逐句分析

①句将“一直延续到”译作“lasted/continued/extended until”。

②句将“中国经济大幅增长”处理为名词短语，并用“make”一词表达了句中潜在的因果关系，即正是由于经济的大幅增长才使宋朝成为世界上最先进的经济体。“科学、技术、哲学和数学蓬勃发展”被处理成由along with开头的伴随状语，对上文进行补充说明。“蓬勃发展”译作“flourishing”。

③句将“宋代中国”译作“The Song Dynasty China”；“发行纸币”译作“issue paper money”。需注意“国家”应译作“government”，不能用“country”，因为发行货币是政府行为（政体），而非地理概念上的国家。

④句将“最早使用”译作“the first to use”；“火药”译作“gunpowder”；“印刷”译作“printing”。

⑤句将“人口增长迅速”处理为伴随状语，译作“with the rapid increase of population”。此句意在说明人们居住地的变化，所以将“住进”译作“move into”，而非“live into”。最后的“那里有热闹的娱乐场所”可处理为定语从句，译作“where there were lively entertainment quarters”。

⑥句将“社会生活”译作“social life”；“多种多样”译作“diverse”。

⑦句将“观看和交易珍贵艺术品”处理为动词不定式短语，作为“聚集在一起”的目的。“聚集在一起”译作“gathered together”；这里的“观看”其实是“欣赏”，故译作“appreciate”，也可简单译作“watch”；“交易”译作“trade”；“珍贵艺术品”译作“precious/valuable artworks”。

⑧句将“政府体制”译作“government system”或“the system of government”；“先进的”译作“advanced”；“在当时”可译作“at that time”，放在句末。

⑨句将“竞争性考试”译作“competitive examinations”。“选拔任用”即“被选拔任用”，译作“were selected and appointed”。

完整译文

The Song Dynasty began in 960 and lasted until 1279.During this period，the rapid economic growth made China the most advanced economy in the world，along with the thriving of science，technology，philosophy and math.The Song Dynasty China was the first government to issue paper money in world history.Also，the Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and invented movable-type printing.With the rapid growth of population，more and more people moved into cities where there were lively entertainment quarters.Social life was diverse.People gathered together to appreciate and trade precious artworks.The government system of the Song Dynasty was also advanced at that time.Government officials were selected and appointed through competitive examinations.

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