逐句分析

①句由三个分句构成。可拆分为两个简单句翻译，也可将“面积很大，但湖水很浅”处理为状语，还可变换语序，将后两个分句作为主句，第一个分句中的“位于湖南省东北部”处理为介词短语。“面积很大”译为“large”；“浅”译为“shallow”。

②句两个分句中重复出现的“湖”提示，可将第一个分句处理为主句，将第二个分句处理为定语从句。本句两个分句之间暗含因果关系，故也可增译表因果的连词。“蓄洪地”译为“flood basin”；“很大程度上”译为“largely”；“取决于”译为“depend on”。本句还可拆分成两句，译为“Dongting Lake is a flood basin of the Yangtze River.Hence，the lake’s size depends largely on the season.”

③句“因……而得名”译为“be named after”。冒号后两个分句为结构类似的并列句，除了使用连词and连接外，后面句子中的动词可以省略。

④句主干为“洞庭湖在中国文化中享有盛名”，故可将“作为龙舟赛的发源地”处理为介词短语。“龙舟赛”译为“dragon boat racing”；“发源地”译为“the place of origin”；“享有盛名”可转译为“be famous”。

⑤句有两个分句。第二个分句可处理为目的状语，也可处理为方式状语。“据说”译为“It is said that...”或“be said to”；“爱国”是形容词，译为“patriotic”；“遗体”即“尸体”，可译为“body”或“corpse”。

⑥句主语有三个，即“龙舟赛”“洞庭湖”和“（洞庭湖）周边的美景”，可用连词and连接，也可将最后一个主语处理为with短语，做第二个主语的伴随状语。注意，根据主谓一致原则，谓语“吸引着”需用复数。“周边的”可译为surrounding，做定语，也可译为“around”，做状语；“美景”可译为“gorgeous scenery”或“beautiful scenery/landscape”；“游客”可译为“tourist”，“visitor”或“sightseer”。

完整译文

Dongting Lake is a large，shallow lake in northeastern Hunan province.Dongting Lake，whose size/the size of which depends largely on the season，is a flood basin of the Yangtze River.The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake：Hubei means“North of the Lake”and Hunan，“South of the Lake”.Dongting Lake is famous in Chinese culture as the place of origin of dragon boat racing.Dragon boat racing is said to have begun on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake as a search for the body of Qu Yuan，the patriotic poet of Chu.Dragon boat racing and Dongting Lake，with the gorgeous scenery around it，attract thousands of tourists across China and all over the world every year.

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