四、数词

数词是表示数目多少或先后顺序的词。数词的用法相当于名词和形容词。这部分内容包括数词的类别、数词的用法及数词做主语时与谓语动词的一致性。

1.数词的分类

数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词，见表2-10。

表 2-10

2.数词的功能

数词在句中可做主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语，见下面例句。

1）做主语 Hundreds of people died in the earthquake.

数百人死于地震。

The little girl is happy because the first of June，Children’s Day，is coming.

这个小女孩特别高兴，因为6月1号——儿童节——就要到了。

2）做宾语 Among ten I only got two.

10个当中我只得到两个。

He finally won the second which is the best he ever got.

他终于获得第二名，这也他最好的成绩了。

3）做定语 Three graduates in our school joined the army last year.

去年我们学校有三名毕业生参军了。

The second paper must be handed in before July 23^rd.

第二篇文章必须在7月23号以前交上来。

4）做表语 He was only two when he lost his parents in war.

他在战争中失去双亲时只有两岁。

She was the first to apply for going to Haiti as a rescuer.

她是第一个报名以救援人员的身份去海地的。

5）做状语 We agree with you a hundred percent.

我们百分之百同意你。

Think first，then act.

先思考，再行动。

6）做同位语 We three want to be in the same group.

我们三个想在同一组。

Do you know what activity we will have next Friday，27^th？

你知道下周五，27号我们有什么活动吗？

3.数词在使用过程中的一些特殊情况

（1）分数的用法 分数词由基数词和序数词组成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母要用复数。

例：Three quarters of the students have passed the exam.

四分之三的学生考试及格了。

（2）百分数的用法 百分数由“基数词+percent”构成。

例：About 60 percent of the workers in this company are young people.

这个公司约60%的工人是年轻人。

（3）倍数的用法

1）倍数+as+形容词（名词）+as是……的（多少）倍。

例：He earns twice as much as he used to.

他现在挣的钱是以前的两倍。

We’ve planted four times as many trees this year as ten years ago.

今年我们种植的树是十年前的四倍。

2）倍数+比较级+than比……多（多少）倍。

例：The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.

这只母象比小象重100倍。

This street is three times shorter than that one.

这条街的长度是那条街长度的1/3。

3）倍数+名词+of是……的（多少）倍。

例：This river is three times the depth of that one.

这条河的深度是那条河的三倍。

Our school has five times the number of that school’s students.

我们学校的学生是那个学校的五倍。

4）倍数+more+名词+than比……多（多少）倍。

例：There are twice more fish in this river than that.

这条河里的鱼比那条河的多两倍。

5）by+倍数 增加多少倍。

例：The number of students going abroad has increased by three times this year.

今年出国学生的人数增加了三倍。

（4）dozen，score，hundred，thousand和million的用法 有两种情况。

1）当这些词与具体数字连用时，习惯上用单数，而且也不后接介词of。但是，当这些词后面的名词用the，these，those等词修饰时，或其后接人称代词us，them之类时，则必须用介词of。

例：He was prepared to pay two million to support the sport team.

他愿意出200万支持这个运动队。

More than a hundred people got together in the party.

有100多人参加了这个聚会。

About three hundred of them have left there.

他们当中约有300人离开了那儿。

I want a score pens.

我要20支笔。

2）当这些词不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数量时，则不仅要用复数，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。

例：Thousands of people were lying on the beach in the afternoon sunshine.

数以千计的人躺在海滩上享受着下午的阳光。

A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.

一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受了数百万英镑的损失。

I’ve read the book dozens（scores）of times.

这本书我已经读过几十次了。

注意：当这些词与a few，several，many等词连用时，若其后带介词of，则复数词尾-s可有可无；若其后不带介词of，就不能加复数词尾-s。

例：There I saw several hundred（s）of foreign guests.

在那儿我见到了数百名外宾。

或：There I saw several hundred foreign guests.

（5）数词做主语时的主谓一致 其谓语的数原则上与主语部分中的名词的数保持一致。

例：Nearly 70%of the fund was supplied by the Government.

将近70%的资金由政府提供。

About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.

那天大约有30%的学生缺席。