Section C

Passage One

整体预测

本短文三道题选项均为表示动作的动名词短语，结合其中表示人体部位的名词hand，head，forefingers和thumb，动词looking，forming，waving or pointing，bowing，showing，keeping和using，以及第18题D）中的a lot of gestures可知，短文可能与肢体语言（body language）有关，且可能涉及不同国家的文化习俗。

Body language，especially gestures，varies among cultures.For example，a nod of the head means“yes”to most of us. [16]But in Bulgaria and Greece a nod means“no”and a shake of the head means“yes”.Likewise，a sign for“OK”， forming a circle with our forefinger and thumb，means zero in France and money in Japan.[17]Waving or pointing to an Arab business person would be considered rude because that is how Arabs call their dogs over.Folded arms signal pride in Finland，but disrespect in Fiji.The number of bows that the Japanese exchange on greeting each other，as well as the length and the depth of the bows，signals the social status each party feels towards the other.Italians might think you’re bored unless you use a lot of gestures during discussions.[18]Many American men sit with their legs crossed with one ankle resting over the opposite knee.However，this would be considered an insult in Muslim countries，where one would never show the sole of the foot to a guest.Likewise，Americans consider eye contact very important，often not trusting someone who is afraid to look you in the eye.But in Japan and many Latin American countries，keeping the eyes lowered is a sign of respect.To look a partner full in the eye is considered a sign of ill-breeding and is felt to be annoying.

16.What gesture do Bulgarians and Greeks use to express negative responses？

【解析】B）。短文中提到，但是在保加利亚和希腊，点头代表“不是”，故答案为B）。

17.What is likely to offend Arab business people？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，向阿拉伯商人招手或者指着他们会被看作是粗鲁的行为，粗鲁的行为即是对对方的一种冒犯。故答案为C）。

18.What is considered to be impolite in Muslim countries？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，许多美国男人坐着的时候喜欢把一条腿的脚踝搭在另一条腿的膝盖上。但是，在伊斯兰国家，这是一种侮辱性行为，他们绝不会让客人看到自己的脚底。故答案为A）。

Passage Two

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中出现的wheat and corn，small flat，children，school，beg for food，economic revolution，assistance和poor people表明，短文可能与人们的生活和经济状况有关，可能涉及对贫困人员的援助。

[19]Three years ago，Pantcha Maya，her husband and five children lived in a shaky flat in southern Nepal.Every morning the parents walked the dirt roads seeking work in the rice fields.After the harvest，the family went begging for food.Today the Mayas own a small paper-bag-making company.With the money they’ve earned，the Mayas have purchased a small plot on which they grow vegetables and raise goats for additional income.In fact，the family has saved 68 dollars.This is remarkable in a country with an average annual income of 160 dollars.Grace Mumbka，her husband and eight children once lived hand-to-mouth in Cameroon.[20]Today the Mumbkas run a clothing-manufacturing business and own a home.They are able to send their children to school at a costly annual sum of 2，800 dollars.The idea of starting her own business seemed impossible to Pillar Mulyaa，a poor woman from Atahualpa，high in Ecuador’s Andes Mountains. Today，however，she’s one of the proud owners of a bakery specializing in sweet cakes.These businesses are part of an economic revolution sweeping the developing world.[21]The sponsor is the Trickle Up Program，a non-profit organization founded by New Yorkers Glen and Mildred Leet.[21]This organization offers people like the Mayas，the Mumbkas and the Mulyaas modest 100-dollar grants.Since 1979，the program has helped over 130，000 of the world’s neediest people in 90 countries win small life-saving victories over poverty.And it has turned conventional thinking about foreign aid on its head.

19.What do we learn about Pantcha Maya’s family over three years ago？

【解析】D）。短文开头提到，三年前，潘扎·玛雅夫妇和他们的五个孩子居住在尼泊尔南部一间摇摇欲坠的平房里。每天早上，夫妇二人都会走上土路，去稻田里找活干。庄稼收割之后，一家人就去讨饭。故答案为D）。

20.What is the Mumbkas able to do now？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，如今，蒙巴卡一家经营一家制衣公司，也有了房子。他们能够把孩子送到年费用高达2800美元的学校里读书，故答案为A）。B）和D）的干扰性很强，2800美元并不是他们一家的收入，而是孩子每年上学的费用；蒙巴卡一家买地是用来种植蔬菜和饲养山羊，并非用来盖房子。短文中并未提到tour，排除C）。

21.What does the speaker mainly talk about？

【解析】C）。短文以两个家庭和来自厄瓜多尔的贫穷女人为例，比较了他们各自在不同时期的不同生活状况。短文的后半部分则说明了这些人生活状况改观的原因——一家非营利组织的赞助。由此可知，短文主要谈论的是这个组织的作用。故答案为C）。

Passage Three

整体预测

本短文四道题选项中重复出现的nerves and blood vessels以及cold，body，dentist，teeth，bacteria，disease和living habits表明，短文可能与人体健康有关，可能涉及如何保护血管或牙齿。

Take care of your teeth and your teeth will take care of you.[22]Your teeth are a living part of your body.They have nerves and blood vessels.Diseased teeth can cause pain，die and fall out.Plaque is the main enemy of healthy teeth.[23] Everyone has plaque.It is a sticky，colorless film that coats the teeth.Plaque is always forming on the teeth，especially at the gum line.If plaque is not removed，it builds up and gets under the gum line.Plaque that is left on the teeth for some time hardens.The result is tooth decay and gum disease.[24]The bacteria in plaque live on sugar.They change sugar into acids， which break down the tooth’s harder outer covering.If left untreated，decay goes deeper and deeper into the tooth.After a while， the decay reaches the nerves and blood vessels of the inner tooth.By the time this happens，the tooth has probably started to ache.[25]In addition to tooth decay，there’re also gum diseases to watch out for.The bacteria and plaque make poisons that attack the gums.Small pockets form around the teeth.The pockets trap more bacteria and food particles.Finally，the bone supporting the teeth is attacked and starts to shrink.Teeth become loose and may fall out.[25]Adults lose most teeth this way. Keep your mouth healthy.When you brush your teeth，do a good job.

22.What does the speaker say about our teeth？

【解析】B）。短文开头提到，牙齿是人体中有生命的一部分，故答案为B）。

23.What does the speaker say about plaque？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，每个人都有牙菌斑。它是包裹在牙齿上的一层有黏性的无色薄膜，故答案为C）。A）和D）短文中并未提到，可排除；B）描述的是牙齿，也可排除。

24.Why is sugar harmful to teeth？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，细菌依靠糖分生存，它们将糖分转化为酸，从而破坏牙齿外部坚硬的覆盖物，故答案为D）。

25.What causes adults to lose most of their teeth according to the speaker？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，除蛀牙外，还需注意牙龈疾病，并指出成年人的大部分牙齿就是这样掉的，故答案为A）。