逐句分析

①句由4个分句构成，可按意群拆分翻译。将第一、二、四分句翻译成状语，第三分句翻译成主句。“太湖”可译为“Taihu Lake”“Lake Tai”或“Lake Taihu”；“淡水”在此做定语，所以译为“freshwater”，不应译为“fresh water”。后面三个分句中，核心谓语是“是中国第三大淡水湖”，其中的“第”可译为“rank”，也可简单译为“is”。另外两个分句可处理为状语，其中的“仅次于”可译为“after”或“next（only）to”；“鄱阳和洞庭”即“鄱阳湖和洞庭湖”，译为“Lake Poyang and Lake Dongting”，在此可省译“Lake”。

②句第一个分句为主干，第二个分句可处理为伴随状语或定语从句。句子谓语“有”强调的是“太湖中有”，译为“houses”比“has”更为精确、地道。“从……不等”译为“range fromto”。主句也可处理为“there be”句型。本句还可译为“Lake Tai has about 90 islands，whose sizes range from a few square metres to several square kilometres.”

③句较短，可用and连接两个分句。重复出现的“太湖石”提示，也可将第二个分句处理为定语从句或非谓语动词短语。整篇短文都在描述“太湖”，因此，这里可把“太湖”用the lake代替或用it指代。“以……而闻名”可译为“be famous/（well-）known/renowned for”；“太湖石”译为“Taihu stones”；“常用于”应用被动语态，译为“be often/usually used to”；“装饰”可译为“decorate”或“ornament”；“中国传统园林”译为“traditional Chinese gardens”。

④句较简单，按照汉语顺序翻译即可。“高产的”相当于“多产的”，可译为“productive”或“high-yielding”；“捕鱼业”可译为“fishing industry”“fishing”或“fishery”。

⑤句时间状语“自上世纪70年代后期以来”提示，句子应用现在完成时。需注意，“沿湖”和“周边地区”的译法不同。“捕捞”译为“harvest”；“对……极为重要”可译为“be invaluable to”“be of vital importance/significance for”或“be vitally important for...”；“对……做出贡献”译为“contribute to”；“周边地区”译为“the surrounding area”。

⑥句由两个分句构成。第一个分句可直接翻译，第二个分句可拆分翻译。将“生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶”处理为“陶瓷厂家”的定语。

完整译文

Being a freshwater lake in the eastern part of China and with an area of 2，250 square kilometres，Taihu Lake ranks the third largest freshwater lake in China，after（Lake）Poyang and（Lake）Dongting.Taihu Lake houses about 90 islands，ranging in size from a few square meters to several square kilometers.The lake is renowned for its unique“Taihu stones”，which are often used to decorate traditional Chinese gardens.It is also known for its productive fishing industry.Since the late 1970s，harvesting fish and crabs has been invaluable to people living along the lake and has contributed significantly to the economy of the surrounding area.The lake area is one of the ceramics industry bases in China，including the Yixing pottery factory，which produces the world-renowned Yixing clay teapots.

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