Section C

Passage One

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中的writing，think in words and sentences，human ideas/thoughts和writers表明，短文可能与写作和人类的思考方式有关。

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more.But in order to work up the desire to rewrite，it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’opinions.One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down.Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.

Different from popular belief，we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas（known as“mentalese”），and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language.But while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex colourful cloth，writing can only be composed one thread at a time.Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple.It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics are looking over their shoulder，they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start.Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem.When writing we should have two different minds.At the first stage，we should see every idea，as well as the words we use to express it，as wonderful and worth putting down.It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

16.What do we learn from the passage about those famous writers？

解析C）。选项中的regret writing poor works，write...much和hate reading表明，本题可能考查某些作家对其作品的态度。短文中提到I am surprised at the number of famous writers...they so dislike reading their own writing，由此可知，很多名家讨厌阅读自己的作品，故答案为C）。C）中的hate reading their own works是对短文中dislike reading their own writing的同义转述。

17.What do people generally believe about the way human minds work？

解析A）。选项中的think in words and sentences，human ideas/thoughts，symbols和pictures表明，本题可能考查人类的思考方式。由短文中提到的different from popular belief，we do not usually think in the words and sentences可知，人们普遍认为，我们通常用词和句进行思考，故答案为A）。问题中的generally believe与短文中的popular belief相对应。句子different from...do not usually...中的different与do not为双重否定，表达肯定意思，听音时应留意。

18.What can we conclude from the passage？

解析D）。选项均为概括性强的句子表明，本题可能考查短文的结论或主旨。由短文结尾部分提到的when writing we should have two different minds...first stage...see every idea和…during rewrites...examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses可知，思考和写作是两个不同的阶段，故答案为D）。

Passage Two

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中的the fish should go to the patient/the owner of the boat和everyone involved should get表明，短文可能与分鱼有关。

This incident occurred one morning outside Albert Schweitzer’s hospital in the African jungle.A patient had gone fishing in another man’s boat.The owner of the boat thought he should be given all the fish that were caught.Dr Schweitzer said to the boat owner，“You are right because the other man ought to have asked permission to use your boat.But you are wrong because you are careless and lazy.You merely twisted the chain of your boat round a palm tree instead of fastening it with a lock.Of laziness you are guilty because you were asleep in your hut on this moonlit night instead of making use of the good opportunity for fishing.”

He turned to the patient，“But you were in the wrong when you took the boat without asking the owner’s permission.You were in the right because you were not so lazy as he was and you did not want to let the moonlit night go by without making some use of it.”

Dr Schweitzer divided the catch among the fisherman，the boat owner，and the hospital.

19.Why did Dr Schweitzer settle the argument？

解析B）。选项中重复出现的he wanted表明，本题可能考查男士的想法。由短文末尾提到的Dr Schweitzer divided the catch among the fisherman，the boat owner，and the hospital可知，施魏策尔医生解决争端是想分一些鱼，故答案为B）。

20.What did Dr Schweitzer tell the men？

解析C）。选项中的both men were completely right/wrong和each was partly right and partly wrong表明，本题可能考查两位男士的对错。短文中医生先是对船主说“You are right because…but you are wrong because…”，然后又对病人说“But you were in the wrong when…you were in the right because…”，由此可知，二人都有对有错，故答案为C）。partly right and partly wrong意为“一部分对，一部分错”。

21.What was the final judgment？

解析D）。选项中的all the fish should go to和everyone involved should get表明，本题可能考查分鱼。由短文最后提到的Dr Schweitzer divided the catch among the fisherman，the boat owner，and the hospital可知，每个参与者都得到了1/3的鱼，故答案为D）。问题中的final judgment是听音重点。

Passage Three

整体预测

本短文四道题选项中的development，advertising，symbols和written messages表明，短文可能与广告的发展有关。

Advertising is the tool that has always been used to convince the public to buy products.In the beginning，it was a basic and crude tool.Craftsmen cried out to passers-by，telling the quality of their products.Today，newspapers，magazines， radio，and television use a variety of means to introduce the public to many products developed through technology.

The Romans started using recorded advertisements.They smoothed and whitened areas on a wall where advertisements could be written or carved.

In the Middle Ages，people continued to use oral announcements and written messages，but a new form of advertising，using symbols，was developed as well.Shops displayed a special symbol to indicate what goods or services could be found inside.

The Industrial Revolution caused an explosion in the advertising field.The large amount of luxury goods，coming both from new inventions and from trade with different parts of the world，meant that consumers had to be told more about products than ever before.They had to be persuaded that they needed all these new products and that one product was superior to its many competitors.The buying public was soon being exposed to endless amounts of advertising.

22.What is the passage mainly about？

解析D）。选项均为名词短语且概括性强表明，本题可能考查短文的主旨。短文开篇就给广告下了定义，然后介绍了广告业在最早期的时候、罗马时代、中世纪以及工业革命时期逐步发展的过程，故答案为D）。短文的主旨要根据短文内容进行推断。

23.How did early craftsmen advertise their products？

解析C）。选项均为“by+名词短语或现在分词”开头以及其中的advertising和announcement表明，本题可能考查宣传的方式。短文中提到，最初工匠们对路人进行叫卖，告诉他们产品的质量（craftsmen cried out to passers-by，telling…），也就是说当时的工匠们是通过口头告知（oral announcements）的方式宣传他们的产品，故答案为C）。短文中提到不同时期做广告的方式，故听清问题中的early craftsmen是解题的关键。

24.Who first started using written advertisements？

解析C）。选项的内容表明，本题考查某个国家的人，听音时注意不同国籍的人的相关情况，并听清问题是什么。短文中提到，罗马人首先使用记载式广告，他们把墙上的部分区域磨平并且刷白，然后写上或刻上广告，故答案为C）。问题中的written advertisements与短文中提到的recorded advertisements对应。

25.When did advertising first boom？

解析A）。选项的内容表明，本题考查时间。短文中提到，工业革命引起了广告领域的迅猛发展（explosion），随后对此进行了解释：这一时期商品极大丰富，人们需要对商品有更多的了解，而商家也要说服顾客购买商品，所以数不尽的广告出现在消费者面前。由此可知，广告业在工业革命时期开始繁荣起来，故答案为A）。