四级全真预测（第五套）答案解析

Part Ⅰ Writing

【参考范文】

On Individualism

The picture shows that it rains heavily.“Do you think that individualism is an increasing tendency？”The journalist，protected by an umbrella，asks a walker who is like a drowned rat in the rain.Nowadays，with the exchange of cultures and minds between the West and the East，the idea of individualism has raised great debates.

Some people think that individualism may have good effects—it emphasises the benefits of each single individual and the individuality that each social member struggles to keep.It may promote the variety of society. However，others hold opposite opinions.For one thing，they reckon that individualism makes people care so much about their own benefits that some may become indifferent and hard-hearted to others（just like the journalist in the picture）.For another，exceeding individualism hinders the cooperation between people，companies and organisations.

In my opinion，we should try our best to avoid the bad effects of individualism and make full use of its beneficial effects so that a varied and wonderful world will be built up.

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

News Item One

整体预测

根据选项中重复出现的数字以及其中的double-car-bomb attack，Algerian capital，Algiers和badly damaged可推测，该新闻可能与阿尔及尔遭受袭击及人员伤亡情况有关。

A group calling itself al-Qaeda in the Maghreb says it carried out the double-car-bomb attack which killed dozens of people in the Algerian capital early on Tuesday.

Hospital officials say at least 60 people died in the explosions.But the Algerian Interior Ministry has confirmed only 26 deaths.The first attack badly damaged the two main United Nations’buildings in Algiers.The U.N.says it fears at least ten of its employees are among the dead.Astrid van Genderen Stort，a spokeswoman for the U.N. Refugee Agency said Algeria wasn’t the only country where U.N.employees were now at risk.“It seems like this particular group wanted to make a very clear statement that the U.N.is not an innocent humanitarian organization anymore…”

1.According to the Algerian Interior Ministry，how many people died in the explosions？

解析C）。选项表明，本题可能考查某物的数量。针对数字题，听音时应注意捕捉数字信息并做相应记录。新闻中提到，医院官员称至少有60人死于爆炸，但阿尔及利亚内政部已证实仅26人死亡，故答案为C）。

2.What can we infer from the news？

解析A）。选项中的double-car-bomb attack，Algerian capital，Algiers和badly damaged表明，本题可能考查阿尔及尔遭受袭击的相关情况。新闻开头提到，一个自称是马格里布基地组织的团体说周二早些时候它在阿尔及利亚首都实施了双汽车炸弹袭击，造成数十人死亡，故答案为A）。

News Item Two

整体预测

根据选项中的children，healthy，overweighed，high fat以及重复出现的McDonald’s food可推测，该新闻可能涉及麦当劳食品对儿童健康的影响问题。

A court in the United States had ruled that the hamburger chain McDonald’s was not responsible for the health problem of overweight children who eat at its restaurants.The judge said lawyers acting for the children had failed to show that McDonald’s products presented a danger unknown to consumers.This is the first case of its kind to go through the American courts.The outcome is a victory for the fast food industry，which is supported for a wave of tobacco-style suit over the health consequences of poor diet.

The action was mounted on behalf of a group of overweight children suffering from diabetes，high blood pressure and other diet-related ailments disease.They blamed their problems on the fat laden hamburgers and chips they’d regularly eaten at McDonald’s restaurants in New York.

3.Why did McDonald not need to be responsible for the health problem of overweight children？

解析C）。选项均为以because开头的句子表明，本题可能考查某事发生的原因。新闻开头提到了法院裁定的结果，即汉堡连锁店麦当劳不必对在其餐厅进食的超重儿童的健康问题负责，接着说明原因，即法官称儿童的代表律师没能证明麦当劳的产品对消费者是一种未知的危险。由此可知，法官认为消费者应该知道快餐食品的利弊，责任也不应该由快餐企业来承担，故答案为C）。

4.What was the reason for the consumer to charge McDonald’s？

解析C）。选项中重复出现的McDonald’s food以及其中的not clean，price，high fat和environment表明，本题可能考查麦当劳的食品或环境问题。新闻中提到，他们把问题归咎于他们（超重儿童）在纽约的麦当劳餐厅经常吃的含脂肪的汉堡包和薯条。由此可知，消费者控告麦当劳的食品含有高脂肪，故答案为C）。

News Item Three

整体预测

根据选项中的the Endangered Species List，pass…Eagle Protection Act和forbid killing，selling… harming bald eagles以及重复出现的数字可推测，该新闻可能与保护濒危动物的相关法案及濒危动物的数量有关。

After 15 years of checking bald eagle nests from small planes，there are now an estimated 100 nesting pairs，up from 77 the previous year and 10 times the state’s recovery goal under the Endangered Species Act.With the nest-to-nest status check by plane ending last year，the state will now start watching over a few dozen nests to monitor the eagles’health.

The U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service plans to remove the bird from the Endangered Species List in June，saying the eagle only needs monitoring now that it has successfully repopulated the lower 48 states.The population increased from 417 nesting pairs in 1963 to more than 8，500.

Removal from the list has partially been delayed by debate over whether other laws protecting the bird would be more heavy for landowners than the Endangered Species Act.

5.What will the state do to monitor the eagles’health？

解析B）。选项均为动词原形短语表明，本题可能考查建议或要求某人做某事。新闻中提到，美国将从现在开始监视一些秃鹰的巢穴，检测它们的健康状况，故答案为B）。B）中的look after是对原文中watching over的同义转述。

6.How many nesting pairs of eagles were there in 1963？

解析A）。选项表明，本题可能考查某物的数量。针对数字题，听音时应注意捕捉数字信息并做相应记录。新闻中提到，秃鹰的数量已经从1963年的417对上升到8500对，故答案为A）。

7.What caused the delay of removal from the list？

解析C）。选项中重复出现的lack of…以及其中的government support，money和shortage of…表明，本题可能考查某事未能实现的原因。新闻中提到，将秃鹰从“濒危物种名单”中删除的计划已经被推迟，因为人们对于其他保护秃鹰的法案与《濒危物种法案》相比是否给土地拥有者带来的负担更加沉重这一问题存在争议，即对法案存在争议，故答案为C）。

Section B

Conversation One

整体预测

本对话四道题选项中的purchases，shopping和time表明，对话很可能与购物时间有关。

W：I just read a curious fact.Did you know that people who spend less than ten minutes in a drugstore are five times more likely to make a purchase than those who spend half an hour there？

M：I saw that article，too.But I think，if someone runs into a drugstore for ten minutes，it’s usually to make a specific purchase.

W：And someone who spends more time there may just be looking.

M：Exactly.Haven’t you ever gone into a store thinking that you’d like to buy something，and then talk yourself out of it？

W：Yes，I have，especially when I thought I would get it for less elsewhere，or I really didn’t need it after all.

M：Exactly.But if you run into the store，wanting to buy something specific and have very little time，you pick it up， pay for it immediately and then leave.

W：That’s true.Maybe we should learn a lesson from that.Take your time and you’ll spend less money.

M：I doubt if that would be true in all stores，though.In a department store，for instance，you may see a sweater or something you never intended to buy，and buy it because you have time to look around.

8.What is the main topic of the conversation？

解析A）。选项概括性强表明，本题可能考查对话话题。对话由一篇文章（that article）所说的人们在药店买药所用的时间说起，进而引发双方对购物时间的讨论，故答案为A）。对话话题类题目概括性很强，对话开头部分往往为其答案出处。

9.What started the conversation？

解析B）。选项均为名词短语，且内容较为具体表明，本题可能考查某个细节。通过上题的分析可知，对话是由女士所读的一篇文章引起的，提及了人们在药店买药所用的时间，男士的话“I saw that article， too.”为本题答案出处，故答案为B）。

10.What fact has the man and the woman learned about the drugstore？

解析C）。选项中的people enjoy/spend，buy something in it和in the drugstore表明，本题考查人们在it购物时的特点，且it可能指代the drugstore。对话双方经讨论得出结论：去药店买药时若购物时间充足，你就会想或许在别的店可以买到更便宜的东西等；相反，若时间紧急，你就会冲进店里，毫不犹豫就付款拿货，由此可知答案为C）。

11.What does the man say about people who shop quickly？

解析A）。选项中的They know，shop，buy和purchase表明，本题考查They的购物情况。对话中男士说“wanting to buy something specific…pick it up，pay for it immediately and then leave”，由此可知答案为A）。选项中的they指代的是people who shop quickly。

Conversation Two

整体预测

结合选项中的university，types of accommodation，very far，limited places以及第13题和第14题各选项的内容可知，对话可能与大学的住宿类别有关，涉及各住宿类别的优缺点、住宿费用、申请时间等。

W：Good morning.Can I help you？

M：Yes，please.I’m a new student and I’d like to have some information about the accommodation.

W：Right.The university provides two types of accommodation，halls of residence and self-catering accommodation.

M：How much does it cost for the self-catering accommodation？

W：For a single room，37.86 pounds per week，that’s about 5.41 a day.For a double room，it’s 52 per week.

M：I’d like the self-catering accommodation.How far is that from the residence to the university？

W：It all depends.The residence at 110 Palm Street is about one and a half miles and the Freemen’s Common Houses at William Road are about half a mile.

M：When do I need to apply？

W：Are you an undergraduate or a postgraduate？

M：Undergraduate.

W：Then you should apply for it as soon as possible，since places in university-owned accommodation are limited and if you don’t apply before the end of the month，you are not likely to get a place.

M：Could you possibly tell me what to do，if no vacancy is available？

W：Yes，you may consider private accommodation.The university runs an Accommodation Information Office and its staff will help you.

M：Where’s the office？

W：In the Students’Union Building.

M：Whom can I contact？

W：Mr Underwood.David Underwood，the manager of the Accommodation Information Office.

M：Thanks a lot.

W：My pleasure.

12.What does the conversation mainly tell us？

解析C）。选项中重复出现的accommodation，students和university表明，本题可能考查大学的住宿情况。对话中一个学生前来咨询如何住宿，接着整个对话围绕中心词accommodation展开。对话首先提到学生可以从学校提供的两种住宿方式中进行选择，后面提到if no vacancy is available…consider private accommodation。由此可知，本对话主要说明学生可以从校方和私人提供的住宿中选择住宿方式，故答案为C）。

13.How much does a single room cost per day for the self-catering accommodation？

解析B）。选项均表示价格，结合“整体预测”和第12题可推知，本题可能考查大学里不同类型住宿所需的费用。对话中男士问自助式宿舍的费用，女士回答时提到“For a single room，37.86 pounds per week，that’s about 5.41 a day.”，故答案为B）。问题中的single room，per day和the self-catering accommodation是听音重点。

14.When does a student need to apply if he or she wants a university-owned accommodation？

解析A）。选项均表示时间，结合“整体预测”可推知，本题可能考查大学办理住宿的时间。对话中女士提到if you don’t apply before the end of the month，you are not likely to get a place，由此可知，学生最好在月底前申请住宿，否则可能没有房间，故答案为A）。if条件句常设为考点，听音时应多加留意。

15.What can we learn from the conversation？

解析D）。选项均为完整句子，由其中重复出现的accommodation和student可知，本题可能考查学生住宿的问题。由女士提到的places in university-owned accommodation are limited可知，答案为D）。

Section C

Passage One

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中的sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste和through…sounds/swimming gestures表明，短文可能与某种水生动物有关，涉及感官和做事方式等。

The vast oceans of the world are dark，deep and mysterious places where eyesight counts for little as soon as you venture very far beneath the surface.

For humans，who live in a world dominated by visual stimuli，to exist in such conditions would be impossible. But for whales and dolphins that live in the ocean or，in the case of a few species，miry rivers，the darkness is unimportant.What is important to them is sound.

Sound is an efficient way to transmit and sense information，especially as it travels five times faster through water than through air.If humans shout to someone，it is unlikely that they will be heard a kilometre away.But if a whale shouts in an ocean channel，another whale may hear it tens，if not hundreds，of kilometres away.

Whales and dolphins use sound in two ways：for communication and for echolocation.Dolphins and toothed whales communicate through a wide variety of high-frequency sounds.

But as well as using sounds to communicate，toothed whales and dolphins also rely on echolocation to learn about their immediate environment，including kill that might be waiting nearby.They produce intense short broad-band pulses of sound in the ultrasonic range.These clicks are brief，typically less than one millisecond long— but they are repeated many times each second.

16.For whales and dolphins，which sense is most important？

解析B）。选项中的sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste表明，本题可能考查某种感官。短文中提到，对于生活在海洋和河流里的海豚和鲸类，所处环境黑暗与否对于它们来说无关紧要，声音才是最重要的。由此可知，对于它们来说最重要的是听觉，故答案为B）。but转折处为常考点，听音时应留意。

17.How much faster does the sound travel in the water than in the air？

解析B）。选项的内容表明，本题考查倍数或次数。短文中提到，声音在水中的传播速度是在空气中的5倍，故答案为B）。数字处为常考点，是听音重点。

18.How do the dolphins and toothed whales communicate？

解析A）。选项中的through…sounds/gestures表明，本题考查做某事的方式。短文中提到，海豚和齿鲸是通过多种高频声音（through a wide variety of high-frequency sounds）来交流的，故答案为A）。

Passage Two

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中的write travel guides，checking all the facts和spends half of her time travelling表明，短文可能与女士为了写旅行指南而去旅行有关。

When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera，the stresses of the world seem a million miles away.Hey，stop！This is no vacation—you have to finish something！

Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic Edie Jarolim.“I always loved travelling and always liked to eat，but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，”Jarolim said.Now you can read her travel advice everywhere in Arts and Antiques，in Brides，or in one of her three books—The Complete Idiot Travel Guide to Mexico’s Beach Resorts.

Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago.After getting a PhD in English in Canada she took a test for Frommer’s Travel Guides，passed it，and got the job.After working at Frommer’s，Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London，then Fodor’s，where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the US that she moved there.

Now as a travel writer，she spends one-third of her year on the road.The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson，Arizona.

As risky as the job sounds，the hard part is fact-checking all the information.Sure，it’s great to write about a tourist attraction，but you’d better get the local museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone’s vacation.

19.Which country does Jarolim live in now？

解析B）。选项的内容表明，本题考查国家，听音时捕捉关键信息词对号入座即可选出答案。由短文中提到的she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the US that she moved there可知，亚罗利姆现在住在美国，故答案为B）。

20.What is most difficult for Jarolim？

解析C）。选项均以动词-ing开头表明，本题可能考查某行为动作。由短文中提到的the hard part is fact-checking all the information可知，核实信息最难，故答案为C）。C）中的checking all the facts与fact-checking对应，问题中的difficult与hard对应。

21.What do we know about Jarolim from the passage？

解析A）。选项均以she开头表明，本题考查女士的事实状况。以由短文中提到的now you can read her travel advice everywhere可知，作为旅行作家，她在工作中取得了成功，故答案为A）。综合信息点进行推理判断是解答本题的关键。

Passage Three

整体预测

本短文四道题选项中的they，parents和family members表明，短文可能与青少年和父母的关系有关。

The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents，which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their rooms after endless family quarrels.

An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past.“We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families，”said one member of the research team.“They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds；they want a car and material goods，and they worry about whether school is serving them well.There’s more negotiation and discussion between parents and children，and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process.They don’t want to rock the boat.”

So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends.“My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me，”says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall.“I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing.As long as they know what I’m doing，they’re fine with it.” Susan Crome，who is now 21，agrees.“Looking back on the last 10 years，there was a lot of what you could call negotiation.For example，as long as I’d done all my homework，I could go out on a Saturday night.But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”

22.What is the popular image of teenagers today？

解析B）。选项均以they开头，其中的worry about school，dislike living with their parents，have to be locked和quarrel a lot表明，they指代青少年，本题可能考查青少年对学校及父母的态度。由短文开头提到的the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their rooms after endless family quarrels可知，人们通常认为青少年不愿意和父母们在一起，故答案为B）。问题中的popular image对应短文中的popularly-held image；答案出处中的locked in their rooms after endless family quarrels做后置定语，修饰teenagers。

23.What do we know about teenagers according to the study？

解析D）。选项中重复出现的they don’t want to和family表明，they指代青少年，本题可能考查青少年不愿意待在家里的某种表现。由短文中提到的they don’t want to rock the boat可知，他们不想惹麻烦，故答案为D）。D）中的cause trouble是对短文中rock the boat的同义转述。

24.What do we know about today’s parents compared with parents of 30 years ago？

解析A）。选项均以they开头，结合其中的give their children，care less…children’s life，much stricter… children和go to…with their children可知，they指代父母，本题可能考查父母对待孩子的态度。由短文中提到的…it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than…to treat their children as friends和短文结尾处17岁女孩Daniel Lazall提到的…I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that可知，现在的父母给孩子更多的自由，故答案为A）。问题中的today’s parents对应短文中的this generation of parents。

25.What is the passage mainly about？

解析C）。选项均为概括性强的名词短语表明，本题可能考查短文的主旨。短文开头提到the evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families，接下来的几段则围绕“家庭和谐”展开叙述，由此可知，短文主要谈论了家庭和谐的话题，故答案为C）。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Section A

26.O）。本句中and连接并列成分，因此可知此处应填具有消极意义的动词原形，与spoil相呼应，O）构成短语yield to（屈服），指（外）祖父母常对孩子们过分的要求做出让步，这与后面的yield形成原词复现关系，故答案为O）yield（屈服）。

27.F）。上一句提到，对grandchildren的溺爱会产生“小皇帝”“小公主”，那这种溺爱对孩子的性格和道德标准会产生什么样的影响呢？这里需要填表示“消极的，负面的”的形容词，故答案为F）negative。

28.J）。本句后半句提到：老年人总是会帮助孩子做家务，那前半句应该指当孩子被要求做家务的时候，故答案为J）required（要求，需要）。

29.K）。前一句提到了做family chores（家务），这一句说（外）祖父母甚至会去……为孙子（女）拖地板、擦窗子。为了和family相对照，这里需要填表示“学校”的词，反映出（外）祖父母包办了生活上需要动手的所有事情。

30.E）。这一句说，小孩在考试中得到好的……，（外）祖父母就会奖励他们，这里需要填表示“分数”的词，因此选E）marks。

31.B）。空前的less提示，本空应填多音节的形容词，构成比较级。这段讲，由于经常得到奖励，孩子就把这种宠爱和关心看作是理所当然的，这样他们就不懂得体谅别人，故答案为B）considerate（体贴的，体谅他人的）。

32.L）。这一句说，为了后代，家长和老师都呼吁老年人应该……，故本空应填表示“明智的”的词，因此选L）sensible。

33.M）。空前的can be提示，本空应填过去分词，构成被动语态。句意为“这些被宠坏了的孩子的问题可以……”，因此选M）solved（被解决）。 34.N）。空前的their提示，本空应填名词，故D）information，I）quarrel和N）task入选。空后的is to train… 提示，所填词为带有一定目的性、方向性的名词，故答案为N）task（任务）。

35.C）。空前的should提示，本空应填动词原形，做谓语，故C）cooperate和I）quarrel入选。由“年轻的父母应该和老年人……而不是只让老年人完全担负抚养孩子的责任”可知，应是两代人一起合作抚养孩子，故答案为C）cooperate（合作，配合）。

Section B

文章大意

本文主要介绍父母对孩子语言发展的影响及专家们给父母提的一些关于如何和孩子谈话的建议。A）～E）段总述孩子语言的发展状况。F）～H）段主要介绍孩子如何理解谈话。I）段主要介绍专家给父母提的一些关于如何和孩子谈话的建议。

36.E）。根据题目中的correcting their young children’s pronunciation将本题出处定位于E）段第2句。该句提到，父母不要试图去纠正儿童的发音这一点很重要，因为那样做实际上会妨碍学龄前儿童的语言发展。题干是对原文的同义转述，not good for对应文中的hampers。

37.C）。根据题目中的speaking differently，roles和behaving adaptively in their verbal communication将本题出处定位于C）段。该段第2句提到，学龄前儿童在言语交流中极其擅长做出一些适应社会的行为，接着举了四岁的儿童与两岁的儿童扮演不同角色时说话方式也不同的例子。题干融合了这两句的信息，其中的are expert in behaving adaptively对应文中的good at producing social adaptive behavior。

38.I）。根据题目中的be very patient和instructions将本题出处定位于I）段倒数第三句。该句提到，当年幼的孩子不能完成指令时，父母要对他们非常有耐心，不要认为他们不守规矩。题干是对原文的同义转述，need to be very patient对应文中的should be very patient，haven’t carried out their instructions对应have not followed through with instructions。

39.D）。根据题目中的growth of preschool children’s vocabulary和basic grammar and socially adaptive language将本题出处定位于D）段第2句。该句提到，学龄前儿童词汇量的激增是与他们对基本语法和社会适应性语言的深刻理解相一致的。题干是对原文信息的同义转述，其中的the rapid growth of preschool children’s vocabulary对应文中的the extraordinary growth of vocabulary，is accompanied by对应is matched by。

40.H）。根据题目中的difficulty，sentence和several different requests将本题出处定位于H）段最后一句。该句提到，父母用那样的句子是希望孩子能同时做到不同的几个要求，这对以自我为中心的（egocentric）儿童来说非常困难。题干是对原文信息的同义转述。

41.A）。根据题目中的native language’s grammar将本题出处定位于A）段最后一句。该段提到，尽管不同语言的主谓宾位置不同，但是，从能够把两个单词串起来（string…together）开始，年幼的儿童就能使词语的顺序与其母语的语法结构相匹配。题干是对该句的同义转述，其中的arrange words对应文中的word placement，according with对应matches。

42.G）。根据题目中的inability，metaphors，literal和use of speech将本题出处定位于G）段第2句。该句提到，年幼的儿童不能理解隐喻意味着他们只是对话语字面意思的理解和应用。题干是对原文的同义转述。

43.I）。根据题目中的sufficient pauses和dialogue between parents and their preschoolers将本题出处定位于I）段最后一句。该句提到，一些家长需注意，和孩子交谈时放慢语速很重要，这样就会有足够的停顿来鼓励他们之间的对话。题干是对原文的同义转述。

44.B）。根据题目中的saying“Sally and I goed to the park”和rules of past tense将本题出处定位于B）段第4句。该段第3句提到，一个说“I played with Sally today”的小孩知道动词加-ed表示过去时态。第4句提到，当这个小孩说“Sally and I goed to the park”时，也同样显示出他/她对过去时态的基本掌握。题干是对原文信息的同义转述。

45.F）。根据题目中的the preoperational thought和the reverse-order sentences将本题出处定位于F）段第2句。该句提到，幼儿的前运思维妨碍了他们对可逆性概念的理解，这导致他们不能正确地理解倒序句子，由此可知，正是他们的前运思维妨碍了他们对倒序句子的正确理解。题干再现了原文的细节。

Section C

Passage One

文章大意

本文主要介绍了人口增长的原因及人们对资源的过度使用和破坏。

46.C）。根据题干中的the population increase将本题出处定位于第2段前两句。第1句提到，为什么会出现如此庞大的人口增长呢？第2句说明原因：因为知识的普及以及被称为“死亡控制”的做法。结合该段最后一句提到的this success（指代“死亡控制”这一做法的成功）对人类造成最大的威胁可知，答案为C）。A）与原因之一the spread of the knowledge矛盾；“Birth Control”在文中提到过，但并未说人口增长是因为“计划生育”的失败，故排除；technological creations是“Death Control”成功的原因之一，不够全面，故排除D）。

47.A）。根据题干中的land和support将本题出处定位于第4段第1句。题干中的land to support human beings is insufficient与该句提到的so little land to support us对应，前一段最后一句对此进行了解释说明：世界陆地面积大约有3/5是无法生产食物的，A）中的most of the world’s land与more than…land对应，unusable与cannot produce food对应，故答案为A）。B）是基于常识设的干扰项；C）在文中未提及；D）是针对第3段第2句中的if条件句设的干扰项。

48.B）。根据题干中的the fourth paragraph将本题出处定位于第4段。该段最后一句提到，对于其他一些很重要的、通常不被认为是不可再生的资源，比如肥沃的土壤、地下水……我们也同样在毁坏它们。由此可知，我们通常认为肥沃的土壤、地下水等是可再生资源，而事实上它们是不可再生资源，故答案为B）。A）是针对“its‘capital’—its…mineral deposits”设的干扰项；C）与该段第2句矛盾；D）与原文意思相反。

49.D）。根据题干中的believe将本题出处定位于第5段第1句。该句提到，人们普遍认为人口爆炸所带来的问题主要是由生活在贫困国家的穷人造成的。该段最后一句提到，发展中国家确实对他们的环境有所影响，但总体而言，对地球带来更大影响的是富裕国家的人口。结合第1句可知，人们认为人口爆炸造成的环境破坏问题应由贫困国家而不是富裕国家负责，故答案为D）。A）是针对poor counries…do not know enough to limit their reproduction设的干扰项；B）是针对该段最后一句的后半句设的干扰项；C）在文中未提及。

50.C）。本题考查作者的观点态度，故将出处定位于全文。本文首先指出，如果人口持续增加，有限资源将无法满足人们的需求，并说明人口增长的原因，接着说明可用土地资源的有限性，指出我们理应保护资源但我们却在过度使用和破坏它们。由此可知，作者关注的是对资源的过度使用，因为这可能会导致无法满足日益增长的人口的需求，故答案为C）。作者的主要关注点并非是人口爆炸，只是从人口爆炸对有限资源产生的巨大需求入手，说明可用资源的有限性以及人们对资源的过度使用，故排除B）；A）只是文中的一个点；文中提到发达国家和发展中国家对环境的影响，但并未提及贫富差距，故排除D）。

Passage Two

本文主要讲述女性劳动力的人数将会超过男性这一现象及其原因。

文章大意

51.B）。根据题干中的during this recession将本题出处定位于第1段和第3段第1句。第1段提到，经济萧条时期大量男性丢了工作，第3段第1句提到，经济衰退时期女性就业人数更是迅速增加，结合这两句可知，经济衰退时期，女性获得就业岗位，而男性却丢掉工作，故答案为B）。A）在文中未提及；C）是针对第2段提到的they’re gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing设的干扰项；文中提到女性outnumbering men in the workforce，而不是few sectors，故排除D）。

52.B）。根据题干中的Heidi Hartmann将本题出处定位于第5段前两句。该段第1句提到，哈特曼认为，这一变化并不意味着完全平等。第2句举例说明性别上的不平等：女性的工作时间比男性短，做更多的兼职工作，收入只是男性的77%，由此可知，哈特曼认为劳动人数的变化无法掩饰依然存在的性别不平等，故答案为B）。A）与earn 77%of what men make矛盾，故排除；C）是对the growing importance of women as wage earners的错误理解；D）是针对第5段最后一句设的干扰项。

53.C）。根据题干中的World War II将本题出处定位于第6段第1句。该句提到，特别是每当有像大萧条和第二次世界大战这样的具有划时代意义的大事发生时，女性就业人数便会大幅攀升，C）中的boost是对文中提到的bumps的同义转述，故答案为C），同时排除A）。B）与原文意思相反；第6段第1句提到，在一些曾被男性主导的劳动岗位中，女性所占比例也在不断增加，但没有说控制了这些领域，故排除D）。

54.A）。根据题干中的federal stimulus capital将本题出处定位于倒数第三段最后一句。该句提到，联邦经济刺激计划的资金注入教育、医疗保健以及州和地方政府。根据该基金投资的方向可推断出，联邦经济刺激计划的资金是为了推动教育、医疗保健等方面的发展，故答案为A）。B）、C）、D）三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

55.D）。根据题干中的Casey Mulligan将本题出处定位于最后一段最后一句。该句提到，马利根预计女性拥有工作的比例在今年将会达到顶峰，将略高于50%，当经济复苏并且更多男性找到工作时，这一比例将会下滑到50%以下，D）（随着经济复苏，男性劳动力的人数会超过女性）正是对马利根这一预计的同义转述，故答案为D）。A）与马利根提到的the portion…above 50%this year矛盾，故排除；文中只提到more men find work，并未说男性更容易找到工作，故排除B）；C）在文中未提及，故排除。

Part Ⅳ Translation

【参考译文】

Used by the Han people in China，the Chinese language has a long history，having established a fairly mature written form more than 3，000 years ago.The Chinese language has more than 1.2 billion users and can be regarded as the one spoken by the greatest number of persons.In addition to China，a great number of people in Singapore and Malaysia also use Chinese，and millions of overseas Chinese and foreign citizens of Chinese origin distributed around the world use various Chinese dialects as their native languages.The Chinese language is the main language used by Chinese，also one of the working languages of the United Nations.