Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

1.A）They were all good at cooking.

B）They were particular about food.

C）They were proud of their cuisine.

D）They were fond of bacon and eggs.

Q：What did the woman think of the French？

【解析】A）。对话开头男士就向女士抱怨他在法国吃到了自己吃过的最糟糕的食物。女士表示怀疑并提到她一直认为法国人都是好厨师。由此可知，女士认为法国人都很擅长烹饪。A）中的all good at cooking是对对话中all good cooks的同义转述。

2.A）His parents.

C）His schoolmates.

B）His friends.

D）His parents’friends.

Q：Who did the man travel with on his first trip to Switzerland？

【解析】D）。对话中男士提到，当时他是和父母的朋友一起去的瑞士。D）中的parents’friends是对话中原词的再现。

3.A）No tea was served with the meal.

B）It was the real English breakfast.

C）No one of the group ate it.

D）It was a little overcooked.

Q：What does the man say about the breakfast at the little French café？

【解析】C）。对话中女士问男士他们到底有没有吃那顿糟糕的早餐，男士回答说没人吃。C）是对对话中nobody did的具体说明。

4.A）It was full of excitement.

C）It was a risky experience.

B）It was really extraordinary.

D）It was rather disappointing.

Q：What did the man think of his holiday in France？

【解析】D）。对话中男士一直都在抱怨这家法国小餐馆里的早餐，第二天晚上提供的蜗牛更是令他们同行的人彻底崩溃。最后男士评价说：“这真是一个糟糕的假期！”由此可知，男士认为这次法国之行非常令人失望。注意此处的“lovely”在口语中意为“令人败兴的，糟透了的”。

M：Guess what？The worst food I’ve ever had was in France.

W：Really？That’s odd.[1]I thought the French were all good cooks.

M：Yes，that’s right.I suppose it’s really like anywhere else，though.You know，some places are good，some bad.But it’s really all our own fault.

W：What do you mean？

M：[2]Well，it was the first time I’ve been to France.This was years ago when I was at school.I went there withmy parents’friends from my father’s school.They’d hired a coach to take them to Switzerland.

W：A school trip？

M：Right.Most of them had never been abroad before.We crossed the English Channel at night and we set off through France and at breakfast time we arrived and the coach driver had arranged for us to stop at this little café.There we all were tired and hungry.And then we made a great discovery.

W：What was that？

M：Bacon and eggs.

W：Fantastic！The real English breakfast.

M：Yes，anyway we didn’t know any better—so we had it，and ugh...！

W：What was it like？Disgusting？

M：Oh，it was incredible.They just got a bowl and put some fat in it.And then they put some bacon in the fat，broke an egg over the top and put the whole lot in the oven for about ten minutes.

W：In the oven？You’re joking.You can’t cook bacon and eggs in the oven！

M：Well，they must have done it that way.It was hot，but it wasn’t cooked.There was just this egg floating about in gallons of fat and raw bacon.

W：[3]Did you actually eat it？

M：[3]No，nobody did.They all wanted to turn round and go home.You know，back to teabags and fish and chips.You can’t blame them really.Anyway，the next night we were all given another foreign specialty.

W：What was that？

M：[4]Snails—that really finished them off.Lovely holiday that was！

Conversation Two

5.A）The woman’s relationship with other shops.

B）The business success of the woman’s shop.

C）The key to running a shop at a low cost.

D）The woman’s earnings over the years.

Q：What are the speakers mainly talking about？

【解析】B）。对话开头男士说，他希望女士用事实和数据解释一下她所说的商店做得好的含义。女士用doing well means...和and doing well means...解释了商店做得好的事实。接下来双方围绕商店的收入、支出，以及和其他店的关系展开了交谈。由此可知，对话主要是在谈论女士商店之所以成功的经营之道。

6.A）Improve its customer service.

B）Expand its business scale.

C）Keep down its expenses.

D）Upgrade the goods it sells.

Q：What does the woman say her shop tries to do？

【解析】C）。对话中女士在提及支出大幅提高时指出，她们努力尽量压低支出。C）是对对话中keep our expenses as low as we can的同义转述，keep down意为“使（数目、大小、数量等）保持在低水平”。

7.A）They are sold at lower prices than in other shops.

B）They are very popular with the local residents.

C）They are delivered free of charge.

D）They are in great demand.

Q：What do we learn about the goods sold at the woman’s shop？

【解析】A）。对话中男士说，女士商店里商品的价格比附近商店里同样的商品低很多。A）是对对话内容的同义转述，其中的they are sold at lower prices than对应对话中的prices are much lower than the same goods，in other shops对应in shops round about。

8.A）To follow the custom of the local shopkeepers.

B）To attract more customers in the neighborhood.

C）To avoid being put out of business in competition.

D）To maintain friendly relationships with other shops.

Q：Why doesn’t the woman want to make known their earnings anymore？

【解析】D）。对话中女士说，他们与当地所有店主的关系都很友好，但偶然有一次跟一个店主提到过自己一周的收入水平后，那个店主就不高兴了，便不再友好，所以他们特别注意不再公开他们的收入额。由此可知，女士不想公开自己的收入是因为她想与其他商店保持友好关系。

M：[5]You say your shop has been doing well. Could you give me some idea of what doing well means in facts and figures？

W：Well，[5]doing well means averaging £1，200 or more a week for about seven years，making almost a quarter of a million pounds.[5]And doing well means your earnings are rising.Last year，we did slightly over 50，000 and this year we hope to do more than 60，000.So that’s good if we continue to rise.

M：Now，that’s growth earnings，I assume. What about your expenses？

W：Yes，that’s growth.The expenses，of course，go up steadily.And since we’ve moved to this new shop，the expenses have increased greatly，because it is a much bigger shop.So I couldn’t say exactly what our expenses are.There’s something in the region of 6 or 7 thousand pounds a year，which is not high.Commercially speaking，it’s fairly low.[6]And we try to keep our expenses as low as we can.

M：[7]And your prices are much lower than the same goods in shops round about.How do the local shop keepers feel about having a shop doing so well in that midst？

W：Perhaps a lot of them don’t realize how well we’re doing，because we don’t make a point of publicizing.That was a lesson we learned very early on.[8]We were very friendly with all local shop-keepers，and we happened to mention to a local shop-keeper how much we had made that week.He was very unhappy and never as friendly again.So we make a point of never publicizing the amount of money we make.But we’re on very good terms with all the shops.None of them have ever complained that we’re putting him out of business or anything like that.I think it’s a nice friendly relationship.Maybe if they did know what we made，perhaps they wouldn’t be so friendly.

Section B

Passage One

9.A）They can be used to deliver messages in times of emergency.

B）They deliver pollutants from the ocean to their nesting sites.

C）They carry plant seeds and spread them to faraway places.

D）They are on the verge of extinction because of pollution.

Q：What have Canadian scientists found about some seabirds？

【解析】B）。短文中提到，鸟类有搬运东西的能力。加拿大的科学家发现了一个令人担忧的新实例。在加拿大北部北极圈以内的地方，海鸟从海洋里拾取危险的化学品，并将其运送到鸟类栖息的池塘附近。B）是对短文内容的同义转述，其中的deliverto是短文信息的再现，pollutants对应dangerous chemicals，nesting sites对应where the birds live。

10.A）They migrate to the Arctic Circle during the summer.

B）They originate from Devon Island in the Arctic area.

C）They travel as far as 400 kilometers in search of food.

D）They have the ability to survive in extreme weathers.

Q：What does the speaker say about the seabirds called fulmars？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，暴风鹱在海面上飞行大约400千米寻找食物。C）是对短文内容的同义转述，其中的travel as far as 400 kilometers对应短文中的travel some 400 kilometers，in search of food对应to find food。

11.A）They were carried by the wind.

C）They were less than on the continent.

B）They had become more poisonous.

D）They poisoned some of the fulmars.

Q：What did scientists previously notice about pollutants in the Arctic？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，以前，科学家曾注意到污染物随着风到达北极。A）是对短文中arriving in...with the wind的同义转述。

12.A）The threats humans pose to Arctic seabirds.

B）The diminishing colonies for Arctic seabirds.

C）The harm Arctic seabirds may cause to humans.

D）The effects of the changing climate on Arctic seabirds.

Q：What does the speaker warn about at the end of the talk？

【解析】C）。短文最后提到，研究人员表示，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、捕猎或捕鱼的人们需要多加小心。鸟类并不是故意造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质能造成严重的问题。由此可知，说话者是在警告我们北极海鸟可能会对人类造成危害。

Birds are famous for carrying things around.Some，like homing pigeons，can be trained to deliver messages and packages.Other birds unknowingly carry seeds that cling to them for the ride.

[9]Canadian scientists have found a worrisome，new example of the power that birds have to spread stuff around. Way up north in the Canadian Arctic， seabirds are picking up dangerous chemicals in the ocean and delivering them to ponds near where the birds live.

Some 10，000 pairs of the birds，called

fulmars—a kind of Arctic seabird—make their nests on Devon Island，north of the Arctic Circle.[10]The fulmars travel some 400 kilometers over the sea to find food.When they return home，their droppings end up all around their nesting sites，including in nearby ponds.

[11]Previously，scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.Salmon also carry dangerous chemicals，as the fish migrate between rivers and the sea.The bodies of fish and other meat-eaters can build up high levels of chemicals.

To test the polluting power of fulmars，researchers collected samples of the deposit from 11 ponds on Devon Island.In ponds closest to the colony，the results showed there were far more pollutants than in ponds less affected by the birds.

The pollutants in the ponds appeared to come from fish that fulmars eat when they’re out on the ocean.

[12]People who live，hunt，or fish near bird colonies need to be careful，the researchers say.The birds don’t mean to cause harm，but the chemicals they carry can cause major problems.

Passage Two

13.A）It has decreased.

B）It has been exaggerated.

C）It has become better understood.

D）It has remained basically the same.

Q：What does the speaker say about the risk of dying for American centenarians in recent years？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，近年来，美国百岁老人的死亡率已呈下降趋势，即百岁老人可能死亡的风险有所降低。问题中的the risk of dying与短文中的death rate同义，A）中的has decreased是短文中信息的再现。

14.A）It develops more easily in centenarians not actively engaged.

B）It is now the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

C）It has had no effective cure so far.

D）It calls for more intensive research.

Q：What does the speaker say about Alzheimer’s disease？

【解析】B）。短文中提到，但到2014年，在这个年龄段，阿尔茨海默病的死亡率翻了一倍多，这种进行性脑部疾病从而成为百岁老人的第二大死因。B）中的the second leading cause of death for centenarians是短文中信息的再现。

15.A）They care more about their physical health.

B）Their quality of life deteriorates rapidly.

C）Their minds fail before their bodies do.

D）They cherish their life more than ever.

Q：What is characteristic of people who live up to 100 years and beyond？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，身体健康到能活过100岁的人，最终都会屈服于疾病，就比如阿尔茨海默病。这种病会影响头脑和认知功能。换言之，就好像是他们的大脑功能先于身体衰退了。C）是对短文内容的同义转述，其中的fail对应短文中的give out。give out意为“（视力、记忆、健康等）衰退”。

[13]In recent years，the death rate among American centenarians—people who have lived to age 100 or older—has decreased，dropping 14%for women and 20%for men from 2008 to 2014.

The leading causes of death in this age group are also changing.

In 2000，the top five causes of death for centenarians were heart disease，stroke，flu，cancer and Alzheimer’s disease.[14]But by 2014，the death rate from Alzheimer’s disease for this age group had more than doubled—increasing from 3.8 percent to 8.5 percent—making the progressive brain disease，the second leading cause of death for centenarians.

One reason for the rise in deaths from Alzheimer’s disease in this group may be that developing this condition remains possible even after people beat the odds of dying from other diseases such as cancer.

[15]People physically fit enough to survive over 100 years ultimately give in to diseases， such as Alzheimer’s，which affects the mind and cognitive function.In other words，it appears that their minds give out before their bodies do.

On the other hand，the death rate from flu dropped from 7.4 percent in 2000 to 4.1 percent in 2014.That pushed flu from the third leading cause of death to the fifth.

Overall，the total number of centenarians is going up.In 2014，there were 72，197 centenarians，compared to 50，281 in 2000.But because this population is getting larger，the number of deaths in this group is also increasing—18，434 centenarians died in 2000， whereas 25，914 died in 2014.

Section C

Recording One

16.A）They are focused more on attraction than love.

B）They were done by his former colleague at Yale.

C）They were carried out over a period of some thirty years.

D）They form the basis on which he builds his theory of love.

Q：What does the speaker say about most of the experiments mentioned in this talk？

【解析】A）。录音中说话者提到要定义爱情是什么，但接下来说到的大部分实验，比起爱情其实更专注于吸引力。A）中的are focused more on attraction than love是录音中信息的再现。

17.A）The relationship cannot last long if no passion is involved.

B）Intimacy is essential but not absolutely indispensable to love.

C）It is not love if you don’t wish to maintain the relationship.

D）Romance is just impossible without mutual understanding.

Q：What does Robert Sternberg argue about love？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，斯腾伯格认为，如果你不觉得它是爱情，并且你没有维持一段关系的欲望，那么它就不是爱情。C）是对录音内容的同义转述，其中的wish to对应录音中的have some desire to。

18.A）Which of them is considered most important.

B）Whether it is true love without commitment.

C）When the absence of any one doesn’t affect the relationship.

D）How the relationship is to be defined if any one is missing.

Q：What question does the speaker think is interesting about Sternberg’s three elements of love？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，斯腾伯格爱情理论的有趣之处：构成爱情的三要素中，如果只有一两个时会是什么样？如果在三要素中有两种不同时又会是什么样？由此可知，当构成爱情的三要素中随便缺失一个时该如何定义这关系。D）是对录音内容的概括和推断。

OK，so let’s get started.And to start things off I think what we need to do is consider a definition.[16]I’m going to define what love is，but then most of the experiments I’m going to talk about are really focused more on attraction than love.And I’m going to pick a definition from a former colleague，Robert Sternberg，who is now the dean at Tufts University，but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly thirty years.And he has a theory of love that argues that it’s made up of three components：intimacy，passion，and commitment，or what is sometimes called decision commitment.And these are relatively straightforward.He argued that you don’t have love if you don’t have all three of these elements.

Intimacy is the feeling of closeness，of connectedness with someone，of bonding.Operationally，you could think of intimacy as you share secrets，you share information with this person that you don’t share with anybody else. Okay.That’s really what intimacy is，the bond that comes from sharing information that isn’t shared with other people.The second element is passion.Passion is the drive that leads to romance.You can think of it as physical attraction.And Sternberg argues that this is a required

component of a love relationship.

The third element of love in Sternberg’s theory is what he calls decision commitment，the decision that one is in a love relationship，the willingness to label it as such，and a commitment to maintain that relationship at least for some period of time.[17]Sternberg would argue it’s not love if you don’t call it love and if you don’t have some desire to maintain the relationship.So if you have all three of these，intimacy， passion and commitment，in Sternberg’s theory you have love.[18]Now what’s interesting about the theory is what do you have if you only have one out of three or two out of three？What do you have and how is it different if you have a different two out of three？ What’s interesting about this kind of theorizing is it gives rise to many different combinations that can be quite interesting when you break them down and start to look at them carefully.So what I’ve done is I’ve taken Sternberg’s three elements of love，intimacy， passion and commitment，and I’ve listed out the different kinds of relationships you would have if you had zero，one，two or three out of the three elements.

Recording Two

19.A）Social work as a profession.

B）The history of social work.

C）Academic degrees required of social work applicants.

D）The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.

Q：What does the speaker mainly talk about？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，今天要讨论一下成为社会工作者这件事，社会工作是一种帮助他人的职业，之后也都是围绕该职业的目标和职责等展开讨论。由此可知，说话者主要在讲社会工作这门职业。

20.A）They try to change people’s social behavior.

B）They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.

C）They raise people’s awareness of the environment.

D）They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.

Q：What do social workers mainly do？

【解析】B）。录音中提到，社会工作的首要使命是提高人类幸福度、帮助满足所有人的基本需求，尤其关注易受伤害的人、受压迫的人以及生活贫困的人。B）中的the underprivileged是对录音中who are vulnerable，oppressed，and living in poverty的概括。

21.A）They have all received strict clinical training.

B）They all have an academic degree in social work.

C）They are all members of the National Association.

D）They have all made a difference through their work.

Q：What do professional social workers have in common according to the speaker？

【解析】B）。录音中提到，全国有60多万名职业社会工作者，他们都拥有社会工作方面的学士学位和硕士学位或博士学位。B）中的an academic degree是对录音中a Bachelor’s Degree，a Master’s Degree，or a PhD的概括。

22.A）The promotion of social workers’social status.

B）The importance of training for social workers.

Q：What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，在接下来的系列讲座中，梅尔·威尔逊会告诉你们获得社会工作学位后的选择范围，以及社会工作者必须要高标准履行的职责。

Hi，I’m Elizabeth Hoffler，Master of Social Work.I’m a social worker，a lobbyist，and a special assistant to the Executive Director at the National Association of Social Workers.[19]Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession.[20]Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people，with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable， oppressed，and living in poverty.We often deal with complex human needs.Social work is different from other professions，because we focus on the person and environment.We deal with the external factors that impact a person’s situation and outlook.And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention， to help clients and communities cope effectively with reality and change that reality when necessary.

In thousands of ways social workers help other people；people from every age，every background， across the country.Wherever needed，social workers come to help.The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net.We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing decisions.[21]There are more than 600，000 professional social workers in the country，and we all either have a Bachelor’s Degree，a Master’s Degree，or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically trained social workers than clinically trained psychiatrists，psychologists，and psychiatric nurses combined.

Throughout this series you will learn more about the profession，the necessary steps to get a social work degree，the rich history of social work，and the many ways that social workers help others.[22]Later in this series，you will hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson，fellow social workers at the National Association of Social Workers.Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker，[22]and Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree，as well as the high standards of responsibility the social workers must adhere to.

The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145，000 social workers across the country.Our mission is to promote，protect，and advance the social work profession.We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker.Next，we are going to talk about choosing social work.Recording Three

23.A）To fight childhood obesity.

B）To help disadvantaged kids.

C）To encourage kids to play more sports.

D）To urge kids to follow their role models.

Q：What is the aim of Michelle Obama’s campaign？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，目前，米歇尔·奥巴马的“让我们动起来！”运动遭到越来越多的批评。这项运动旨在对抗儿童肥胖现象，鼓励年轻人多参加体育活动。A）中的fight childhood obesity是录音中信息的再现。

24.A）They best boost product sales when put online.

B）They are most effective when appearing on TV.

C）They are becoming more and more prevalent.

D）They impress kids more than they do adults.

Q：What does research find about advertisement featuring professional athletes？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，研究人员在报告中说，12到17岁的孩子观看的运动员代言食物和饮料的广告超过了成人。D）是对录音中children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults的合理推断。

25.A）Always place kids’interest first.

B）Do what they advocate in public.

C）Message positive behaviors at all times.

D）Pay attention to their image before children.

Q：What does the speaker think kids idols should do？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，如果儿童把运动员当成偶像，那么偶像的言行一致才会对他们最有利。偶像言行一致地传达积极行为会让孩子们效仿更健康的生活方式。C）是对录音内容的同义转述，其中的message positive behaviors对应录音中的messaging of positive behaviors，at all times对应consistent。

Today，I’d like to talk about what happens when celebrity role models get behind healthy habits，but at the same time promote junk food.

[23]Currently，there’s mounting criticism of Michelle Obama’s“Let’s Move！”campaign，which fights childhood obesity by encouraging youngsters to become more physically active，are signed on singer Beyonce and basketball player Shaquille O’Neal，both of whom also endorse sodas，which are a major contributor to the obesity epidemic.Now there’s a lot more evidence of how powerful a celebrity—especially a professional athlete—can be in influencing children’s behavior.

In a report published by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale University，researchers studied 100 professional athletes and their endorsement contracts. The team focused on athletes since they are theoretically the best role models for active，healthy lifestyles for children. After sorting the deals by category，they determined that among the 512 brands associated with the athletes，most involved sporting goods，followed closely by food and beverage brands.

Sports drinks，which are often high in sugar and calories，made up most of the food and drink deals，with soft drinks and fast food filling out the remainder.Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes，93%relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.

It’s no surprise that high profile athletes can influence children’s eating behaviors，but the scientists were able to quantify how prevalent these endorsements are in the children’s environment.[24]Advertisements featuring professional athletes and their endorsed products tend to get impressive exposure，on TV，radio，in print and online. And in 2010，the researchers reported that children ages 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.

One reason any campaign wants a popular celebrity spokesperson is because kids are attracted to them no matter what they are doing.We can’t expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar.At best， kids might be confused.At worst，they’ll think the messages about soda are the same as the messages about water，but those two beverages aren’t the same.

[25]If children are turning to athletes as role models，it’s in their best interest if their idols are consistent.Consistent messaging of positive behaviors will show healthier lifestyles for kids to follow.