It is impossible to review here all those recent models of grammar that have served as a basis for the development of teaching material.In avoiding both the isolated attempts of grammarians like Damourette and Pichon to apply their theory or their method to a single language，and the work of linguists like Guillaume which has not been systematically applied to language teaching，what we have done is only to look closely at those models of sufficient general interest because of their development，the number of languages which they have been used even partially to describe，and the extent of the teaching material which they have inspired，namely，structuralist grammar and transformational generative grammar；two models which today dominate both general linguistics and the application of linguistics to language teaching.It is possible to object that we are not treating here the contribution of the German，school of Glinz and Weisgerber which has exercised and continues to exercise today a great influence on language teaching in German speaking countries；H.D.Eriinger has treated this extensively in a recent work and W.Abraham and K.H.Bausch have pointed out its drawbacks.

The useful label of structuralist grammar permits the bringing together of models of analysis containing certain differences of approach.American structuralists had as their aim in their following：

（1）to describe the current spoken language of an individual or of a community；

（2）to limit the area of language to be described by emphasizing language form as the single objective，observable and verifiable aspect of language，thus relegating meaning to a subordinate place；

（3）to carry out this programme of description by means of a systematic，objective and rigorous procedure allowing the analyst to derive the grammar of a language from a corpus of recorded data in a quasi mechanical way.The process usually followed three stages：

（a）Field recordings of a corpus of data as representative as possible of the language under study.

（b）Segmentation of the utterances of the corpus at different levels：phoneme，morpheme，‘word’，group，clause，sentence.

（c）Listing of an inventory of forms thus obtained from each level and stating the distribution of the forms.

In this way，an inventory and classification is obtained of grammatical structures that occur systematically，in Delattre's phrase，in the form of a framework of slots.Grammar no longer consists of a collection of rules as but rather as a list of structures.