Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

整体预测

本对话四道题选项中的celebration，American/Chinese Labour Day以及重复出现的workers表明，对话可能与美国劳动节和中国劳动节的不同习俗有关。

W：As you have given us detailed information about Christmas and Easter in America just now，could you name some other important holidays and special days？

M：Well，Labour Day，Halloween，New Year’s Day，Valentine’s Day，Mother’s Day and Father’s Day.

W：Oh，is American Labour Day the same as our Chinese Labour Day？

M：No，it is celebrated on the first Monday in September.People parade to honour workers.Labour Day began in the 19th century with the dream of a carpenter named Peter J.McGuire，who eventually grew up to become the president of a national union of carpenters.Since he was fully aware of both the satisfaction and the suffering that accompany hard work，he wanted to establish a holiday“to honour the industrial spirit，the great vital force of the nation”.At his suggestion，the first Labour Day parade was held in New York City in 1882.In 1894，Labour Day became a federal holiday in the United States.

W：What do people do on this special day？

M：Since the holiday also marks the end of the summer vacation period for many people，it is often the time for an outing to the beach，a picnic in the park，or a barbecue in the backyard.

W：That’s great.Then，how about Halloween？

M：Well，Halloween is a short way of saying All Halloween’s Eve，which means the night before the Roman Catholic holy day of All Saint’s Day.It comes from two different sources：an ancient Celtic festival in honour of the lord of death and a Roman festival in honour of the goddess of gardens and orchards.The Halloween colours，black and orange，suggest death and harvest.

W：That’s why we often have pumpkin lanterns with candlelight.

1.What is the difference between American Labour Day and Chinese Labour Day？

解析A）。选项中重复出现的American/Chinese Labour Day和than表明，本题可能考查中国和美国的劳动节的不同之处。对话中女士问男士美国的劳动节是否和中国的劳动节相同，男士给予了否定回答，并说美国庆祝劳动节是在9月的第一个周一（the first Monday in September），而中国庆祝劳动节是在5月1日，由此可推知美国劳动节和中国劳动节的不同之处在于二者的庆祝时间不同，即美国比中国的庆祝时间要晚，故答案为A）。

2.What does Peter J.McGuire think of“hard work”？

解析B）。男士提到彼得J.麦奎尔提议设立劳动节，是因为他清楚地明白the satisfaction and the suffering that accompany hard work（辛苦劳作带来的满足感与辛酸），由此可知hard work会同时产生satisfaction和suffering，故答案为B）。

3.What do Americans do on Labour Day？

解析D）。选项均为以动词原形开头的短语表明，本题可能考查与劳动节相关的一些活动或行为。对话中男士明确提到，因为劳动节意味着暑假的结束，所以在劳动节那天，美国人就会去the beach（海滩）旅行，在公园野餐（a picnic）或是在后院吃烤肉（barbecue），故答案为D）。

4.What do the two traditional Halloween colours symbolise？

解析C）。对话结尾处，男士明确提到“Halloween colours，black and orange，suggest death and harvest.”，由此可知black和orange分别代表death和harvest，故答案为C）。

Conversation Two

整体预测

本对话四道题各选项中出现的trouble，assignment（s），days，weeks，reading materials和suggestions表明，对话可能与学生某项作业的完成情况有关，可能涉及做作业遇到的问题、所需的时间、要阅读的材料以及相关建议。

W：Excuse me，Dr Johnson.May I speak to you for a minute？

M：Sure.

W：I’m Melanie Griffin.I’m taking your course in population studies.

M：Right.So how can I help you？

W：I’m having a bit of trouble with the second assignment which is due in 12 days.

M：What sort of troubles are you having？

W：Well，I’ve trouble in getting hold of the books.I’ve been to the library several times and all the books were out.

M：It sounds like you should start borrowing the books a bit earlier.

W：Well，I have really a big assignment due for another course and I have been spending all my time on that，so I wonder if it is possible for me to get an extension of time to finish my assignment for you.

M：Well.Extensions are normally given only for medical or compassionate reasons.We don’t like giving an extension to a student who simply didn’t plan the work properly.What did you get for your first assignment？

W：I got 87.

M：Well，obviously you can produce good work.Since you did so well in your first assignment，I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one.

W：Oh，thank you.

M：Now what about the reading materials？So you check out the journal articles in the list？

W：Oh，no，not yet.There were about twenty of them.I’m not sure which ones should be most useful or all are important.

M：Well，they’re all useful，but I don’t expect anyone to read them all because a number of them deal with the same issues.And let me give you some suggestions

5.Why does the woman speak to the Doctor？

解析C）。选项均以“to+动词原形”开头，其中重复出现的her表明，本题可能考查女士做某事的原因或目的。由对话中男士的问话So how can I help you？和女士的回答I’m having a bit trouble with the second assignment which is due in 12 days.可知，女士是来与博士商议她第二份作业遇到的问题的，故答案为C）。

6.Why does the Doctor prepare to give the woman an extra time？

解析C）。选项中重复出现的she和assignment（s）表明，本题可能考查与女士的作业相关的情况。由男士的提问What did you get for your first assignment？和女士的回答“I got 87.”以及男士对这一成绩的反应“Since you did so well in your first assignment，I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one.”可知，由于这位女士在第一次作业中获得了高分，表现很好，所以男士同意额外给她两周时间来完成作业，故答案为C）。

7.When will the woman submit her second assignment？

解析B）。选项均为表示将来的时间表明，本题可能考查做某事所需的时间。由对话中女士的话I’m having a bit trouble with the second assignment which is due in 12 days.以及男士的回答I’m prepared to give you an extra two weeks for this one.可知，女士原本应该12天后交作业，再加上额外的两周时间，总共26天，即大约25天之后，故答案为B）。

8.What do we learn from the conversation？

解析D）。选项中重复出现the reading materials表明，本题可能考查与阅读材料相关的具体细节。由对话中男士的话“Well，they’re all useful，but I don’t expect anyone to read them all because a number of them deal with the same issues.And let me give you some suggestions”可知，男士会给女士提一些建议，指导她如何阅读材料，故答案为D）。

Section B

Passage One

整体预测

本短文三道题选项中的fire，class of fires和extinguishers表明，短文很可能与火有关，包括火的分类、灭火的方法等。

To extinguish different kinds of fires，several types of fire extinguishers have been invented.They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out.Most portable kinds operate for less than a minute，so they are useful only on small fires.The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel，oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist.One or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire.If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature，the fire goes out.The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire.Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen.This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things.A blanket may be used to cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation，which includes removing the fuel or material easy to burn from a fire，so that it can find no fuel.

The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire.Fires have been grouped in three classes.Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires.These materials usually help keep the fire on.Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

9.Which method is used if we cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire？

解析D）。选项的内容表明，本题与火灾的预防或扑灭有关。由短文可知，fuel（燃料），oxygen（氧气），heat（热量）是燃烧或火灾发生的三个必要因素。本题问的是用一个盆把一小截燃烧的木头扣灭是采用了什么灭火方法：用盆扣住木头是为了使其缺少燃烧必要的氧气，故答案为D）。问题采用了if条件句，此条件在短文中有所介绍，故应将问题的条件与短文的内容对号入座。

10.What should we first be clear about in choosing how to put out a fire？

解析C）。由上一题可知，选项中的it指代的是火灾。由短文中提到的the method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire可知，选择的灭火方式取决于火的类型，故答案为C）。C）中的kind与短文中的type为同义词。

11.What would the speaker probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？

解析A）。短文末尾对火灾进行了三个种类的划分，但只介绍了Class A，接下来自然是要介绍其他种类，故答案为A）。

Passage Two

整体预测

本短文四道题选项中的research papers，materials，notes，quotations和be paraphrased表明，短文可能与写作某种类型的文章有关，涉及写作材料和方法。

Your assignments this term will be to write two major research papers.One of the most important things about writing a research paper is giving proper credit of your resources of information.Failure to do this is called plagiarism which is a form of intellectual dishonesty.

Plagiarism is a kind of stealing or at least an unauthorised borrowing of someone else’s ideas.Sometimes inexperienced students will plagiarise unintentionally，and then be surprised when the teacher won’t accept their papers，or gives them a failing grade.

The best way to avoid an unintentional plagiarising is to be very careful in gathering your information.As you take notes on books and magazine articles about the topic you’ve selected，first try to assimilate the information thoroughly.Secondly，write it down in your own words.This is called paraphrasing.If you do a good job of paraphrasing，you’ll capture the main idea from your source without actually using any phrases from it.Most of your notes should probably be paraphrases.However，occasionally you may find something you wish to quote directly in your research paper.In this case，be sure that you copy the quotation precisely in your notes and enclose it in quotation marks.That way when you’re finalising your research paper，you’ll be able to remember which of your notes are direct quotes and which are your own summaries of the material.You can then incorporate them appropriately and give the original author proper credit.

12.What kind of assignment does the speaker discuss with the students？

解析C）。选项均以v.-ing形式开头，且宾语各不相同表明，本题可能涉及短文主题或正在进行的动作。短文开头即提到“Your assignments this term will be to write two major research papers.”，故答案为C）。短文的主题一般在开头部分，听音时要注意。

13.What does the speaker warn the students not to do？

解析B）。选项中的late，steal和non-relevant表明，本题可能考查不应该做的事情。短文开头部分提到写研究论文最重要的事情之一就是要giving proper credit of your resources of information（尊重信息的来源），然后从反面介绍剽窃现象“Plagiarism is a kind of stealingsomeone else’s ideas.”。由此可知，说话者告诫学生写论文时不要剽窃别人的观点，故答案为B）。

14.According to the speaker，how should most of the notes be taken？

解析D）。选项表明，本题可能考查方式方法。短文中提到“Secondly，write it down in your own words.”，故答案为D）。短文脉络清晰，听音时听到表顺序的词（first，secondly）时要特别留意。

5.In the speaker’s opinion，how should a direct quotation be used？

解析D）。短文用however将话题转移到quotation的使用上，其中提到be sure that youenclose it in quotation marks（确保应……将其标上引号），D）表述与此一致，故为答案。听清问题中的a direct quotation，明确选项中it指代的内容是解答本题的关键。

Section CRecording One

整体预测

选项中重复出现的waste和waste disposal表明，本段录音与垃圾和垃圾处理有关。

Humanity has always produced waste in vast quantities；but more people，more consumption and the contribution emissions from rubbish make to climate change mean that disposing of the stuff is an increasingly concerned issue.

People feel that they have a right to throw away as much stuff as they like.They shouldn’t.Rubbish damages the environment and is expensive to dispose of.With household waste，just as with toxic chemicals，governments need to persuade people that they should be responsible for the rubbish they produce.

Waste is also becoming more hazardous.Modern industry produces many things，from coal ash to computers，which are difficult to dispose of properly.The consequences can be serious：in the city of Dzerzhinsk，in Russia，decades of careless handling of chemical waste has reduced male life expectancy to just 42 years.Rotting waste，meanwhile，produces one of the greenhouse gases，and thus contributes to global warming.

Yet as the special report on the waste business in this week’s issue argues，there are grounds for optimism amid the piles of rubbish.Environmental concerns have spurred dramatic improvements in the way waste is managed in many countries.Recycling is becoming ever more common.Entrepreneurs are brimming with schemes to turn rubbish into electricity or fuel or fertilizer.Environmentalists dream of a world in which almost nothing is wasted.

But it is governments that have the power to turn such visions into reality，and their policies are all over the place.In America，for example，waste-burning places containing household rubbish are subject to tight regulation，whereas ones filled with toxic liquid waste from power plants are less tightly controlled.In Britain landfills are taxed out of all proportion to the damage they do to the environment.In poor countries many governments often ignore waste altogether.Only 6%of Madagascar’s rubbish is even collected.

To clear up the mess，governments need to hold people and companies responsible for the waste they produce.One way of doing that is to work out the cost of disposal and charge firms and households for rubbish collection based on the volume they produce.That helps discourage people from throwing stuff out，and provides a revenue stream to dispose of it when they do.Another is to oblige manufacturers to take back and dispose of certain goods when consumers have finished with them.That gives firms an incentive to make their wares easy to recycle or re-use.

As consumers，people hate paying for rubbish disposal.But as voters，they claim to worry about the state of the planet.Such measures are the price of cleaning it up.

16.What caused the short male life expectancy in Dzerzhinsk？

解析A）。选项描述的都是不好的事物，还重复出现了waste，由此推测，本题可能与垃圾等不好的事物有关。录音中提到，在俄罗斯的捷尔任斯克，数十年对化工废料的草率处理使得当地男性公民的预期寿命减至42岁，故答案为A）。

17.What is said about policies of rubbish disposal in different countries？

解析B）。选项中重复出现了policy on waste disposal，结合选项中的Madagascar，poor countries，America’ policy和Britain推测，本题可能与各国的垃圾处理政策有关。录音中提到，在许多贫穷的国家，政府往往完全忽视垃圾。B）项中的pay no attention to waste disposal是对录音中的often ignore waste altogether的同义转述，故答案为B）。

18.What should governments do to discourage people from throwing stuff out？

解析A）。选项均为动词原形开头，表明本题可能考查建议，再结合其中的charge people based on...，take charge of waste by themselves和prevent people from throwing stuff等推测，本题可能考查处理垃圾的建议。录音中提到，一种可行的方式就是计算出垃圾的处理费用，然后按照排放量对家庭和企业收费，故答案为A）。

19.What’s people’s attitude towards rubbish？

解析D）。选项中重复出现了waste disposal，结合其中的don’t care about，hate和would like等提示，本题可能考查they在垃圾处理方面的态度。录音最后提到，作为消费者，人们不愿为垃圾处理买单。但作为选民，他们称对地球的状况很担忧。由此可知，人们在垃圾问题方面的观点有些自相矛盾，故答案为D）。

Recording Two

整体预测

选项中重复出现的fire door和the doors表明，本段录音与防火门有关，with solid cores，made of plaster和with metal提示，录音中可能涉及防火门的构成和所使用的材料。

My house was built in 1955，before firewalls were required in garages.My buyers have asked that I upgrade the garage to comply with current fire safety requirements.I’ve cooperated with their request by patching several holes in the firewall.But now，they insist that I replace the door between the garage and the kitchen.This door is hollow core，but it has been covered with sheet metal for increased fire resistance.Isn’t this safe enough？With the question，I consulted an expert. The following is his answer and hopefully can help those people who are with the same problem with me.

“Before answering your questions，I must clarify one essential point：Homes built in 1955 exist earlier than the fire separation requirement for garages.Firewalls between homes and garages have been specified in the Uniform Building Code since the first code book was published in 1927.Modifications to the code have been laid down since that time，but the basic firewall requirement still applies to 40-year-old homes.

The purpose of this code is to delay the spread of fire from a garage to a dwelling.In order to comply，wood-framed walls and ceilings between garages and dwellings must be finished with plaster or 5/8 inch drywall，and all doors must be solid core or labeled as fire-rated by the manufacturer.

When your home was built，these codes were not universally enforced，especially in rural areas.So many hollow core doors were improperly installed in attached garages.In those years，a common upgrade for such doors was the application of sheet metal.Although this modification does not comply with current fire standards，most building departments regard these doors as“legal nonconforming”，which means that replacement is generally not required.

Another related upgrade is the requirement that fire doors be self-closing.The addition of a self-closing device would be an advisable upgrade to your garage door，but it is not a legal requirement for homes built in the 1950s.

As to the disagreement between you and your buyer，my advice would be to upgrade the garage door to current safety standards.It is not your obligation to make these improvements on the buyers’behalf，but they could certainly upgrade the quality of the fire door after closing the agreement.”

20.What’s the main problem the speaker wants to solve？

解析A）。选项均以whether开头，且重复出现了fire door，由此可推测，本题可能考查某人的疑问，该问题可能涉及防火门。录音开头提到，“我”要卖房子，买家坚决要求“我”换掉车库和厨房间的门（防火门），而“我”却认为这扇门已经足够安全，所以“我”去咨询专家，再结合最后一段专家的回答，可以推断出作者想要解决的主要问题是：是否需要更换防火门，故答案为A）。

21.Which kind of doors needn’t be replaced in the garage？

解析B）。选项均为名词短语，其中的with solid cores（实心）和made of plaster（用石膏做成）等表明，本题可能与某种设备的成分有关。录音中提到，根据法规，所有的门必须是实心的或有制造商标注的防火等级。四个选项中只有B）满足这两个条件中的一个，故答案为B）。

22.What do people usually do to upgrade the installed hollow core doors in the garage？

解析B）。选项均为stuffing/covering the doors with...，表明本题可能考查用什么材料来覆盖或者填充门，听音时应留意相关信息。录音中提到，改进空心门的普遍方法是外面包上金属板，故答案为B）。

Recording Three

整体预测

选项中重复出现的ability和leaders提示，本段录音与领导者及其能力有关。

Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced.If you could bottle this leadership X-factor—charm—the queue of interested executives would be a long one.But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess？

As individuals，charming leaders have highly developed communication skills，including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others，says Ronald Riggio，professor of leadership and organizational psychology.They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.

They connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others’feelings and concerns.

And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk.

“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us.We think someone is more charming，the more they represent our collective identity，”Professor Van Knippenberg says.In this way，a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of us.

Academics say that charming leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd.They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem solving，for example.

They are up for new things.They are open to out-of-the-box thinking，etc.An optimistic，energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence.

“A lot of charismatic leadership，and leadership in general，is very contextual.It’s really good in entrepreneurial firms.It’s also good for the change of an organisation if the organisation is in a bad state because it inspires”，says Kai Peters，the chief executive of Ashridge Business School. But not every organisation needs a charismatic leader.Leaders loaded with the X-factor can be self-glorifying，exploitative and authoritarian.As Peters says：“Where it is a problem is where you have‘look at me，I’m a star’.”

23.What ability do charming leaders have according to Ronald Riggio？

解析A）。选项 均为the ability+to do的形式，表明本题考查某种能力，听音时应留意与能力相关的信息。录音中提到，作为个人，魅力型领导者们都具有高水平的交流技巧，包括轻松、自然地对他人表达情感的能力，故答案为A）。

24.What kind of leaders would be welcomed by us？

解析D）。选项均为leaders+定语从句，表明本题考查某类领导者。a smaller version of us和resembles our own characteristics提示，这类领导者与我们有关，听音时应留意与我们有关的信息。录音中提到，我们希望领导具备的品质是：他们能被看作是我们真正的代表。我们觉得他们越是有魅力，他们就越应该能展现出我们的共同特性。D）项与此意表述一致，故答案为D）。

25.How can we become inclined to accept charming leaders’impact？

解析C）。选项均为“through+名词短语”的形式，表明本题考查某种方式。录音中提到，（领导者身上）乐观积极的品质能够帮助我们看到他们的领导者品质，并促使我们接受他们的影响，故答案为C）。