Lesson 46


单词学习

名师点睛
damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/
vt.毁坏n.①[U]损害②[pl.]损害赔偿(金)
【搭配】damage the residents’homes毁坏居民的家园;have a damaging effect on...对……有不利影响;do/inflict a lot of damage to the villages 给村庄造成很大损失;one’s claims to damages某人的索赔要求
【例句】However,ploughing is blamed for causing severe damage to topsoil by removing the plants that protect soil from being blown or washed away.但是,犁地被认为会对表层土地造成严重损害,因为它移除了保护表层土地防止水土流失的植被。
spoil /spɔɪl/
vt.①损坏,破坏②宠坏vi.(食物)变质n.[pl.]战利品,赃物
【搭配】spoil holiday/environment破坏假期/环境;spoil one’s pleasure/fun扫兴;share the spoils分赃
【例句】Nip the evil in the bud.Spare the rod and spoil the child.不好的事物应该从一开始就根除。孩子不打不成器。
wreck /rek/
vt.①破坏,毁坏②造成……失事,使遇难n.[C]①破坏;失事②失事的船只等③健康极度受损的人
【搭配】wreck the marriage/plan破坏婚姻/计划
【例句】The ship was wrecked in a storm.这条船在暴风雨中失事了。
【链接】wreckage n.残骸,废墟:wreckage of dreams梦想的破灭
ruin /ˈru:ɪn/
v.①(使)毁灭,(使)毁坏②(使)破产n.①[U]毁灭②[pl.]废墟
【搭配】come to the brink of ruin走到毁灭的边缘;ruin one’s reputation诋毁名声;study the ruins of ancient Greece研究古希腊遗迹
【短语】in ruins成废墟;毁坏,毁灭
【例句】Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.只有决心毁掉下一代的民族才会拒绝下拨给公共教育可能需要的联邦基金。
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/
vt.①破坏,毁灭②消灭,杀死
【搭配】destroy the evidence毁灭证据;destroy his hopes of a picnic使他去野餐的希望破灭
【例句】Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest oor.大多数雨林土壤贫瘠是因为雨林土壤缺少矿物质,同时还因为当有机物质到达森林地面之后,在不到四年的时间里,其中大部分就会遭到高温和强降雨的破坏。
undermine /ˌʌndəˈmaɪn/
vt.①从根基处损害②逐渐削弱,暗中破坏
【搭配】cliffs undermined by the sea 底部被海水毁坏的峭壁;undermine his reputation by spreading scandalous rumours以散播诽谤性谣言来暗中损害他的名誉;undermine our system of government破坏我们的政府体制
【例句】His self-confidence has been gradually undermined by repeated failures.他的自信在屡次失败中逐渐被削弱了。


名师点睛
impair /ɪmˈpeə/
vt.损害,损伤,削弱
【搭配】impair one’s health损害健康;impair one’s efficiency降低效率;im-paired hearing受损的听力;visually impaired students视觉受损的学生;impair their driving ability significantly 严重损害他们的驾驶能力
【例句】Fatigue impaired their judge-ment.疲劳削弱了他们的判断力。
trash /træʃ/
vt.捣毁,破坏
【搭配】trash conservative捣毁保守派;trash a lot of villages破坏了很多的村庄
【例句】The earthquake trashed several buildings.地震破坏了一些建筑。
destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/
n.[U]破坏,毁灭,消灭
【搭配】cause serious destruction to the railway给铁路带来严重毁坏;bring destruction upon oneself自取灭亡
【例句】What measure has been taken in San Francisco to reduce destruction of school property?旧金山采取了什么措施来减少对学校公物的破坏?
【链接】destructive a.破坏(性)的,毁灭(性)的:destructive power破坏力
breakage /ˈbreɪkɪdʒ/
n.①[C]破碎物品②[C,U]毁坏,损坏
【例句】Wrap it up carefully to protect against breakage.把它包好,以免破损。
bruise /bru:z/
vt.①使受瘀伤②伤害n.[C]①青肿②(水果等的)伤痕
【搭配】bruise her knee她的膝盖瘀肿;bruise one’s feeling伤害某人的感情
【例句】He was covered with bruises after falling off his bicycle.他从自行车上跌下来,摔得满身青肿。
同义辨析
damage指价值、用途等降低或外表损坏,但还可以修复,如damage the residents’ homes;wreck常指船只、火车、飞机等交通工具的撞毁;impair指价值、力量的蜕化、减小,如impair one’s health/efficiency;bruise常指打得皮肤受伤,但皮肤并未破。


名师点睛
crash /kræʃ/
vi.①碰撞,坠落②破产vt.①撞击②冲n.[C]①碰撞,坠毁②破裂声,撞击声
【搭配】a crashed car撞毁的汽车;automobile crashes撞车事件;a crash of applause一阵掌声
【例句】While they were floating ona rubber boat along the shore,a water scooter crashed into them and killed them.当她们乘坐一艘橡皮艇上沿着海岸漂流时,一辆摩托艇撞到了她们,使她们死于非命。
collide /kəˈlaɪd/
vi.①碰撞,互撞②冲突,抵触
【搭配】collide with sb over the budget在预算上与某人有冲突
【例句】Their ship collided with another one.他们的船与另一条船相撞了。
bump /bʌmp/
v.(against/into)碰,撞vi.颠簸着前进n.[C]①猛撞②(碰撞造成的)肿块③隆起物
【搭配】bump against/on the table撞在桌子上;(car)bump(s)along the rough road(车)在高低不平的路面颠簸着前进
【短语】bump into偶然遇见,碰见
【例句】The room was dark and he bumped his head against the shelf.房间里一片漆黑,他的头撞到了架子上。
impact v./ɪmˈpækt/ n./ˈɪmpækt/
v.冲击,碰撞n.[U]冲击,碰撞
【搭配】impact on the earth对地球撞击;the tremendous impact of the shot 子弹的巨大冲力
【例句】It is obvious how bad movies will impact on children.不好的电影对儿童会产生什么影响是显而易见的。
jog /dʒɒg/
v.①轻轻碰撞(或推搡)②慢跑 n.[sing.]①轻轻碰撞(或推搡)②慢跑
【搭配】jog sb with one’s elbow用肘轻推某人;give him a jog to wake him up把他推醒
【短语】jog one’s memory唤起某人的回忆
【例句】You jogged my elbow and spoiled what I was drawing.你撞了我的胳膊肘,把我正在画的画弄坏了。
同义辨析
collide指强劲的、毁灭性的直接冲撞,如collide with a train;bump主要用于实物突然撞击、猛撞,如bump against/on the table;impact指两物相撞或由此产生的力量,如impact on the earth。

名师点睛

wreck /rek/
n.[C]①失事,失事船(或飞机)②精神或身体已垮的人
【搭配】save a ship from wreck营救失事船只;the wreck of all her hopes 她全部希望的破灭;turn me into a nervous wreck使我的精神崩溃
【例句】Divers have found a hoard of gold in the wreck.潜水员们在失事的船里发现了贮藏的黄金。
misfortune /mɪsˈfɔ:tʃən/
n.①[C]不幸事故,灾难,灾祸②[U]不幸,厄运,逆境
【搭配】suffer misfortune遭受灾难;companions in misfortune患难之交;have the misfortune to do sth做某事很倒霉
【例句】Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。
loss /lɒs/
n.①[U]丧失,遗失②[C]损失,损耗,亏损③[C,U]失败
【搭配】a great loss to the country国家的巨大损失;turn loss into gain扭亏为盈;stand/make up the loss承受/弥补损失
【短语】at a loss困惑,不知所措
【例句】The major reason for the decline of Asian elephants is the loss of their forests.亚洲象减少的主要原因是它们失去了森林。
sorrow /ˈsɒrə/
n.①[C]伤心事,不幸的事②[U]悲哀,悲痛
【搭配】share one’s joys and sorrows与某人同甘共苦;feel sorrow at the death of sb对某人去世感到悲痛;convert sorrow into strength化悲痛为力量
【例句】Many sorrows turned her hair white.多灾多难使她的头发变白了。
tragedy /ˈtrædʒɪdɪ/
n.①[C,U]惨事,灾难②[U]悲剧(艺术)
【搭配】end in tragedy以不幸告终;tragedies involving water scooters和摩托艇有关的悲剧;Shakespeare’s best-known tragedy莎士比亚最有名的悲剧
【例句】The tragedy is not in not knowing,but in not knowing that you don’t know.世间的悲剧不在于无知,而在于不知道自己无知。
bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/
vt.使破产,使枯竭n.[C]破产者 a.①破产的②彻底缺乏的
【搭配】bankrupt natural resources耗尽自然资源;go/become bankrupt破产;be bankrupt in ideas/reputation 缺乏主见/名誉扫地
【例句】These people are intellectual bankrupts.这些人一点知识也没有。
【链接】bankruptcy n.破产(的状况)
misery /ˈmɪzərɪ/
n.①[U]痛苦,苦恼,苦难②[C]悲惨的境遇,贫苦
【搭配】in the depth of misery陷入痛苦的深渊
【例句】Misery loves company.同病相怜。
catastrophe /kəˈtæstrəfɪ/
n.[C,U]大灾难,灾祸
【搭配】result in environmental catas-trophe导致环境灾难;be heading for catastrophe in the election会在选举中遭到惨败
【例句】The book’s heroine is a preg-nant young woman who survives the catastrophe.这本书的主人公是一位逃过了那场劫难的年轻孕妇。
【链接】catastrophic a.灾难性的,惨重的:a catastrophic loss惨重的损失
plague /pleɪg/
n.[C]①瘟疫,鼠疫②灾难vt.使痛苦(或难受),给……造成困难
【搭配】a plague of locusts蝗灾;cope with a plague of burglaries对付盗贼之灾;plague him all his life折磨他一生
【例句】Europe suffered many plagues in the Middle Ages.欧洲在中世纪屡屡遭受瘟疫。
toll /təl/
n.[C]①(事故等的)伤亡人数,损失②过路费v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟)
【搭配】take a heavy toll造成重大损失;toll a bell at a person’s death为某人之死而鸣钟
【例句】Anyone travelling across the bridge has to pay a toll.过桥的人都要付过桥费。
同义辨析
misfortune可指造成命运变化的不幸事件、事故或灾祸等,如companions in misfortune(患难之交);misery指身心承受的巨大痛苦和不幸;catastrophe指突如其来的大灾难。


名师点睛
manufacture /ˌmænjˈfæktʃə/
vt.(大量)制造,加工n.[C]①制造(业)②[pl.]产品
【搭配】manufacture the glasses制造眼镜;forbid the manufacture of sth 禁止制造某物;well-known Chinese manufactures中国驰名产品
【例句】The products are manufacturedespecially to serve the export markets. 这种产品是专为出口海外市场生产的。
create /krɪˈeɪt/
vt.创造,创作,创建
【搭配】create a new factory创办一家新工厂;create classical music创作古典音乐;create a role塑造一个角色
【例句】I ask my students to create mini-dramas.我让学生们创作迷你戏剧。
【链接】creature n.产物,创造物
invent /ɪnˈvent/
vt.①发明,创造②捏造,虚构
【搭配】invent the light bulb发明电灯泡;invent a story/an excuse捏造事实/借口
【例句】He invented one hundred reasons why he couldn’t go.他编出许多他不能去的理由。
generate /ˌdʒenəreɪt/
vt.生成,产生(光、热、电等)
【搭配】generate heat/light/gas产生热/光/气;an electricity generating station发电站;generate huge social benefits产生巨大的社会利益
【例句】Investment generates higher incomes.投资产生更高的收益。
【链接】generation n.产生,发生
yield /ji:ld/
vt.①产生,出产②让出,放弃
【搭配】yield products生产产品;yield huge dividends产生巨大的红利;yield oneself up to pleasure/comfort一味追求享乐/安逸;yield one’s power/position放弃权力/职位
【例句】There is no guarantee that plant breeders can continue to develop new,higher-yielding crops.无法保证植物培育人员能够继续开发出新的、产量更高的作物。
brew /bru:/
vt.①酿造(啤酒)②冲泡(茶、咖啡等)③图谋,策划vi.酝酿n.[C]冲泡(或酿造)的饮料
【搭配】brew beer/tea酿啤酒/泡茶;brew trouble制造麻烦;a good strong brew浓味佳酿
【例句】This wine is brewed from rice.这种酒是用米酿造出来的。
【链接】brewery n.啤酒厂
mint /mɪnt/
vt.①铸造(硬币)②创造(词、词组等)n.①[U]薄荷②[C]铸币厂
【搭配】a newly minted phrase一个新造的短语
【例句】These coins were minted in China hundreds of years ago.这些钱币是几百年前在中国铸造的。
同义辨析
manufacture一般指大规模的机器生产;generate主要用于物质方面,如generate heat/light/gas;yield指农产品的生产。

名师点睛

plan /pdæn/
vt.计划,给……定计划n.[C]①计划②示意图
【搭配】plan a budget做预算;plan one’s time安排时间;plan her spending计划她的消费
【例句】Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities.制定一个计划并一步一个脚印地加以实施,可以带来新的不同的工作机遇。
plot /plɒt/
vt.①计划②在图上标绘……的位置vi.密谋n.[C]①故事情节②密谋③小块土地
【搭配】plot assassination/rebellion密谋暗杀/叛乱;plot against sb’s life 密谋暗杀某人;plot the temperature curve绘制气温变化曲线图;a novel with a complicated plot情节复杂的小说
【例句】She spends months plotting revenge.她花了数月时间谋划复仇。
scheme /ski:m/
v.密谋,策划n.[C]①计划,方案②阴谋
【搭配】scheme against the president 策划反对总统;scheme for the col-lapse of the government图谋颠覆政府;put the scheme into effect把计划付诸实施
【例句】We are scheming out a new method of traffic control.我们正在拟订新的交通管控办法。
【链接】scheming a.狡猾的
craft /kra:ft/
vt.精工制作n.①[C]行业,手艺②[C]船,飞行器③[U]骗术
【搭配】a carefully crafted story一个精心编制的故事;craft a plan精心策划一项计划;achieve by craft and guile靠玩弄诡计和手段成功
【例句】Each doll is crafted individually by specialists.每个娃娃都是专业人员手工制作出来的。
draft /dra:ft/
vt.①起草,草拟②征募n.①[C]草稿,草图②[C]汇票③[C,U]征兵,服役
【搭配】be drafted into the army被征召入伍
【例句】I’m still drafting the first chapter.我还在草拟第一章。
schedule /ˈʃedju:l/
n.①[C,U]时刻表②[C]清单vt.排定
【搭配】lay out heavy schedules排出紧张的日程表;schedule talk show to air安排脱口秀节目播出
【短语】ahead of schedule提前;on schedule按时间表,准时
【例句】I have scheduled an appoint-ment with a client at dinner time.我和一个客户在晚饭时定了个约会。
arrange /əˈreɪndʒ/
vt.①安排,筹划②整理,布置vi.作安排,筹划
【搭配】arrange to meet sb安排会见某人;arrange accommodation安排住宿
【例句】She arranged for her children to go stay with the woman nearby after school each afternoon.她安排她的孩子们每天下午放学后与附近的妇女相伴。
【链接】arrangement n.排列;安排
lay /leɪ/
vt.①提出,主张②置放③设置④铺⑤下(蛋)
【搭配】lay foundations for an interest in science为对科学产生兴趣打下基础
【短语】lay off(the clerks)解雇(职员);lay aside把……搁置一旁;留存,储存;lay down(regulations)制定(规则);lay out摆出,展开;安排;lay over(in Beijing)(在北京)短暂停留;(accidents)lay(sb)up(事故)使(某人)卧床不起
【例句】Fishes are caught when they are on their way upstream to lay eggs. 鱼类在它们逆流而上去产卵的路上就被捕捞了。
devise /dɪˈvaɪz/
vt.发明;策划,想出
【搭配】devise a new system for handling mails设计一种新的邮件处理系统;devise an instrument to measure light wave发明仪器来测量光波;devise a practical strategy设计一种实用的策略
【例句】They devised the search engine which was better than the rest.他们设计的这一搜索引擎比其他的任何搜索引擎都出色。
【链接】deviser n.设计者,策划者
hatch /hætʃ/
vt.①筹划,图谋②孵出vi.(out)(小鸡等)出壳n.[C]①(飞机等的)舱门②(门等的)开口
【搭配】be hatched by the heat of the sun在阳光照射下孵化
【例句】They hatched up a plot to overthrow the government.他们策划了一个阴谋要推翻政府。
同义辨析
arrange含有有条理地进行安排的意思,还可表示按先后顺序进行安排或调整,如 arrange accommodation;devise暗示经过一段相当长时间的思考、试验而设计或策划出来,后常跟system/instrument/strategy等名词。

名师点睛

commence /kəˈmens/
v.开始
【搭配】commence learning English开始学英语;commence the campaign/ceremony开始活动/仪式;commence to build开工建造
【例句】Having said he would not make a long speech,he commenced to do exactly that.他刚说完自己不准备作长篇大论,就开始没完没了地讲了起来。
initiate v./ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪt/ n./ɪˈnɪʃɪɪt/
vt.①开始,创始②使初步了解,(向某人)传授③接纳(新成员)n. [C]新加入组织的人
【搭配】initiate trade with developed nations开始与发达国家进行贸易往来;initiate the academic project创建了这个学术项目;initiate pupils into the principles把规则教给学生
【例句】In November 1987 the government initiated a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.1987年11月,政府就官方体育政策的未来发展方向发起了一场公开辩论。
【链接】initiative n.主动性,首创精神;initiator n.创始人;教导者
originate /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/
vt.创造,创始,开创vi.(in/from/with)起源于,来自
【搭配】originate this type of re-search开创这种研究;originate the practice of monthly reports开创每月报告的惯例;originate from the decay of plants由植物腐烂形成;originate in misunderstanding由于误解而引起
【例句】When some people hear an echo,they think they originated the sound.有些人听到回声会认为是他们自己发出的声音。
derive /dɪˈraɪv/
vi.(from)起源,衍生vt.①取得,得到②追溯……的起源(或来由)
【搭配】derive knowledge from books 从书中获得知识;derive a conclusion from facts从事实中得出结论;(words) derive from Chinese(词)源自中文
【例句】The most powerful incentives, of course,will derive from the market itself.当然,市场本身的刺激作用是最有力的。
stem /stem/
vi.(from)起源于vt.堵住,止住,遏制n.[C]①茎,干②词干
【搭配】stem from poverty源于贫穷;stem the flow of the blood止血;stem the enemy’s attack抵抗敌人的进攻;stem cell research干细胞研究
【例句】Many of the brain’s capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell.大脑的许多能力源自组成每个大脑细胞的个体分子的模式识别能力。
launch /lɔ:ntʃ/
vt.①发动,发起(运动),推出(产品)②(in/into)使开始从事③(船)下水④发射n.[C]①发射②(船)下水③(新产品)投产
【搭配】launch mass production 开展大规模生产;launch the new perfume推出新型香水;launch the first artificial satellite发射第一颗人造卫星
【例句】The whole society is launching a campaign against fake commodities.全社会都在开展打击假冒商品的活动。
inaugurate /ɪˈnɔ:gjɪreɪt/
vt.①开始,开展②为……举行就职典礼③为……举行开幕式(落成仪式)
【搭配】inaugurate a new era开创新纪元;inaugurate a new immigration policy实施新的移民政策;inaugurate a president举行总统就职典礼;inaugurate a new bridge举行新桥落成典礼
【例句】The city inaugurated the clean-air campaign with a bicycle parade.该市以一次自行车队游行开启净化空气的运动。
同义辨析
commence指有正式程序或一定仪式的活动(如campaign/ceremony)的开始;inaugurate表示官方开始实施某事(如a new immigration policy)。


名师点睛
finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/
v.完成,完毕,结束n.[C]结束,末尾,最后阶段(或部分)
【搭配】finish cleaning the room打扫完房间
【例句】Last night when I was about tofinish my paper,a computer failurecompletely wiped out myfiles.昨天晚上当我快要写完论文的时候,一个电脑故障将我的文件彻底删除了。
accomplish /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/
vt.完成(任务),达到(目的),实现(计划、诺言等)
【搭配】accomplish one’s mission完成任务;accomplish a project完成项目;accomplish the objective达到目的
【例句】Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals,whatever they may be.心怀希望意味着你相信自己有意愿,也知道怎么实现你的目标,无论目标是什么。
fulfil(l) /fʊlˈfɪl/
vt.①履行,实现,完成②满足,使满意
【搭配】fulfil the task/order完成任务/命令;fulfil one’s promise履行诺言;fulfil one’s expectation/requirement满足期望/要求;a more fulfilling job更满意的工作
【例句】The expectation that most employed mothers would leave their jobs at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.对大部分有工作的妈妈在战争结束时放弃她们的工作的期望只是部分地实现了。
terminate /ˈtзːmɪneɪt/
v.停止,(使)终止
【搭配】terminate a pact解除条约;terminate the rule of the dictator结束独裁者的统治
【例句】If Japan terminated its relation with that country it will have to find another supplier of raw materials.如果日本终止与那个国家的关系,它就不得不寻找另外的原材料供应国。
【链接】termination n.结束,终止;末端
expire /ɪkˈspaɪ/
vi.期满,(期限)终止
【搭配】(lease)expire(s)in a year’s time(租约)一年后到期;(passport) expired three months ago(护照)已过期三个月
【例句】The car broke down two days after the guarantee had expired.那辆车在过了保修期满两天之后坏了。
conclude /kənˈklu:d/
vt.①结束②推断出③缔结vi.结束
【搭配】conclude a speech结束演说;conclude a peace treaty/sale缔结和平条约/做成生意
【例句】The meeting was concluded with the college song.会议在校歌歌声中结束了。
【链接】conclusive a.最后的;决定性的
cease /si:s/
v.停止,终止n.[C]停止,终止
【搭配】cease to have effect失效;work on without cease无休止地工作下去
【例句】Once a soldier is wounded,he and everyone who comes to his help ceases to be an enemy.一旦有士兵负伤,负伤者和任何前来救助他的人要停止交火。
同义辨析
accomplish指成功地完成某事或实现愿望;fulfil一般指完成其职责、计划或任务或履行诺言;terminate意为“终止”,常和relation,pact,rule等词搭配;expire指一段时间的终止;cease强调突然停止。

名师点睛

dip /dɪp/
vt.浸,蘸n.[C]浸,蘸
【搭配】dip a pen in the ink用钢笔蘸墨水
【短语】dip into(the magazine)①浏览(杂志)②从……中取出
【例句】She dipped her finger in the water to see if it’s hot.她把手指浸入水中,看水热不热。
drown /draʊn/
vi.①淹死,溺死②着迷vt.①使淹死②淹没
【搭配】eyes drowned in tears泪汪汪的眼睛;be drowned in fishing对钓鱼入迷了
【例句】He used to drown his sorrows in drink.他过去常常借酒浇愁。
immerse /ɪˈmзːs/
vt.①使浸没②(in)使沉浸在,使专心于,深陷于
【搭配】immerse one’s head in the water把头浸入水中;be immersed in this excitement沉迷于这种刺激活动中;be immersed in one’s work/research专心于工作/研究
【例句】His brother was immersed in debts.他弟弟负债累累。
submerge /səbˈmзːdʒ/
vt.浸没,淹没vi.潜入水中
【搭配】submerge clothes in hot water 把衣物浸于热水中;submerge her former worries忘却她先前的烦恼
【例句】Torrents of water rushed down the mountain and submerged the farmland.山洪暴发,淹没了农田。
soak /səʊk/
v.①浸泡②(使)湿透,渗透
【搭配】soak the bean in water把豆子泡在水里;a rain-soakedfield被雨水浸透的田地
【短语】soak up吸收,摄取
【例句】We were soaked to the skin by the heavy rain.我们被大雨浇透了。
steep /sti:p/
vt.浸泡,沉浸a.①陡峭的②(价格等)过高的③急剧的(上升或下降)
【搭配】steep the tea in boiling water 用开水泡茶;be steeped in liquor/vice沉湎于酒/沾染恶习;a steep hill 陡峭的山;steep rise in price价格急剧上涨
【例句】Professor Smith is steeped in surface physics.史密斯教授致力于研究表面物理学。
saturate /ˈsætʃəreɪt/
vt.①使湿透,浸透②使充满,使饱和
【搭配】be saturated with knowledge 知识渊博;be saturated with the perfume of the flowers充满花的芳香
【例句】By 1973 the American market had become saturated,at one car for every 2.25 people.美国市场在1973年即已饱和,达到每2.25人就拥有一辆汽车的水平。
swamp /swɒmp/
vt.①淹没,浸没②难倒,压倒
【搭配】swamp the boat淹没小船;be swamped by heavy debts债台高筑;be swamped with work工作忙得不可开交
【例句】Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since the depression began.成人公共教育机构已经被自经济萧条开始以来就侵袭他们的大潮淹没了。
同义辨析
dip指部分或短暂地往水或其他液体里蘸一下;immerse表示全部浸入液体中;submerge也表示全部浸入水中,但暗示降到更大的深度,而immerse不必有深度上的含义;saturate意为“浸透,使饱和”,常用于被动语态;swamp指被水浸透或充满以致下沉,如swamp the boat。