二、短文理解

短文理解和长对话的考查方式十分相似，因而在解题技巧方面也是十分相似的，考生在复习时可以结合前面学过的长对话技巧，学习如何在听音前预览和分析选项，预测短文主题或问题内容，把握听音重点。

1.利用重复词语推测短文主题

根据各题选项中出现的相同或相关词语大致推测短文的主题，从而在听音时更容易、更准确地理解短文内容。

【例】[2014-12（1）-Passage One]

【预览选项】

16.A）By reviewing what he has said previously.

B）By comparing memorandums with letters.

C）By showing a memorandum’s structure.

D）By analyzing the organization of a letter.

17.A）They spent a lot of time writing memorandums.

B）They seldom read a memorandum through to the end.

C）They placed emphasis on the format of memorandums.

D）They ignored many of the memorandums they received.

18.A）Style and wording.

B）Structure and length.

C）Directness and clarity.

D）Simplicity and accuracy.

19.A）Accurate dating.

B）Professional look.

C）Direct statement of purpose.

D）Inclusion of appropriate humor.

【预测信息】

本短文四道题的第16和第17题选项中重复出现了memorandum（s）和letter（s），第18和第19题均为名词短语，再结合其中的structure，organization，format，style，wording，length和dating推测，短文主题可能与备忘录和信件的写作特点及格式有关。

【听音验证】

[16]There are a few differences in the organization ofmemorandums and letters.Memorandums and letters differ somewhat in appearance.To and from，replace a letter’s inside address and signature block，for example.Further，letters are usually sent outside the organization，while memorandums are usually internal messages.As internal messages， memorandums tend to be more informal，and more direct than their letter counterparts.One survey of 800 business people showed[17]they spent from 21%to 38%of their timewriting memorandums.There must be a lot of executives overwhelmed by the number of memorandums they received. A s a r e s u l t，[18]competition for the readers’time placesimportance on directness and clarity in memorandums.So perhaps even more so than with letters.Memorandums should start with a statement of the purpose early in the message. Memorandums also need special visual treatment：Keep paragraphs short，much like newspaper articles.Computers increasingly aid mid-and upper-level managers who prepare their own memorandums without secretarial help.If you prepare your own correspondence，realize the importance of dating your messages.Knowing precisely when you recommended，ordered，signed，or asked about something often is crucial.Computers often can date information for you easily. [19]Another characteristic that can set memorandums apartfrom letters is the inclusion of humor.When the internal message is light-hearted and relatively unimportant，humor in a memorandum can distinguish its offer as a person with personality and depth.[19]As long as the humor is on target，does not embarrass others，is not overdone，and is not toofrequent，it can reflect positively on its author.

【答案解析】

16.How does the speaker start his talk？

B）选项均以“by+动名词”开头表明，本题可能考查做某事的方式或方法。短文开头提到，备忘录和信件的结构有些差异。即说话者以备忘录和信件的对比开始。

17.What did the survey of 800 business people show？

A）选项中的they spent/read/placed/ignored表明，本题可能考查they过去的行为。短文中提到，一项针对800名商业人士的调查显示，他们花费21%至38%的时间用于写备忘录。由此可知，调查显示他们在写备忘录上花了不少时间。

18.Whatdoesthespeakersayis mostimportantin memorandum writing？

C）选项均为与写作有关的名词短语表明，本题可能考查某种文体的特点。短文中提到，为了给接收者节省时间，备忘录的直白和清晰十分重要。

19.Whatcharacteristicofamemorandumcanmake readers think highly of its writer？

D）选项均为名词短语表明，本题可能是以what开头的提问，且可能考查某事物的特点。短文中提到，备忘录与信件的另一个不同之处在于其幽默感。末尾又提到，只要幽默用对了地方、不使他人尴尬、不过火，而且不是太频繁，它就能反映出写作者积极正面的形象。由此可知，适当的幽默能使读者对作者给予高度评价。

2.利用选项特点推测问题内容

很多选项都有比较明显的特点，或使用某种特殊的表达方式（如均表示人物角色或均表示地点场所），或含有某些标志性的词语（如均含有should或均含有描述人物性格的词语）。利用这些选项特点和选项内容，就可以推测出问题可能考查的核心内容，从而确定听音时应该重点关注哪些内容。

【例】[2014-12（2）-Passage Three]

2

23.A）It was named after its location.

B）It was named after its discoverer.

C）It was named after a cave art expert.

D）It was named after one of its painters.

【预测信息】

选项均为以it was named after开头的句子表明，问题可能是关于it如何得名的。

【听音验证】

The vivid images of more than 300 animals that Jean-Marie Chauvet and his assistants found on the cave walls were like none that they had seen before.[23]Unusual in the GrotteChauvet，as the cave is now called in honor of its discoverer， are paintings of many flesh-eating animals.Other known caves from the same geographical area and time period contain only paintings of plant-eaters

【答案解析】

23.How did the cave get its name？

B）短文中提到，肖维岩洞是为了纪念其发现者而被命名的（the cave is now called in honor of its discoverer）。

3.通过提取选项要点确定听音重点

各选项中所涉及的要点内容往往也是与问题及答案关系比较密切的内容。因此，听音前预览选项时，考生应该提取各个选项的要点内容，将其提炼成一两个单词，在听音时重点留意并记录与其相关的信息。听音时只要将选项中所涉及的要点内容全部抓住，试题的答案也就比较容易确定了。

【例】[2014-12（2）-Passage Two]

【预览选项】

20.A）It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.

B）It crosses the English Channel twice a day.

C）It is now about half way to the French coast.

D）It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.

【预测信息】

选项虽然均为描述it的句子，但内容各不相同。听音前阅读选项时，可将各个选项的主要内容提取如下：A）Boulogne，half past two；B）English Channel，twice；C）half way，French coast；D）Folkestone，five minutes。听音时重点留意这些关键词并记笔记。

【听音验证】

Hello，ladies and gentlemen，welcome aboard your Sea-link ferry from Folkestone to Boulogne and wish you a pleasant trip with us.[20]We are due to leave Folkestone in about 5 minutes and a journey to Boulogne will take approximately 2 hours

【答案解析】

20.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheSea-link ferry？

D）短文中提到，我们预计在5分钟后离开福克斯通。由此可知，海联渡船大约5分钟之后离开福克斯通。