附录

Pages 004～005

Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the coVe where they were hoisted on a block and tackle，their liVers remoVed，their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.

分析

who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Those（指代人）；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the coVe（地点）。remoVed，cut off，skinned out和cut into为过去分词（短语），表示被动、完成的含义。

译文

那些捕到鲨鱼的渔夫已经将鲨鱼送往小海湾另一端的鲨鱼工厂了，在那儿，鲨鱼被悬吊在滑轮组上——掏出鱼肝，切掉鱼鳍，去掉鱼皮，而鱼肉则被切成条状以便用盐来腌制。

Page 006

I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiVer and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all oVer me.

分析

you throwing me into the bow和feeling the whole boat shiVer为动名词短语作remember的宾语，remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the bow（地点）；you clubbing him like chopping a tree down为动名词短语作介词of的宾语。

译文

我记得你把我朝船头猛推，那里放着湿漉漉的钓绳卷，我当时感觉到整条船都在颤动，你用棍子击打鱼的声响就像砍倒了一棵树，我全身都是甜丝丝的血腥味。

Page 007

He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility.But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride.

分析

在第一句中，too…to…意为“太……以至于不……”；when引导的宾语从句作动词wonder的宾语。在第二句中，it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride作动词knew的宾语，省略了引导词that。

译文

他过于单纯，不去想自己什么时候变得谦卑了。但他知道他已经变得谦卑了，知道这没什么丢脸的，也无损于真正的自尊。

Pages 012～013

His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun.

分析

so…that…引导结果状语从句。

译文

他的衬衣已经多次打补丁了，以至于就像那张船帆一样，这些补丁在阳光的暴晒下已经褪成了许多深浅不同的颜色。

Pages 019～020

He liVed along that coast now eVery night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the natiVe boats come riding through it.

分析

and连接并列句；riding through it为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

译文

如今，他每晚都住在那海岸边，在梦中，他能听见海浪的咆哮，能看见当地的船只穿行而过。

Page 020

He no longer dreamed of storms，nor of women，nor of great occurrences，nor of great fish，nor fights，nor contests of strength，nor of his wife.

分析

nor意为“也不”；句中的nor of…均与dream连用，dream of意为“梦见”。

译文

他不再梦见暴风雨，不再梦见妇女们，不再梦见伟大的事件，不再梦见大鱼，不再梦见搏斗，不再梦见力量的较量，也不再梦见他的妻子。

Page 024

He saw the phosphorescence of the gulf weed in the water as he rowed oVer the part of the ocean that the fishermen called the great well because there was a sudden deep of seVen hundred fathoms where all sorts of fish congregated because of the swirl the current made against the steep walls of the floor of the ocean.

分析

as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ocean；because引导原因状语从句；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词fathoms；短语because of意为“因为，由于”；the current made为定语从句（省略了引导词that），修饰先行词the swirl。

译文

当他划过那片海域时，他看见了马尾藻发出的磷光，渔民将这片海域称为“大井”，因为那儿水深突然下降了七百英寻，水流冲击在海底的峭壁上激起了旋涡，各种鱼都聚集在此。

Page 027

Each line，as thick around as a big pencil，was looped onto a green-sapped stick so that any pull or touch on the bait would make the stick dip and each line had two forty-fathom coils which could be made fast to the other spare coils so that，if it were necessary，a fish could take out oVer three hundred fathoms of line.

分析

as…as…意为“像……一样”；so that引导结果状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词coils；if引导虚拟条件句。

译文

每根钓绳都像一支大铅笔那么粗，卷在被海水浸得发绿的钓竿上，因此，鱼儿只要拉动或触碰鱼饵，钓竿就会下沉。每根钓绳都有两个四十英寻长的钓绳卷，这些钓绳卷可以固定在其他备用钓绳卷上，因此，如果有必要，鱼儿可以拉出三百多英寻长的钓绳。

Page 028

He kept them straighter than anyone did，so that at each leVel in the darkness of the stream there would be a bait waiting eXactly where he wished it to be for any fish that swam there.

分析

so that引导结果状语从句；waiting为现在分词，作后置定语，修饰a bait；where引导地点状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词fish。

译文

他让钓绳下垂得比任何其他人的钓绳更直，这样一来，在黑暗湾流的不同深处，都有鱼饵正好放在他希望放置的地方，等着游到那儿的鱼来吃。

Page 032

But the bird was almost out of sight now and nothing showed on the surface of the water but some patches of yellow，sun-bleached sargasso weed and the purple，formalized， iridescent，gelatinous bladder of a Portuguese man-of-war floating close beside the boat.

分析

nothing…but意为“除……外没有”；floating close为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

译文

但是现在那只鸟儿几乎看不到了，水面上没什么东西，只有几片被太阳晒得发白的黄色马尾藻和一只紧靠着船舷浮游的僧帽水母的凝胶状浮囊，它呈紫色，具有一定的形状，闪现出彩虹色。

Page 032

From where he swung lightly against his oars he looked down into the water and saw the tiny fish that were colored like the trailing filaments and swam between them and under the small shade the bubble made as it drifted.

分析

where引导的宾语从句作介词From的宾语；From where…作地点状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词fish；the bubble made为定语从句，修饰先行词shade，省略了引导词that；as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。

译文

他从轻轻荡桨的地方低头朝水里望去，看见了一些小鱼，它们着了一层颜色，就像拖在水中的触须，小鱼在“触须”之间以及气泡漂浮时投下的小小阴影下方游动着。

Pages 035～036

He lay in the stern in the sun，compact and bullet shaped，his big，unintelligent eyes staring as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the quick shiVering strokes of his neat，fast-moVing tail.

分析

bullet shaped意为“形状像子弹的”；staring为现在分词，其逻辑主语是eyes；as引导时间状语从句；shiVering为现在分词，修饰名词strokes；fast-moVing意为“快速移动的”。

译文

它躺在阳光下的船尾处，身体结实，外形像颗子弹，它迟钝的大眼睛直瞪着，动作利落、敏捷的尾巴抖动着，快速拍打着船板，逐渐耗尽了全身的气力。

Page 037

He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains aboVe them.

分析

第一个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词hills；as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；第二个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词clouds。

译文

此时他已经看不到海岸的绿色了，他只能看到仿佛是积雪盖顶的那些青山的顶峰，山峰上空的云层看上去就像高耸的雪山。

Pages 037～038

The myriad flecks of the plankton were annulled now by the high sun and it was only the great deep prisms in the blue water that the old man saw now with his lines going straight down into the water that was a mile deep.

分析

it was…that…为强调句，强调宾语only the great deep prisms in the blue water；going straight down为现在分词短语作伴随状语；第二个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词water。

译文

此时，太阳已经升到头顶上空，无数斑斑点点的浮游生物都看不到了，老人能看到的只是蓝色深海中的巨大夺目光柱，他将几根钓绳笔直地垂在一英里深的水中。

Page 041

He knew what a huge fish this was and he thought of him moVing away in the darkness with the tuna held crosswise in his mouth.

分析

what引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语；moVing away为动名词短语，作介词of的宾语。

译文

他知道这是一条多么巨大的鱼，他想象着它嘴里横衔着金枪鱼在黑暗中游开了。

Pages 044～045

The fish neVer changed his course nor his direction all that night as far as the man could tell from watching the stars.

分析

nor意为“也不，也没有”；as far as意为“就……而言”；tell意为“辨别，看出”。

译文

通过观察天空中的星星，老人看出那条鱼整整一夜都没有改变过它的路线和方向。

Pages 047～048

The male fish always let the female fish feed first and the hooked fish，the female，made a wild，panic-stricken，despairing fight that soon eXhausted her，and all the time the male had stayed with her，crossing the line and circling with her on the surface.

分析

hooked为过去分词，作定语修饰fish；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词fight；crossing the line and circling with her为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

译文

雄鱼总是让雌鱼先吃食物，而被钩住的雌鱼狂乱地、惊恐地、绝望地挣扎着，很快就筋疲力尽了，那条雄鱼始终待在雌鱼身边，在钓绳边穿来穿去，陪着它一起在水面打转。

Page 048

when the old man had gaffed her and clubbed her，holding the rapier bill with its sandpaper edge and clubbing her across the top of her head until her color turned to a color almost like the backing of mirrors，and then，with the boy’s aid，hoisted her aboard， the male fish had stayed by the side of the boat.

分析

when引导时间状语从句；holding the rapier bill和clubbing her为现在分词短语作伴随状语；until引导时间状语从句。

译文

老人用鱼钩将雌鱼拉上来，用棍子敲打它，握住它边缘像砂纸的剑形尖嘴，又用棍子敲打它的头顶，直至它的颜色变成了几乎像镜面一样的颜色，然后，在男孩的帮助下，老人将雌鱼拖到了船上，在此过程中，雄鱼一直都待在船边。

Page 051

He adjusted the sack and carefully worked the line so that it came across a new part of his shoulders and，holding it anchored with his shoulders，he carefully felt the pull of the fish and then felt with his hand the progress of the skiff through the water.

分析

so that引导结果状语从句；holding it anchored with his shoulders为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中anchored为过去分词。

译文

他调整了一下麻袋，小心翼翼地将钓绳挪到了肩上的另一个部位，然后用肩膀将它固定住。他小心地试了试那条鱼拉拽的力量，然后伸手感受了一下小船在水中的行进状态。

Page 053

He tried to increase the tension，but the line had been taut up to the Very edge of the breaking point since he had hooked the fish and he felt the harshness as he leaned back to pull and knew he could put no more strain on it.

分析

since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句；as意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句；he could put no more strain on it为宾语从句（省略了引导词that），作动词knew的宾语。

译文

他尽力想拉得更紧些，但自从他钓上这条鱼后，钓绳已经拉得紧绷到即将断裂的程度了，他感觉到钓绳硬邦邦的。当他往后倾身时，他知道自己无法拉得更紧了。

Page 056

shifting the weight of the line to his left shoulder and kneeling carefully he washed his hand in the ocean and held it there，submerged，for more than a minute watching the blood trail away and the steady moVement of the water against his hand as the boat moVed.

分析

shifting the weight of the line，kneeling carefully和watching the blood trail away为现在分词短语作伴随状语；as意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。

译文

他把钓绳的重量移到左肩上，小心翼翼地跪下，在海水里洗手，他让手在水中浸没了一分多钟，看着血在水中散开，而海水随着小船的移动在他手上平稳地拍打着。

Page 060

But he could see the prisms in the deep dark water and the line stretching ahead and the strange undulation of the calm.

分析

stretching ahead为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

译文

但是他可以看见漆黑海水深处的光柱、向前伸展的钓绳以及平静海面上的奇异波动。

Page 061

The clouds were building up now for the trade wind and he looked ahead and saw a flight of wild ducks etching themselVes against the sky oVer the water，then blurring，then etching again and he knew no man was eVer alone on the sea.

分析

build up意为“增强，积聚”；saw…etching…blurring…etching为see…doing sth.结构，意为“看到……正在做某事”；no man was eVer alone on the sea为宾语从句（省略了引导词that），作动词knew的宾语。

译文

此时，云层不断积聚，等待着信风。老人向前看去，发现一群野鸭飞过了水面上方，在天空的映衬下，它们的身影显得很清晰，随后模糊不清了，但之后又变得清晰了。他知道，人在海上是不会感觉孤独的。

Pages 065～066

Hail Mary full of Grace the Lord is with thee.Blessed art thou among women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb，Jesus.Holy Mary.Mother of God，pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death.Amen.

分析

这是一段祈祷辞。thee意为“你”；art thou相当于are you；thy意为“你的”。

译文

万福玛丽亚，你充满圣宠，主与你同在。你在妇女中受赞颂，你的亲子耶稣同受赞颂。天主圣母玛丽亚，求你现在和我们临终时，为我们罪人祈求天主。阿门！

Page 069

But I must haVe confidence and I must be worthy of the great DiMaggio who does all things perfectly eVen with the pain of the bone spur in his heel.

分析

who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the great DiMaggio；with the pain of the bone spur in his heel为with短语作伴随状语。

译文

但是我一定要有信心，一定要对得起那了不起的迪马乔，他即使是在脚后跟长骨刺时，也能忍痛把一切做得十全十美。

Page 071

Then the negro，after the rum，would try for a tremendous effort and once he had the old man， who was not an old man then but was santiago el Campeón，nearly three inches off balance.

分析

not…but…意为“不是……而是……”；who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the old man。

译文

黑人喝过朗姆酒后，就会使出很大的力气，有一次他把老人（他当时还不是老人，而是“冠军”圣地亚哥）的手扳下去将近三英寸。

Page 084

He did not dream of the lions but instead of a Vast school of porpoises that stretched for eight or ten miles and it was in the time of their mating and they would leap high into the air and return into the same hole they had made in the water when they leaped.

分析

not…but…意为“不是……而是……”；a Vast school of意为“一大群”；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词porpoises；they had made in the water为定语从句（省略了引导词that），修饰先行词hole；when引导时间状语从句。

译文

他没有梦见狮子，却梦见了一大群鼠海豚，它们延展开来，有八英里或十英里长。此时正是鼠海豚的交配季节，它们会高高地跃到空中，然后掉落在它们跃起时形成的水涡之中。

Page 086

The speed of the line was cutting his hands badly but he had always known this would happen and he tried to keep the cutting across the calloused parts and not let the line slip into the palm nor cut the fingers.

分析

this would happen为宾语从句（省略了引导词that），作known的宾语；let…slip into the palm为let…do sth.结构，意为“让……做某事”；nor意为“也不”。

译文

钓绳滑动很快，将老人的手勒得很疼，但他一直都知道会出现这种情况，他尽力让钓绳勒在起茧的部位，不让钓绳滑到掌心或是勒住手指。

Pages 087～088

The old man held him with his left hand and his shoulders now and stooped down and scooped up water in his right hand to get the crushed dolphin flesh off his face.

分析

to get the crushed dolphin flesh off his face为动词不定式短语作目的状语，crushed为形容词化的过去分词。

译文

此时，老人用左手和肩膀拽住了鱼，他弯下腰，用右手舀水将压碎的鲯鳅肉从脸上冲掉。

Page 093

It was a great temptation to rest in the bow and let the fish make one circle by himself without recoVering any line.

分析

It作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to rest in the bow and let the fish…；let the fish make one circle为let…do sth.结构，意为“让……做某事”；recoVering any line为动名词短语，作介词without的宾语。

译文

他极想在船头歇息一会儿，让鱼自己去打转，而不将钓绳往回收。

Page 093

But when the strain showed the fish had turned to come toward the boat，the old man rose to his feet and started the piVoting and the weaVing pulling that brought in all the line he gained.

分析

when引导时间状语从句；the fish had turned to come toward the boat为宾语从句（省略了引导词that），作动词showed的宾语；rise to one’s feet意为“站起来”；he gained为定语从句（省略了引导词that），修饰先行词the line。

译文

但是当钓绳松动，显示鱼已经向小船游过来时，老人站起来开始转动拉拽钓绳卷，将钓绳全都收回了。

Page 094

It raked back and as the fish swam just below the surface the old man could see his huge bulk and the purple stripes that banded him.

分析

as意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词stripes。

译文

船朝后倾斜着，当鱼在水下游动的时候，老人能看见它庞大的身躯和身上的紫色条纹。

Pages 102

They were wider than a man’s hand with his fingers spread and the fish’s eye looked as detached as the mirrors in a periscope or as a saint in a procession.

分析wider than意为“比……更宽的”；as detached as意为“像……一样漠然”。

译文

这些条纹比一个人展开手指的手更宽，鱼的眼睛看上去很漠然，就像潜望镜中的反射镜或是游行队伍中的圣徒像。

Pages 102～103

Then he stepped the mast and，with the stick that was his gaff and with his boom rigged，the patched sail drawn，the boat began to moVe，and half lying in the stern he sailed southwest.

分析

draw意为“张开，拉长”，draw the sail意为“张开帆”，句中的drawn为过去分词；half lying in the stern为现在分词短语作伴随状语。

译文

随后他竖起桅杆，装上当鱼钩用的棍子和帆桁，张开打补丁的帆，船开始移动，他半躺在船尾，向西南方驶去。

Page 105

Nor if the fish were in the skiff，with all dignity gone，there would be no question either.

分析

Nor意为“也不”；if引导条件状语从句；with all dignity gone为with sth. done结构，在句中作伴随状语。

译文

如果这条鱼被放在小船上，颜面尽失，那么也不会有什么问题。

Page 106

He was built as a sword fish eXcept for his huge jaws which were tight shut now as he swam fast，just under the surface with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water without waVering.

分析

which引导的定语从句修饰先行词jaws；as引导时间状语从句；with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water为with sth.doing结构，作伴随状语。

译文

它的身形和剑鱼一般，除了它现在紧闭的大嘴。当它在水面下快速游动时，它高高的背鳍像刀一样划破了水面，没有出现任何颤抖。

Page 109

“But man is not made for defeat，”he said.“A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”

分析

be made for意为“生来是……”；defeat可用作名词或动词。

译文

“不过人不是生来要给打败的，”他说。“人可能会被毁灭，但是不会被打败。”

Page 118

He knew that each of the jerking bumps of the shark had been meat torn away and that the fish now made a trail for all sharks as wide as a highway through the sea.

分析

句中的两个that均引导宾语从句，作knew的宾语。

译文

他知道，鲨鱼每次猛烈撞击时都会撕下一些鱼肉，而这条鱼此时已经给所有鲨鱼留下了一道宽似海上高速公路的痕迹。

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