization, is committed to inheriting her legacy and contributing more to her prosperity.
② 学校的产品就是教育：知识的传递，方法的传授等。Apparently, this organization offers educating service to their students, through on-the-spot or on line lessons.Specifically, we offer outstanding programs for English translation majors, and there are also many minority language courses available, such as Russian and Korean.
③ 顾客是学生。Now, XFU has grown into a comprehensive university with a tradition of anticipating and leading change.More than 1600 professors and staff members constitute a dedicated team serving up to 21000 full-time students.（音频148）
（2）Describe something you do to keep you concentrated.
You should say:
What it is?
When you started doing it?
How often you do it?
And explain why it can help you concentrate?
参考词汇：mobile games 手机游戏；online shopping 在线购物；online reading 在线阅读；Web fiction 网络小说；do exercise 看书学习/刷题；get addicted 成习惯/上瘾。
例如：Reading actually gives me more time by making my mind calmer and more focused.It can help me to overcome my stress and find some inner peace and balance.Further more, doing this could assist me to understand my own mind better.That is to say, I can learn how to transform my mind from negative to positive, from disturbed to peaceful, and from unhappy to happy through this activity.（音频149）
（3）Describe a big company or organization that you know in your city
You should say:
What the company is called; ①
How did you know this company; ②
What kind of business this company does; ③
And explain why you are interested in the company.④
这个题目是一道新题，这里用英语简单介绍下西安的本土企业——西安市食品厂（Xi’an Food Factory）和它的明星产品冰峰（Ice Peak）。
① The local company I’m going to introduce today is named Xi’an Food Factory, but normally people just know its hit product – Ice Peak, the dominant soda drink in my city.
② There is one sentence printed on every bottle or can of its products: ‘Drink it from childhood’.And, actually, this food maker and Ice Peak already has a history of more than 60 years.Since different generations grow up and accompanied by them, it’s no wonder that they have been enjoying very high popularity among locals.
③ Besides producing and selling this soft drink, I really have no idea about any other businesses this organization does.It seems that such star product could offer it enough benefits or income to keep running, and indeed, it merged other four food firms in recent years.
④ Ice peak is of sweet orange taste, not as sugary as Mirinda, with quite simple container.Further more, its package and taste almost didn’t show any significant change during last few decades, and this enterprise never invest in advertising and promotion, but it not just has survived from the fierce competitions between world-class beverage brands, and also enjoys the largest market share in its fields.Obviously, the reason why I’m interested in this company lies in its magic: gaining competitive advantage without changes and still holding thousands of fans.（音频150）
（十一）练 习
（1）Describe a special cake you ate before.
You should say:
What kind of cake it was;
When and where you had it;
Who you had it with;
And explain why you think it was special.
（2）Describe your favorite piece of clothing item.
You should say:
When you got it;
Where you got it;
How often you wear it;
And explain why it is your favorite.
（3）Describe one food you ate in foreign country.
You should say:
What it is;
When you ate;
Where you ate;
And explain why you like it or dislike it.
（4）Describe one thing you got for free.
You should say:
What it is;
When and where you got it;
Why you got it;
And explain how you felt about it.
（5）Describe a new invention that is popular in all time/ has changed our life.
You should say:
What it is;
How it changed our life;
How popular it is among different age groups;
And explain how you feel about it.
（6）Describe TV series/ drama you like.
You should say:
What type it is;
Who is the leading role;
What are the plots;
And explain why you like it.
（7）Describe piece of art (statue / painting).
You should say:
What it is;
What you know about it;
Who went with you;
And explain why you like it.
（8）Describe your favorite book you want to read again.
You should say:
What it is;
When you first read;
What it is about;
And explain why you want to read it again.
（9）Describe a website you often browse.
You should say:
What it is;
How you know it;
How often you use it;
And explain why you think it useful.
（10）Describe a well-paid job you want to have in the future.
You should say:
What it is;
How you can find this job;
What qualities are required;
And explain why you think it well-paid.
（11）Describe an interesting speech you were given.
You should say:
When you heard it;
Where you heard it;
What it was about;
And explain why you think it was interesting.
（12）Describe a kind of weather you like.
You should say:
What it is;
Where you usually experience it;
What you will do;
And explain why you like it.
（13）Describe an occasion that you have a cake that is special.
You should say:
what kind of cake it is;
when you ate the cake;
who you ate with;
and explain why you think the cake is special.
（14）Describe a piece of good news you heard from someone you know.
You should say:
What it was about;
Who you heard it from;
When and where you got this news;
And explain how you felt when you got the good news.
（十二）2019 年5 到8 月新题
1.广 告
Describe an advertisement you remember well.
You should say:
Where you saw it;
What it was like;
Why you remember it well.
Part 3：
Why do some people hate advertisement?
Do people usually buy stuff after watching advertisement?
Is music useful in advertising?
What are the advantages of TV advertisements? How about Internet advertisement?
2.喜欢穿的衣服
Describe a piece of clothing you enjoy wearing.
You should say:
Where you bought it;
How often you wear it;
What it is like.
And explain why you enjoy wearing it
Part 3：
What’s the difference between the dressing style of young people and that of old people?
Do the people living in south chine (warmer) wear different clothes from the people living in the north (colder)？
Do you think students like to wear uniforms?
When do people wear formal clothes?
3.纪念品
Describe something special you took home from a tourist attraction.
You should say:
What it was;
When you bought it;
What it was like;
And explain why you think it was special.
Part 3：
What souvenirs would people buy from tourist attractions?
Why do people like to takes photos when traveling?
Is it good that the locals sell things to tourists?
What are the pros and cons of taking professional cameras when traveling?
4.想获得的奖
Describe a prize you want to win.
You should say:
What this prize is;
How you knew about it;
What you will do to win it;
And explain why you want to win it.
Part 3：
What rewards can children get from school?
Should parents push their children to get prizes?
Is it good for children to compete for prizes at school?
What kinds of rewards can companies offer to their outstanding employees?
5.实用技能
Describe a practical skill you learned.
You should say:
What it was;
When you learned it;
Why you learned it;
And how you felt about it.
Part 3：
What is the most important practical skill in modern society?
What kinds of skills are difficult to learn?
What kinds of professions require practical skills?
What are some special skills that people can learn?
What are some special skills that people can learn?
6.游戏节目
Describe a game show or a quiz program you watched on TV or online.
You should say:
Where you watched it;
What it was like;
How often you watched it;
How you liked it;
And explain why you liked/disliked it.
Part 3：
Why do people like to watch TV shows?
What kinds of TV shows do people like to watch?
What is the difference between the games people play now and those people played in the past?
Why do some people watch TV shows online?
7.给别人的建议
Describe a time that you gave advice to others.
You should say:
Who you gave advice to;
What the advice was;
Why you gave advice;
And how you felt about the advice.
Part 3：
What kinds of advice do parents give to their children?
How do experts give advice to others? (e.g.a doctor gives advice to his patients)
What advice do parents give to teenagers about making friends?
Whose advice is more helpful? Parents’ or friends’?
8.水上运动
Describe a water sport you would like to try in the future.
You should say:
What it is;
Where you would like to try it;
How difficult it is;
And why you would like to try it.
Part 3：
What’s the difference between outdoor sports and indoor sports?
What kinds of water sports are popular nowadays?
Why should we develop water transport?
Do you think it is necessary for everyone to learn to swim?