Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

Section A

Conversation One

1.A）Say a few words to thank the speaker.

B）Introduce the speaker to the audience.

C）Give a lecture on the history of the town.

D）Host a talk on how to give a good speech.

Q：What is the man asked to do this evening？

【解析】A）。对话中女士问男士今晚要是否为演说话者发表简短感谢致辞时男士回答说“是”。A）是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的say a few words to thank对应对话中的give a short speech of thanks for。

2.A）He was the founder of the local history society.

B）He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years.

C）He has published a book on public speaking.

D）He joined the local history society when young.

Q：What do we learn about the man？

【解析】D）。对话中男士说他二十岁出头的时候加入了本地的一个历史社团。D）是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的when young对应对话中的in my early twenties。

3.A）She was obviously better at talking than writing.

B）She had a good knowledge of the town’s history.

C）Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience.

D）Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.

Q：What does the man say about Miss Bligh？

【解析】B）。对话中男士说他去参加了一位叫布莱小姐做的演讲。她正准备用幻灯片讲解一个18世纪的小镇。她以这个题材刚刚出版了一本书，书的评价相当不错。由此可推断，既然以这个小镇题材出过书并且书的评价不错，她应该是非常了解小镇的历史，故答案为B）。

4.A）He read exactly what was written in his notes.

B）He kept forgetting what he was going to say.

C）He made an embarrassing remark.

D）He was too nervous to speak up.

Q：What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks？

【解析】C）。对话中男士说他在致感谢词时提到了布莱小姐演讲中有趣的东西，提到了精美的幻灯片，最后说“我们都要感谢布莱小姐带来的好到爆的幻灯片。”而实际上幻灯片中途坏掉了。由此可推断，男士在第一次致感谢词时说了一句令人尴尬的话。C）是对对话中信息的推断，故为答案。

W：[1]You’re going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening，aren’t you，Bill？

M：[1]Yes.

W：You don’t sound very enthusiastic.It’s not that bad，is it？

M：No，I don’t mind really，but I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.

W：Why？What happened？

M：Well，[2]I was in my early twenties.I joined a local history society.

W：Yes？

M：Anyway，[3]I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.

W：Oh，do go on.

M：[3]She was going to talk with slides about a town in the 18th century.She just published a book on the subject which was recognized to be quite good，so I went along.When I arrived，the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks.Rather stupidly，I said yes.

W：We’ve all done it.

M：Anyway，from that point on，I was scared.What should I say？I decided to make notes during the lecture，and refer to interesting parts，and thank her on behalf of the society.In fact，by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk，I was feeling much better.But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say and she spoke almost in a whisper.People at the back kept calling out“we can’t hear！”.It was embarrassing.

W：I can imagine it.

M：At least the slides were good，that is，until the bulb in the projector blew.And she had to finish the talk with no illustrations.

W：So what did you say in your speech of thanks？

M：What can you say？You have to be polite.[4]I mentioned the interesting facts，referred to the excellent slides，and then finish up by saying “we’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing us her slides.”

W：Oh，no.

M：I felt terrible.I tried to apologize not very successfully.

W：And the speech of thanks this evening？

M：I’ll write down exactly what I’m going to say，and read it carefully.

Conversation Two

5.A）What their retailers demand.

B）What their rivals are doing.

C）How they are going to beat their rivals.

D）How dramatically the market is changing.

Q：What does the woman think the man should know？

【解析】B）。对话中女士说有件事男士应该知道一下。然后接着说他们的竞争对手正在给附近某些零售商延长赊账期限。由此可知，女士认为男士应该知道他们的竞争对手在做着什么，故答案为B）。

6.A）They should be taken seriously.

B）They are rapidly catching up.

C）Their business strategy is quite effective.

D）Their potential has been underestimated.

Q：What does the woman think of Barratt’s Company？

【解析】A）。对话中女士谈到巴雷特的公司时说，虽然其规模不如他们的，但是他们也不能忽视巴雷特的公司。言外之意就是，他们应该认真对待巴雷特的公司。A）是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的should be taken seriously对应对话中的can’t afford to ignore。

7.A）She had given it to Tom.

B）It simply made her go frantic.

C）She had not seen it yet.

D）It was not much of a big concern.

Q：What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office？

【解析】C）。对话中女士谈到那封税务局来的信时说，汤姆昨天晚些时候拿到的这封信……而且还没等她拿到那封信，他（即汤姆）就走了。由此可推断，因为汤姆拿走了那封税务局来的信，所以女士还没来得及看到它。C）是对对话中信息的推断，故为答案。

8.A）Restructuring the whole company.

B）Employing more forwarding agents.

C）Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors.

D）Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.

Q：What is the man thinking of doing？

【解析】D）。对话中男士说把女士那款新摩托车卖到印度尼西亚去怎么样。言外之意是，男士在想把他们的产品（即摩托车）出口到印度尼西亚。D）是对对话中信息的同义转述，其中的exportingto Indonesia对应对话中的sell in Indonesia。

W：Another cup of tea，Paul？

M：No，thanks.Well，what’s new，Lory？

W：Nothing dramatic，but[5]there is something you should know about.

M：What’s that？

W：Well，[5]our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area.

M：Oh？Which rival’s this？We only have two.

W：[6]Barratt’s Company.

M：Oh，them.Well，they’re hardly a threat.

W：I know they’re smaller than us，[6]but we can’t afford to ignore them.

M：Yes，you’re right，Lory.But I don’t like extended credit.It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere，but I’ll look into it on Monday.

W：Yes，and there’s something else.

M：Don’t tell me.[7]The letter from the tax revenue office？

W：Right.How did you know？

M：Tara told me.What’s the problem？

W：Well，[7]Tom got this letter late yesterday and then went frantic trying to find copies of last year’s accounts.

M：Did he find them？

W：No，[7]and he was away before I could get hold of the letter.

M：How about a drive down to the office now？And we’ll see if everything’s all right.There’s another reason why I wanted a chat with you before Monday.

W：I thought as much.Well，go on，surprise me

M：[8]How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in Indonesia？

W：What？You mean export？Paul，I think you’ve been away too long.This is Jayal Motors.We’ve never sold a bike abroad.

M：Don’t worry，Lory.I’m not crazy.I’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it a go.

W：It’s not as easy as that，though，is it？We’d have to reorganize the whole company.

M：Don’t be silly.I don’t intend starting next week.We’ll have to plan it properly，and of course there’ll be a few problems.

W：A few problems！I can see hundreds！For one thing，transport.I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only 40 miles away，never mind 5，000 miles！

M：That’s what forwarding agents are for.

Section B

Passage One

9.A）It makes claims in conflict with the existing research.

B）It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition.

C）It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol.

D）It shows that“night owls”work much less efficiently.

Q：What do we learn about the report released this month？

【解析】B）。短文中提到，本月发表的一份关于睡眠和营养的报告中发现，一贯在夜里11点前睡觉的人摄入的热量更少，并且吃的健康食物更多。相反，在夜里11点到凌晨3点之间睡觉的“夜猫子”往往比早起的人摄入更多的咖啡、酒、精制糖和加工肉制品……关于更多睡眠和更好进食选择之间的关系，已经有很多文献。由此可推断，本月发表的一份报告专注于就寝时间和营养之间的联系，故答案为B）。

10.A）They pay greater attention to food choice.

B）They tend to achieve less than their peers.

C）They run a higher risk of gaining weight.

D）They stand a greater chance to fall sick.

Q：What does the study from the University of California，

Berkeley find about teens who go to bed late？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，加州大学伯克利分校2015年的一项研究发现，晚睡的青少年更有可能在5年的时间段内体重增加。C）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的run a higher risk of对应短文中的are more likely to。

11.A）Get up late.

B）Sleep 8 hours a day.

C）Exercise more.

D）Go to bed earlier.

Q：What should night owls do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，如果晚睡的人想要减轻体重，那么就可以比往常更早睡觉，从而降低睡前吃零食的可能性。D）是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

[9]A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m.took in fewer calories and ate more healthy food.In contrast，“night owls”who go to bed between 11 p.m.and 3 a.m.tend to consume more coffee，alcohol，refined sugars，and processed meats than early risers.This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness.[9] The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented.A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get as much rest.[10]And a 2015 study from the University of California，Berkeley，found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period.As a group，night-owl types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers.The later one goes to bed，the more calories one records the next day.It is yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition.There may be a third factor that impacts both of them.Or the relationship could be reversed，that is，people who eat less fall asleep earlier.Still，[11]if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds，they can go to bed earlier than they usually do，thereby，reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.

Passage Two

12.A）All of the acting nominees are white.

B）It has got too much publicity on TV.

C）It is prejudiced against foreign films.

D）Only 7%of the nominees are female.

Q：Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized？

【解析】A）。短文中提到，奥斯卡颁奖典礼一直因为提名演员都是白人而备受批评。A）是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

13.A）22 percent of movie directors were people of color.

B）Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.

C）Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters.

D）Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.

Q：What do we learn from the research？

【解析】D）。短文中提到，只有3.4%的电影导演是女性。D）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的only对应短文中的just；women对应female。

14.A）Non-white males.

B）Program creators.

C）Females of color over 40.

D）Asian speaking characters.

Q：Who are regarded as“largely invisible”on TV shows？

【解析】C）。短文中提到，当研究人员调查所有的电视节目时还发现，40岁以上的有色人种女性被认为“基本看不到”。C）是对短文中信息的同义转述，其中的females对应短文中的women。

15.A）They constitute 17%of Hollywood movie characters.

B）They are most underrepresented across TV and film.

C）They contribute little to the U.S.film industry.

D）They account for 8.5%of the U.S.population.

Q：What does the speaker say about Hispanics？

【解析】B）。短文中提到，在整个电视和电影业，非白人角色呈现过少的情况主要出现在拉丁裔身上。B）是短文中信息的再现，故为答案。

Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood，but actually an inclusion crisis.

With less than a week before[12]an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-white list of acting nominees，the study shows the film industry does worse than television.[13]Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female，and only 7 percent of films had a cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country’s diversity.[14]When researchers looked at all TV shows，they also found that women of color over 40 were regarded as“largely invisible”，and just 22 percent of TV series creators were female.Overall，the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth of them had no black characters with dialogue.The film industry still functions as a straight，White，boy’s club.

When looking at how women are depicted，the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing，and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive.

But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director，producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers.

[15]Across TV and film，the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Among more than 10，000 characters，proportions of white，black and Asian characters came close to U.S.population figures.But Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters，despite being about 17 percent of the U.S.population.

Section C

Recording One

16.A）One that can provide for emergency needs.

B）One that can pay for their medical expenses.

C）One that covers their debts and burial expenses.

D）One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.

Q：What life insurance should a single person buy according to the speaker？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，杰瑞是个单身，并且没有依赖他供养的人。或许，他唯一需要的人寿保险只要能支付债务和丧葬费用就够了。C）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

17.A）Purchase insurance for their children.

B）Save sufficient money for a rainy day.

C）Buy a home with a small down payment.

D）Add more insurance on the breadwinner.

Q：What should people do as their family increases in size？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，随着家庭规模的扩大，就必须为养家糊口的人增加保险以保护依赖别人供养的人。D）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

18.A）When their children grow up and leave home.

B）When they have saved enough for retirement.

C）When their family move to a different place.

D）When they have found better-paying jobs.

Q：When should one change their life insurance？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，随着孩子经济独立，家庭财务安全的重心也从保护转移到退休储蓄。A）是对录音中信息的推断，故为答案。

When purchasing life insurance，there are many important factors to consider.One should buy the policies that give the most protection at the least cost.Insure the right family members，and consider the family’s financial needs.It is important to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and are represented by honest，well-trained agents.At various stages in a person’s life，different kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations.[16]Jerry is single，and has no dependents.Probably the only life insurance he needs，it enough to cover his debts and burial expenses.Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years，but by buying while young，the premiums are paid in for a longer period of time.In the end，the amount you pay for premiums is about the same.A person shouldn’t buy insurance protection that really isn’t necessary.Suppose that Jerry marries Janet who is a college graduate and is working.Perhaps enough insurance would be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses.Now，Janet has quit work，and their first child is on the way.They have purchased a home with a small down payment in a thirty-year mortgage.The situation regarding life insurance takes on a different look.There are dependents who need financial protection.How much insurance is needed？[17]As a family increases in size，it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents.When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial needs，families with modest incomes have difficulty providing enough life insurance to protect the mother and the children.Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinner or breadwinners first.When considering the amountof insurance for the mother with dependent children，substitute childcare is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves.The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family.Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would be sufficient for the young child，although most people do not take out insurance on their young children.[18]As the children become financially independent of the family，the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.Every family situation is different，but it’s important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.

Recording Two

19.A）They do more harm than good.

B）They have often been ignored.

C）They do not help build friendship.

D）They may not always be negative.

Q：What does the speaker say about stereotypes？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，刻板印象可能听起来是个不好的词，但是它其实没有什么不好的。D）是对录音中信息的推断，故为答案。

20.A）Biased sources of information.

B）Ignorance of cultural differences.

C）Misinterpretation of Shakespeare.

D）Tendency to jump to conclusions.

Q：What leads to the bias of stereotypes？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，如果要让它可靠，它就必须是建立在不带偏见的样本基础上。但是我们获得的很多关于人群的信息都是来自带有偏见的来源……如果这些来源不能带给你一个准确的描述，那么你的刻板印象就不会准确。A）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

21.A）They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group.

B）They may have a negative impact on people they apply to.

C）They persist even when circumstances have changed.

D）They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.

Q：What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes？

【解析】B）。录音中提到，刻板印象的另一个问题是，无论它准确与否，都可能对其所针对的人群产生负面效果。B）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

22.A）They impact people more or less in the same way.

B）Some people are more sensitive to them than others.

C）A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results.

D）A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.

Q：What did one recent study find about stereotypes？

【解析】C）。录音中提到，最近的一项研究找到了一个聪明的方法，可以反过来利用这一点。当亚裔美国女性参加考试的时候，如果要求她们写明自己的种族，她们的表现就会超过不写种族的时候。她们想到了正面的刻板印象，这鼓舞了她们的士气。C）是对录音中信息的推断，故为答案。

[19]Stereotype may sound like a bad word，but there’s nothing bad about it.For one thing， stereotypes are often accurate.When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes，they get it pretty much right.Also，stereotypes are often positive， particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groups have reputations for being smart，for being loyal，for being brave，for all sorts of things that are not at all negative.[19]And so there’s nothing inherently wrong about stereotypes.But there are problems with stereotypes.For one thing，[20]they’re reliable in so far as they’re based on unbiased samples.But a lot of information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how they’re represented in the media.And if these sources don’t give you an accurate depiction，your stereotype won’t be accurate.For example，many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’s depiction of Shylock.If the only Jew you know is Shakespeare’s Shylock，it’s going to be a very bad impression.So，one problem with stereotypes is while we are good at drawing conclusions from them，often our information isn’t reliable.[21]A second problem is that stereotypes， regardless of whether or not they’re accurate，can have a negative effect on the people that they apply to.And this is what the psychologist，Claude Steele， described as“stereotype threat”.He has a vivid example of this.Here’s how to make African-Americans do worse on a math test.You have the test and you put on the test that they have to identify their race.The very act of acknowledging that they’re African-American when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype，which isnegative regarding academics，and that makes them do worse.Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test？Same thing，get her to write down her sex.[22]One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this.When Asian-American women are given a test and they’re asked to mark down their race，they do better than they would otherwise do.They’re reminded of a positive stereotype that boosts their morale. You ask them，on the other hand，to mark down their sex，they do worse because they’re reminded of a negative stereotype.That’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.

Recording Three

23.A）Use some over-the-counter medicine instead.

B）Quit taking the medicine immediately.

C）Take some drug to relieve the side effect.

D）Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.

Q：What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction？

【解析】B）。录音中提到，每当你遇到不良反应时，你应该立即停止服用该药。B）是对录音中信息的同义转述，其中的quit对应录音中的stop；medicine对应drug；immediately对应right away。

24.A）It may help patients fall asleep.

B）It may lead to mental problems.

C）It may cause serious harm to one’s liver.

D）It may increase the effect of certain drugs.

Q：What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking？

【解析】D）。录音中提到，酒精可能增强某一药物的效果。D）是录音中信息的再现，故为答案。

25.A）Tell their children to treat medicines with respect.

B）Keep medicines out of the reach of their children.

C）Make sure their children use quality medicines.

D）Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.

Q：What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk？

【解析】A）。录音中提到，为了降低你的孩子投入毒品文化的概率，你可以出自己的一份力，郑重对待每一种药物。A）是对录音中信息的推断，故为答案。

Sometimes when you take a common drug，you may have a side effect.That is，the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one.When these side effects occur，they are called adverse reactions.[23]Whenever you have an adverse reaction，you should stop taking the drug right away.Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction.If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious，consult your doctor for advice at once.

Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large doses.For example，aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous，but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills，as well as the possible development of Reyes syndrome in children with the flu.In adults，excessive use of some painkilling drugs may cause severe kidney damage.Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets，when taken in excess，can perhaps cause serious digestive problems.You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular，continued basis，or in large quantities，except on your doctor’s advice.You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care.

Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drugs you are taking.Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions.For example，aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease.Therefore，a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if he or she uses aspirin for a headache.Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice.Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.

[24]Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug.Sleeping pillscombine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling.When taking any drug，you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.

Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country.[25]You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect.Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.