Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

整体预测

本对话四道题选项中的finish/doing the report，extend the time limit，gain extra scores，ahead of time，punish和late assignments表明，对话很可能与写报告有关，涉及交作业的时间和奖罚等。

W：Hello，Dr Christianson.

M：Hello，Cathy，what can I do for you？

W：Well，I need an extension for my report on whales.Next Wednesday I am supposed to present in class and hand my report in，but I won’t be ready.

M：You had six weeks to work on this，and I have a policy of penalizing students heavily for late assignments.You lose 20%the first day，and 10%for each day after.

W：Well，my computer broke down and I lost everything.I have taken the computer into the Campus Computer Centre but they cannot retrieve any of my files.

M：I can sympathize with the computer issue，because it happened to me once when I was a student.My computer crashed just as I was on the last page of a 10，000-word essay.I assume this will be a lesson to you.

W：Oh yes.

M：Well，let’s look at the calendar and see if there is another opportunity for your presentation and report.

W：What about November 29？

M：Let me see.No，that wouldn’t work，as Jane Clark is doing her presentation that day.

W：I’m not sure whether I can get it finished much sooner as I have to start writing the report from scratch.

M：Well，perhaps I can allow you to hand in your report on November 29，but the presentation must be sooner.Look at my calendar.The only possible day would be November 22.Rob Metcalf was supposed to present that day but I understand he was in a serious car accident and had to withdraw from university.

W：I didn’t know that.

M：So，we have arranged for you to present on November 22，and hand in your report on November 29.

W：Thanks again，Dr Christianson.

1.What does the woman want the man to do？

解析B）。选项中的help/give/hand in her表明，女士的话为听音重点。根据对话中女士提到的“I need an extension for my report...but I won’t be ready.”可知，女士想让男士多给她点时间完成报告，故答案为B）。听清关键信息词extension是解题的关键，but转折处为常考点，是听音重点。

2.What kind of policy does the professor have for assignments？

解析D）。选项中的gain extra scores，assignments ahead of time，punish和late assignments表明，本题可能与完成作业的奖罚有关。根据对话中男士提到的“I have a policy of penalizing students heavily for late assignments.You lose 20%the first day，and 10%for each day after.”可知，迟交作业的学生要被扣分，故答案为D）。问题中的policy是听音的关键，a policy of penalizing students heavily for late assignments表明教授对迟交论文的学生的处罚很严厉，C）中的lightly与其中的heavily意思相反，故排除。

3.What was the professor’s attitude towards the student’s problem？

解析A）。选项均为表示态度的形容词表明，本题可能考查某人对某事的态度。由对话中男士提到的I can sympathize with the computer issue可知，教授对此表示同情，故答案为A）。听到sympathize就不难选出答案。sympathetic是sympathize的形容词形式。

4.What happened to Rob Metcalf who will be replaced by the woman on November 22？

解析B）。选项均为与he有关的句子表明，本题考查与he有关的事实状况。由对话中男士提到的but he was in a serious car accident可知，此人出了车祸，故答案为B）。but转折处为常考点，是听音重点。

Conversation Two

整体预测

本对话四道题选项中的the office，stay up late，business trip，a meeting，以及重复出现的she和work表明，对话可能是关于女士的工作。

W：What a day！I’m exhausted.

M：Well，it’s not over yet.

W：Yeah，but it’s over for me.I have to go back home and be there when the kids get home.

M：Oh，that’s right.I have to go back to the office.My lawyer is waiting there to talk about a contract dispute we have with one of our clients.How long does it usually take you to get home from here？

W：It depends on traffic.Sometimes I can get home within half an hour.I should be home today around 5 p.m.

M：It’s so convenient that your office is close to the fourth ring road.I sometimes have to fight traffic for an hour just to get to the third ring.

W：I know.Hey，will you get home tonight in time to watch“That’s Incredible！”？

M：I hope so.That’s my favourite programme.I love all those weird things people do.

W：I’ll be watching it too.Well，if your meeting goes too late，give me a call and I’ll record it.

M：Thanks.I may do that.I might have to miss it tonight if my boss decides on our business trip to Shanghai tomorrow.Then I’ll have to stay later to get ready.

W：Oh，I hate going to Shanghai.

M：It’s not that bad.I would like to know earlier，however.

5.Why was the woman anxious to go back home？

解析C）。选项中的her work，her kids，home和office表明，本题涉及女士的工作和生活情况，女士的话为听音重点。由女士提到的I have to go back home and be there when the kids get home可知，女士急着赶回家是因为孩子要放学回家了，故答案为C）。C）的内容是对be there when the kids get home的同义转述。

6.What did the man think of the woman’s trip between office and home？

解析B）。由对话中男士提到的it’s so convenient that your office is close可知，男士认为女士回家方便（convenient），故答案为B）。

7.What do you know about the programme“That’s Incredible！”？

解析C）。对话中男士提到的I love all those weird things people do表明，这个节目是有关人们做的一些不可思议的事情，故答案为C）。C）中的strange things是对weird things的同义转述。

8.Why might the man miss the programme？

解析C）。选项中的stay up，he和having a meeting表明，本题可能与男士的工作有关。对话中男士提到might have to miss，因为如果老板决定明天去上海出差，男士就得加班到很晚来准备东西，故答案为C）。C）中的prepare for对应男士所说的get ready。

Section B

Passage One

整体预测

本短文四道题选项中的camps，learn to cook，horse lessons和help people achieve an educational purpose表明，短文可能与夏令营有关，涉及夏令营的活动、意义等。

Camp memories last forever！We make sure they are unforgettable！

Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do.Unlike the other camp programmes that include horses as a small part of their programme，at Shadow Ridge horses are the programme！We are 100%horse from stable management，nature walks，and track rides to bedroom furnishings.

Horses help us achieve many of our aims.Girls can learn to develop responsibility，self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun.Using horses as a wonderful tool for education，our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning.

Imagine each girl having her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of.Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week.Our riding programme provides a lot of riding and lesson time.Campers will learn how to take care of the horse as well as how to ride.Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse，as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.

At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving，caring family atmosphere for our campers.We have“The Bunkhouse”（4 girls），the“Wranglers Roost”（4 girls），and“The Hideout”（2 girls）in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house.All meals are home-cooked，offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry riders.

Our excellent activities create personalised memories of your child’s vacation.Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album（usually 300-500 pictures）of their stay at camp.

Our camps are offered during June，July and August for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years，not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.

We will send you full programme descriptions at your request.

9.What is the main topic of this passage？

解析A）。选项均以“to+动词原形”开头，且重复出现了camps，由此推断，本题考查与夏令营有关的行为目的。短文主要介绍了Shadow Ridge Summer Camps的活动内容、特色及教育意义，其目的是为了吸引顾客，故答案为A）。

10.What do we know about the camp programmes at Shadow Ridge？

解析B）。选项中的campers，learn to cook和horse lessons表明，本题与夏令营的活动有关。短文用了很大篇幅来介绍Shadow Ridge夏令营的骑马活动，这个夏令营和其他夏令营的最大不同就是以骑马为主要活动项目，故答案为B）。B）Horses play a central role in the activities.对应短文中的horses are the programme和We are 100%horse...。

11.What is the main aim of the programmes at Shadow Ridge？

解析D）。选项均以to help people开头表明，本题考查目的。短文中提到，马可以帮助我们达到很多目的，女孩可以培养自己的责任感、自信心和人际关系等，接着提到把马当作a wonderful tool for education，由此可知，Shadow Ridge的活动主要以教育为目的，故答案为D）。

12.Whom is the passage mainly written for？

解析C）。选项的内容表明，本题考查人物身份。短文通篇在介绍Shadow Ridge Summer Camps，其中主要提到夏令营的主要项目和其他娱乐活动，强调其教育意义，短文末尾提到，活动对象是加拿大和世界其他国家的13～16岁的女孩，所以其阅读对象应该是女孩的父母，故答案为C）。

Passage Two

整体预测

本短文选项中的competition in business，the rights of private business owners和the government表明，短文很可能与企业或经济政策有关。

In the 18th century French economists protested the excessive regulation of business by the government.Their motto was laisser faire.Laisser faire means let the people do as they choose.In the economic sense，this meant that while the government should be responsible for things like maintaining peace and protecting property rights，it should not interfere with private business.It shouldn’t create regulations that might hinder business growth，nor should it be responsible for providing subsidies to help.In other words，governments should take a hands-off approach to business.

For a while in the United States，laisser faire was a popular doctrine.But things quickly changed.After the Civil War，politicians rarely opposed the government’s generous support of business owners.They were only too glad to support government lend grants and loans to railroad owners，for example.Their regulations kept tariffs high and that helped protect American industrialists against foreign competition.Ironically in the late 19th century，a lot of people believed that the laisser faire policy was responsible for the country’s industrial growth.It was generally assumed that because business owners did not have a lot of external restrictions placed on them by the government，they could pursue their own interests，and this was what made them so successful.But in fact，many of these individuals would not have been able to meet their objectives if not for government support.

13.What does the passage mainly talk about？

解析C）。选项均为概括性较强的名词短语表明，本题可能考查短文主旨。根据短文开头提到的the excessive regulation of business by the government可知主题为一种经济政策，故答案为C）。短文主旨首先可根据选项内容进行推断，然后根据短文内容进行确定。短文开头和结尾一定要给予足够的重视。

14.Who first used the motto laisser faire？

解析B）。根据短文中提到的In the 18th century French economists protested...motto was laisser faire.可知，法国经济学家最先使用了自由竞争（laisser faire）的口号，故答案为B）。motto意为“格言，箴言”；laisser faire意为“自由竞争”。

15.What is the principal idea of the laisser faire policy？

解析B）。选项中重复出现的private business以及rights，protected和government表明，本题可能与保护私人企业的政策有关。根据文中提到的In the economic sense，this meant that while the governmentshould not interfere with private business.可知，自由主义政策的根本思想是政府不应干预私人企业，故答案为B）。

Section C

Recording One

整体预测

19题选项中重复出现了their boys，结合其他题选项中的at the lowest risk，have the problem of depression，need supports，incapable of communicating，become easily anxious和take their boys to psychology experts推测，本段录音可能与男孩有关，可能涉及男孩面临的问题以及解决的办法。

They’re young，they’re often highly visible—and they’re in deep trouble.America’s adolescent boys may look strong as they walk proudly down the street，but in reality they are the population at highest risk today for all kinds of serious problems.

Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are soaring among them.For the first time，depression among males is nearly as prevalent as among females in this group.The boys，as well as their sisters，belong to the first generation of divorce.Instead of a stable and supportive family base to keep them from feeling overwhelmed at times of stress，many are the products of absent parents and conflict.

And today’s boys are facing unprecedented stresses from many directions.While there is less certainty about the outcome of the college race，there is no reduction in expectations for male success.There is more career confusion，and paths seem less clear.

Given the uneasiness，substance abuse is an easy attraction，as is the pressure for early sexual activity.Contrary to popular views，boys are just as anxious and confused about sex as the girls are.

But perhaps the biggest problem with today’s young males is that they are unable to identify their own and others’feelings and thus unable to communicate about them.They never learned how from absent or overworked fathers.

However，the ability to communicate feelings is an increasingly important survival skill.It is certainly required for stable interpersonal relationships throughout life—at school，at work，and in the families most expect eventually to create.

For adolescent boys as for anyone，resolving the pressures in one’s life involves figuring out how you feel.There is an immediate need to take action.If not，our sons face life-threatening consequences.

Ways to save our boys might not be easy，but surely worth the effort of trying.First，educate yourself about the psychology of boys.Know more about how boys are struggling with all the aspects of their lives.Second，talk with adolescent boys.Let them know that you’re really interested in understanding their experience in the world.Make no attempt to judge the information or control the discussion.

Then all that you need is to discard the prevailing cultural myth that would have you take a step back from their lives.More than ever，adolescence is a time when kids need your support.You need to recognize that there is an all-important difference in the way genders display distress.Boys tend to express negative feelings in violence toward themselves or others，in self-destructive behavior and recklessness，and in substance abuse.

16.What is said about adolescent boys？

解析C）。选项均为描述they的完整句子，其中的are weak both physically and mentally和as girls do表明，they指的是男孩，本题考查男孩的情况。录音中提到，男孩子与女孩子患抑郁症的比例几乎持平，C）是对此的同义转述，故答案为C）。

17.What is the popular view towards boys？

解析D）。选项均为描述they的完整句子，其中的are not confused about sex as the girls表明，they依然指的是男孩，本题考查男孩的情况。录音中提到，和人们通常的想法正相反，男孩子和女孩子对性一样感到焦虑和困惑。由此可知，人们通常的想法是男孩子不像女孩子那样对性感到焦虑和困惑，故答案为D）。

18.What may be the most serious problem today’s young boys have？

解析A）。选项均为描述they的完整句子，其中的incapable，unwilling to undertake responsibility，become easily anxious和vulnerable表明，本题可能考查they面临的问题。录音中提到，现代青春期男孩的最大问题也许是他们无法辨认自己或他人的情感，于是无法表达它们。A）是对此的同义转述，故答案为A）。

19.What should parents do to help boys deal with various behavior problems？

解析B）。选项均为动词原形开头，且重复出现their boys，再结合选项中的instruct their boys，take their boys to psychology experts和give the least interference可推测，本题可能考查父母应该怎么做才能解决男孩的问题。录音中提到，父母要和青春期的男孩子们交谈。让他们知道你确实对理解他们在这个世界上的经历感兴趣。不要试图评判他们的信息或控制你们的谈话，故答案为B）。

Recording Two

整体预测

选项中重复出现了good people/men，evil，be responsible for和criminal，由此可推测，本段录音与好人和坏人以及谁应当为犯罪担责有关。

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.So，as a police officer，I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime.Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life.It has happened in the area of values.A key ingredient is disappearing，and I think I know what it is：accountability.

Accountability isn’t hard to define.It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty，kindness，and so on—accountability may be the most important of all.Without it，there can be no respect，no trust，no law—and，ultimately，no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse，or have never learned to impose it on themselves.But as every policeman knows，external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt，shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately there are still communities—smaller towns，usually—where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim：“In this family certain things are not tolerated—they simply are not done！”

Yet more and more，especially in our larger cities and suburbs，these inner restraints are loosening.A robber considers your property his property；he takes what he wants，including your life if you make him very angry.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes.Thirty years ago，if a crime was committed，society was considered the victim.Now，in a shocking reversal，it’s the criminal who is considered victimized：by his underprivileged upbringing，by the school that didn’t teach him to read，by the church that failed to teach him with moral guidance，by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.

I don’t believe it.Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.If we free the criminal，even partly，from accountability，we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

20.What do the wise man’s words suggest？

解析B）。选项中重复出现了good people/men和evil，由此推测，本题可能与好人和邪恶有关，听音时应留意与此相关的信息。警官在讲话开头引用名言：一位智者曾经说过，邪恶之所以取得胜利，是因为善良之人无所作为。选项中只有B）符合文义，其中evil will prevail是对triumph of evil的同义转述，故答案为B）。

21.What does the police officer say about people in large cities，compared with people in smaller towns？

解析A）。选项均以they have开头，且均含有比较级（less，better，more），结合self-discipline和respect推测，they为某类人，本题可能涉及某类人与其他人的比较。警官在讲话中做了对比：在一些小城镇，学校维持纪律，家庭主持规范；而在大城市和郊区，内在约束在放松，强盗抢东西成了理所当然的事。由此可见，大城市的人们纪律性更差，约束力小，尤其根据inner restrains are loosening可知A）正确。

22.What does the police officer believe？

解析C）。选项中重复出现了should，be responsible for和criminal，结合其中的society，modern civilization和the criminal himself推测，本题可能考查谁应该为犯罪负责，听音时应留意是社会、现代文明还是罪犯本身。警官在演讲中提到，三十年前，罪行发生后通常认为社会是受害者；而现在发生了巨大的转变，认为罪犯自己是受害者，并给出各种犯罪的理由，比如成长环境不好，教堂没有给予道德指引等等。警官接着以“I don’t believe it”道出他的观点：每一个犯罪的人应该为自己的行为负责任，而不应该找各种各样的借口。选项中只有C）符合文义。

Recording Three

整体预测

选项中重复出现了later-borns，first-borns，personality和famous people，结合选项中的tend to，are （more）likely to和are more radical推测，本段录音可能与先出生和后出生的孩子的比较有关，可能涉及他们的性格差异等。

In The Birth Order Book：Why You Are the Way You Are，Dr.Kevin Leman notes that 21 of the first 23 Americans in space were first-born males or only children.More than half of United States presidents have been first-borns or first-born boys.It’s a pretty significant finding historically，because families used to be bigger than they are today.

In addition to being high achievers，older children also generally have higher IQs than younger ones.Researchers have noted that the more kids a family has，the lower each child’s individual IQ tends to be.They give a few reasons for this.

Parents only have so much time，attention，and money.The more kids they have，the more these things are divided.First-borns initially get the entire parental time.What’s more，the ratio of grown-ups to kids decreases with each new baby.So the younger kids are surrounded by more children’s language on average than the older ones.

Some researchers think parental attention is the key to personality birth-order differences.In his book Born to Rebel，psychologist Frank Sulloway says competition for Mom and Dad’s attention is the thing that really shapes our personalities and，in fact has shaped history.He argues that we adapt our personalities as part of our strategy to seek favor from Mom and Dad.Younger brothers or sisters tend to become rebels.Sulloway studied political activists and found that later-born activists were more radical than their first-born peers.

The conclusion of his book is that brothers or sisters’competition for parental attention can affect society as a whole in times of revolution.Thomas Jefferson，Karl Marx，and Fidel Castro were all younger brothers，for example.

As compelling as this all is，it’s also something we should probably take with caution.There are other things that happen to us in life besides the addition of brothers or sisters to our families.A parent can die；a hurricane can leave us homeless；we can catch a life-threatening disease.Any one of these things will probably have more of an effect on our personalities than the presence of brothers or sisters.

A study bore this out.After interviewing 535 undergraduates，researchers concluded that personality differences related to birth order were“folklore”，although IQ and achievement differences were widely supported by research.

23.Which of the following statements is proposed by Dr.Kevin Leman？

解析C）。选项中重复出现的first-borns和later-borns表明，本题考查第一个出生的孩子和后出生的孩子的情况。讲座开头提到，凯文·莱曼博士指出第一批进入太空的23名美国人中有21名是家中第一个出生的男孩或是独生子女。由此可知，凯文·莱曼博士的观点是第一个出生的孩子取得的成就比其他孩子大，故答案为C）。

24.What idea does Frank Sulloway support？

解析A）。选项中重复出现了personality，由此可推测，本题与性格有关，听音时应留意与性格有关的信息。讲座中提到，索罗威在《生来就反抗》^一书中说，获得父母关注的竞争就是塑造我们性格的东西，也塑造了历史。由此可知，索罗威认为争取父母的关注度对一个人的性格的形成有很重要的作用，故答案为A）。

25.Why is Thomas Jefferson mentioned in the speech？

解析D）。选项均以“To+do”开头表明，本题可能考查目的或原因。选项中重复出现了the famous people和first-born children，还出现了Thomas Jefferson。由此推测，本题可能与托马斯·杰斐逊等名人是否是第一个出生的孩子有关，听音时应留意与托马斯·杰斐逊等名人有关的信息。演讲中先提到，索罗威研究政治激进分子后发现那些在家中后出生的孩子要比先出生的孩子更激进，然后举例：比如，托马斯·杰斐逊、卡尔·马克思和菲德尔·卡斯特罗都不是家中先出生的孩子。由此可知，演讲中提到托马斯·杰斐逊是为了说明前面的观点：那些在家中后出生的孩子要比先出生的孩子更激进，故答案为D）。