Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

1.A）Doing enjoyable work.

B）Earning a competitive salary.

C）Having friendly colleagues.

D）Working for supportive bosses.

Q：What is the number one factor that made employees happy according to the survey？

【解析】C）。对话中男士说，（让员工幸福的）最重要的因素是拥有友好且支持你的同事。C）是对话中信息的再现，故为答案。问题中的the number one对应对话中的the most important。

2.A）20%. B）25%.

C）31%. D）73%.

Q：What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work？

【解析】A）。对话中男士说，然而，20%的员工把自己描述为不幸福。A）是对话中信息的再现，故为答案。

3.A）Those full of skilled workers.

B）Those that are well managed.

C）Those run by women.

D）Those of a small size.

Q：What kind of companies are popular with employees？

【解析】D）。对话中男士说，首先，小就是美。人们绝对偏爱在不到100人的小型组织或公司工作。D）是对对话中信息的概括，其中的small size对应对话中的smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff。

4.A）They can win recognition of their work.

B）They can better balance work and life.

C）They can hop from job to job easily.

D）They can take on more than one job.

Q：What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier？

【解析】B）。对话中男士说，而且，签订兼职合同、每天只工作四五个小时的人员比从事全职工作的人更幸福。研究得出结论，这可能是因为他们拥有一个更好的工作与生活之间的平衡。B）是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的better balance work and life对应对话中的a better work-life balance。问题中的is the possible reason对应对话中的is probably due to。

W：Welcome to Workplace，and in today’s program we are looking at the results of two recently published surveys，which both deal with the same topic—happiness at work.John，tell us about the first survey.

M：Well，this was done by a human resources consultancy who interviewed more than 1，000 workers and established a top 10 of the factors which make people happy at work.[1]The most important factor，for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly，supportive colleagues.In fact，73%people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work， which is a very high percentage.The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having one’s achievements recognized and rather surprisingly， earning a competitive salary.

W：So，we’re not mainly motivated by money？

M：Apparently not.

W：Any other interesting information in the survey？

M：Yes.For example，25%of the working people interviewed described themselves as very happy at work.[2]However，20%of employees described themselves as being unhappy.

W：That’s quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

M：It is，isn’t it？And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey.[3]First of all， small is beautiful.People definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff.We also find out that，generally speaking， women were happier in their work than men.

W：Yes，we are，aren’t we？

M：[4]And workers on part-time contracts who only work 4 or 5 hours a day are happier than those who work full time.The research is concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

W：Are bosses happier than their employees？

M：Yes.Perhaps not surprisingly，the higher people go in a company，the happier they are.So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

Conversation Two

5.A）It is a collection of photos.

B）It is an introduction to music.

C）It is about the city of Bruges.

D）It is a book of European history.

Q：What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood？

【解析】A）。对话中男士说，2006年，当布鲁日市音乐厅要求他以水为主题为新音乐季目录册拍摄一些照片时……这种危险逼近的恐惧就成了一个大型摄影计划的主题。由此可知，男士的《洪水前的时刻》一书是一本影集，故答案为A）。

6.A）When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.

B）When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.

C）When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.

D）When painting the concert hall of Bruges.

Q：When did the man get his idea for the work？

【解析】B）。对话中女士问男士最早是怎么对这个题材产生兴趣的。男士说，2006年，当布鲁日市音乐厅要求他以水为主题为新音乐季目录册拍摄一些照片时，他就沿着比利时海岸线展开工作。由此可知，男士是在为一份音乐会目录拍摄照片的时候得到作品灵感的，故答案为B）。

7.A）The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.

B）The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.

C）The entire European coastline will be submerged.

D）The major European scenic spots will disappear.

Q：What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs？

【解析】C）。对话中男士说，因为当时媒体上有很多警告气候灾难即将发生的文章。现在很清楚，整个欧洲的海岸线消失在水下只是时间问题。由此可知，气候灾难发生时，整个欧洲海岸线将会被淹没，故答案为C）。C）中的will be submerged与对话中的disappears under water同义。

8.A）Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.

B）It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.

C）People cannot get around without using boats.

D）Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.

Q：What does the man say about Venice？

【解析】A）。对话中男士说，还有威尼斯，永远被海洋威胁着。在这里，每天清晨人们必须架起木制通道，让游客抵达酒店。A）是对对话中信息的同义转述，故为答案。

W：Mr.De Keyzer，I’m a great lover of your book，Moments Before the Flood.[6]Can you tell us how you first became interested in the subject matter？

M：[5]/[6]In 2006，when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water，I found myself working along the Belgian coastline.As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen，I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently，a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child.[5]This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

W：You wrote in the book：“I don’t want to photograph the disaster.I want to photograph the disaster waiting to happen.”Can you talk a bit about that？

M：[7]It is clear now that it’s a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under water.The same goes for numerous big cities around the world.My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline，reaching history， before it’s too late—as a last witness.

W：Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project？

M：Sure.The project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear.In the images，you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans，Germans，Vikings，and now nature as enemy number one.For example，there is the image of the bridge into the sea taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site.[8]Also Venice，the city eternally threatened by the sea，where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach the hotels.

W：Thank you，Mr.De Keyzer.It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

Section B

Passage One

9.A）They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.

B）They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.

C）They take too many irrelevant factors into account.

D）They make careful preparations beforehand.

Q：What do some people do when they face a new situation？

【解析】B）。短文开头提到，面对新情况时，有些人往往会花太多时间预想最坏的情况，以此预演失败。B）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的defeat对应短文中的the worst。

10.A）Mental images often interfere with athletes’performance.

B）Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.

C）Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.

D）A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.

Q：What does the research conducted at Stanford University show？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，斯坦福大学的一项研究表明，心理意象能够像实际做了某事一样激发神经系统。C）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的thinking对应短文中的a mental image；has the same effect on对应firesthe same way；doing对应actually doing。

11.A）Anticipate possible problems.

B）Make a list of do’s and don’ts.

C）Try to appear more professional.

D）Picture themselves succeeding.

Q：What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，因此，在开始应对任何有压力的情况前，你应该只专注于你想要让什么发生。D）是对短文中focus only on what you want to have happen的同义转述，故为答案。

12.A）She won her first jury trial.

B）She wore a designer dress.

C）She presented moving pictures.

D）She did not speak loud enough.

Q：What do we learn about the lawyer in the court？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，我记得与一名年轻的律师交谈过，她即将开始她的第一次陪审团审判。在这次积极彩排的几周后，那名年轻的律师的确胜诉了。A）是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

[9]When facing a new situation， some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial.She was very nervous.I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury.She replied，“I don’t want to look too inexperienced；I don’t want them to suspect.This is my first trial.”This lawyer had fallen victim to the “don’ts”syndrome，a form of negative goal setting.The“don’ts”can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures.[10]Research conducted at the Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something that means when a golfer foretells himself，don’t hit the ball into the water.His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water，so guess where the ball will go.[11]Consequently， before going into any stressful situation， focus only on what you want to have happen.[12]I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial，and this time she said，“I want to look professional，and self-assured.”I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like.To her it meant moving confidently around the court room，using convincing body language and projecting her voice so it could be heard from the judge’s bench to the back door.She also imagined a skillful closing argument and a winning trial.[12]A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal，the young lawyer did win.

Passage Two

13.A）It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.

B）Its health benefits have been overestimated.

C）Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.

D）It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.

Q：What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，如今，研究表明，在青少年的饮食中添加纤维可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的风险。短文后面也多次提到多吃高纤维食物有助于避免患乳腺癌或降低患乳腺癌的风险。由此可知，D）为答案，其中的avoid developing对应短文中的lower the risk of。

14.A）It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.

B）It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.

C）It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.

D）It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.

Q：What do we learn about the survey of the 44，000 women？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，这项新发现是基于对44000名女性的研究得出的。研究人员调查了她们在高中时的饮食，并持续20年追踪她们的饮食习惯。A）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的since their adolescence对应短文中的during high school。

15.A）Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.

B）Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.

C）Fiber may make blood circulation smoother.

D）Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.

Q：What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，这项发现证实了一个长久以来的证据：纤维或许能降低人体循环中的雌性激素水平，这可以解释风险降低的原因。这项研究的重点是，你吃的纤维越多，那么或许你身体中的激素水平就越低。D）是对短文中信息的同义转述，故为答案。

Most Americans don’t eat enough fruits， vegetables or whole grains.[13]Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer. Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools.But along comes a new study that could change that.Kristi King，a diet specialist at Texas Children’s Hospital， finds it hard to get teenage patients’attention about healthy eating by telling them they are eating lots of high-fiber foods could reducethe risk of breast cancer before middle age. That’s a powerful message.[14]The new finding is based on a study of 44，000 women.They were surveyed about their diets during high school and their eating habits were tracked for two decades.It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescents had a lower risk of developing breast cancer，compared with the women who ate the least fiber.This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years， the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.[15]The finding points to longstanding evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels，which could explain the reduced risk.The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat，perhaps，a lower level of hormone in your body，and therefore，a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.High-fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes.That’s why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day—man even more.

Section C

Recording One

16.A）Investigating the impact of media on government.

B）Studying the hazards of young people drinking.

C）Conducting research on consumer behaviour.

D）Observing the changes in marketing.

Q：What is the speaker currently doing？

【解析】C）。录音开头提到，“那么，我当前的研究其实是关于消费者行为的。”由此可知，说话者目前正在做消费者行为方面的研究，故答案为C）。

17.A）It is a chief concern of parents.

B）It is an act of socialising.

C）It is the cause of many street riots.

D）It is getting worse year by year.

Q：What has the speaker found about young people’s drinking？

【解析】B）。录音中提到，“例如，就年轻人的饮酒行为来说，我所确定的事情之一是，对于像18～24岁的人来说，饮酒完全是一种社交活动。”B）是对录音中信息的同义转述，其中的an act of socialising对应录音中的all about the social activity。

18.A）They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.

B）They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.

C）They conducted a thorough research on advertising.

D）They analysed their family budgets over the years.

Q：What does the speaker say that his students did last year？

【解析】B）。录音中说话者提到，例如，去年，他的学生花一周时间研究自己的购物行为。B）中的studying their own purchasing behaviour是对录音中looking at their own purchasing的同义转述，故答案为B）。

[16]Well，my current research is really about consumer behavior.So recently，I’ve looked at young people’s drinking and it’s obviously a major concern to Government at the moment.

I’ve also looked at how older people are represented in the media；again，it’s of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.

I’m also interested in how consumers operate online，and how that online behavior might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.

Well，I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what’s happening from the consumer’s perspective. One of the things that businesses and indeed Government organizations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer’s perspective.

[17]For example，in the case of young people’s drinking， one of the things that I’ve identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.

A lot of the Government advertising has been about individual responsibility，but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we’ve tried to present there.

The key thing about consumer behavior is that it’s very much about how consumers change.Markets always change faster than marketing；so we have to look at what consumers are doing.

Currently，I teach consumer behavior to undergraduates in their second year，and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behavior and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behavior aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research. For example，[18]last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analyzed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers.I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had， too.The fact of the matter is that there’s a whole range of interesting research out there，and I think as the years go on， there’s going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

Recording Two

19.A）It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.

B）It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.

C）It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.

D）It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.

Q：What do we learn about Sweden？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，瑞典是第一个印刷并使用纸币的欧洲国家，但是它可能很快就会废除实物货币。A）是对录音中信息的同义转述，其中的it is likely toin the near future对应录音中的it may soon；give up对应do away with；paper money对应physical currencies。

20.A）Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.

B）Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.

C）Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.

D）Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.

Q：What did Claire Barratt want to find out with her experiment？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，巴雷特想弄清楚，没有实物货币是否真的能导致一个人多花钱，于是几个月前，她决定做一个实验。C）是对录音中信息的同义转述，其中的whether对应录音中的if；is going to affect everyday life对应does indeed cause a person to spend more。

21.A）The cash in her handbag was missing.

B）The service on the train was not good.

Q：What did Claire Barratt find on her train ride？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，在实验期间，巴雷特乘坐了一次火车。在途中，广播里说餐车目前不接受信用卡。车厢里充满了抱怨，因为很多乘客出门时没带现金。由此可知，（火车上的）餐车只收现金，C）是对录音中信息的概括推断，故为答案。

22.A）By drawing money week by week.

B）By putting money into envelopes.

Q：How did people of the last generation budget their spending？

【解析】B）。巴雷特说这突出表明了在上一代人中，事情有了多大的变化。她父母年轻时常把钱放进信封里来做预算。B）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

[19]Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money，but it may soon do away with physical currencies.

Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system，and they can also avoid bank robberies， theft，and dirty money.

Claire Barratt，the editor of Financial Times Money，says the Western world is headed toward a world without physical currency.

Andy Holder—the chief economist at The Bank of England—suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency.But does a cashless society really make good economic sense？

“The fact that cash is being drawn out of society is less a feature of our everyday lives，and the ease of electronic payments—is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it？”

[20]Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more，so she decided to conduct anexperiment a few months ago.

She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending.She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need—she was forever drawing money out of cash points.Months later，she was still finding cash stuffed at her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.

[21]During the experiment，Barrett took a train ride.On the way，there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards.The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.[22]“It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation，”Barrett says.“My parents，when they were younger，used to budget by putting money into envelopes—they’d get paid and they’d immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes，so they knew what they had to spend week by week.It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending.Nowadays， we’re all on credit cards，we’re doing online purchases，and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can’t get our hands around.”

Recording Three

23.A）Population explosion.

B）Extinction of rare species.

C）Chronic hunger.

D）Environmental deterioration.

Q：What is one of the problems the speaker mentions in his talk？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，目前，有10亿人长期处于饥饿中，这意味着他们饿着醒来、饿着度过一整天、饿着入睡。由此可知，说话者在演讲中谈到的其中一个问题是“长期饥饿”。C）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

24.A）About half of them are unintended.

B）They contribute to overpopulation.

C）They have been brought under control.

D）The majority of them tend to end halfway.

Q：What does the speaker say about pregnancies？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，全世界约有一半的怀孕是意外发生的。A）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

25.A）It is beginning to attract postgraduates’attention.

B）It is neglected in many of the developing countries.

C）It is becoming a subject of inter disciplinary research.

D）It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.

Q：How does the speaker view the study of the populations？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，我把人口统计学看成一个与经济学相关的核心学科……目的是改善人们的福利，不仅是你自己的福利……但也包括你身边的人的福利，以及和我们共享这个星球上的其他物种的福利。D）是对录音中信息的概括性转述，其中的is essential to对应录音中的central；all species对应not only of yourselfbut of people around you and of other species；earth对应the planet。问题中的view对应see。

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college？You will be growing up in the generation where the baby-boomers are going into retirement and dying.You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before.You will hear more and more about migration between countries，and between rural areas and cities.You need to understand as a citizen and as a taxpayer and as a voter what’s really behind the arguments.I want to tell you about the past，present and future of the human population，so let’s start with a few problems.[23]Right now，a billion people are chronically hungry that means they wake up hungry，they are hungry all day，and they go to sleep hungry.A billion people are living in slums， not the same billion people，but there is some overlap. Living in slums means they don’t have infrastructure to take the garbage away.They don’t have secure water supplies to drink.Nearly a billion people are illiterate.Try to imagine your life being illiterate.You can’t read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket，if you can get to a supermarket.Two thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don’t have access to birth control they want，so that they can control their own fertility.This is not only a problem in developing countries，[24]about half of all pregnancies globally are unintended.So those are examples of population problems.Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems.It’s not only the study of human population， but the populations of non-human species，including viruses，like influenza，the bacteria in your gut，plants that you eat，animals that you enjoy，all that provide you with meat.Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs and buildings because these are also populations.It studies these populations in the past，present and future using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.[25]I see demography as a central subject related to economics.It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world to improve the wellbeing not only of yourself，important as that maybe，but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.