Lesson 45
单词学习
名师点睛
steal /sti:l/
vt.偷盗，窃取vi.①偷窃②悄悄地走n.[C]便宜货
【搭配】have one’s purse stolen钱包被偷；steal a glance at sb偷看某人一眼；steal into/out of the room溜进/出房间
【例句】He that first cries out“stop thief”，is often he that has stolen the treasure.贼喊抓贼。
sneak /sni:k/
vi.偷偷地走，溜vt.偷偷地做（或拿、吃）
【搭配】sneak into/out of a theatre溜进/出剧场；sneak up behind sb偷偷地跟上某人；（illness）sneak（s）up on me（疾病）悄悄缠住我
【例句】He sneaked a watch into his pocket.他偷偷地将一块表塞进口袋。
lift /lɪft/
vt.偷，剽窃n.[C]①电梯②抬，举③搭便车
【搭配】lift one’s wallet偷走某人的钱包
【例句】All the main ideas in the article are lifted from other works.这篇文章中所有的主要观点都是从其他作品中剽窃来的。
smuggle /ˈsmʌgəl/
vt.①偷运，偷带②走私，非法私运
【搭配】smuggle a gun into a prison 偷偷把枪带进监狱
【例句】He hid a hundred gold watch-es in his car and smuggled them into the country.他在汽车里藏了一百块金表并把它们走私到那个国家。
theft /θeft/
n.[C，U]偷窃，失窃
【搭配】be put in prison for theft因偷窃被关进监狱；commit a theft of state property盗窃国有财产
【例句】When she discovered the theft of her bag，she went to the police.当发现包被偷时，她报了警。
名师点睛
search /sзːtʃ/
v.搜索，寻找，探查n.[C]搜索，寻找，探查
【搭配】search for/after fame and wealth追名逐利；search a house for a hidden weapon在住宅内搜查私藏的武器
【短语】in search of（truth）寻找/寻求（真理）
【例句】He who would search pearls dives below.不潜深水不得珍珠。
seek /si:k/
vt.①寻找，追求②征求（意见），请求（帮助）③试图vi.寻找
【搭配】seek shelter from the rain找地方避雨；seek compensation要求得到赔偿；seek to make peace寻求和解；seek professional advice寻求专家的建议
【例句】Of all knowledge the wise and good seek most is to know themselves. 贤明之人求知，贵有自知之明。
quest /kwest/
vi.寻求n.[C]寻求；搜索；追求
【搭配】the quest for gold/happiness 勘探黄金；追求幸福；in one’s quest for a more meaningful work life寻求更有意义的职业生活
【例句】They went to the cave in quest of hidden treasure.他们进到山洞去寻找宝藏。
trace /treɪs/
vt.①查出，找到②追溯，探索③描摹
【搭配】trace the stolen car查找被盗的汽车；trace a rumour to its source 追查谣言的根源；trace sth back to 追溯某事到……
【例句】A group of researchers re-viewed scores of studies that traced the relationship between health and interaction with others.一组研究人员审查了大量追踪健康与人际交往关系的研究。
comb /kəm/
vt.①彻底搜查②梳理n.[C]①梳子②（鸡等的）肉冠
【搭配】comb one’s hair梳头发
【例句】The policemen and volunteers combed the forest for the lost puma from the zoo.警察和志愿者们在森林中仔细搜寻从动物园中走失的美洲狮。
名师点睛
chase /tʃeɪs/
v.&n.[C]追逐，追捕；追求
【搭配】chase the dog out of the gar-den将狗赶出花园；chase up the dead man’s sister追查死者的妹妹
【例句】He never ceased to chase after his dreams in his vigorous youth.在精力充沛的青年时代，他从未停止过追求自己的梦想。
pursue /pəˈsju:/
vt.①追赶，追踪②追求③继续，从事
【搭配】pursue enemies/robbers追踪敌人/强盗；pursue one’s studies从事研究；pursue their passion through work通过工作寻求激情
【例句】After surveying every option， a person is more acutely aware of the opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just one career.当考虑了每一个选择机会后，一个人就会强烈地意识到他们为了追求一份工作必须放弃的各种机会。
stalk /stɔ:k/
vt.悄悄地跟踪（猎物等）vi.高视阔步地走n.[C]茎，梗，柄
【搭配】（tiger）stalk（s）its prey（老虎）跟踪猎物；stalk out of the room 大步走出房间
【例句】The loneliness always stalked him.他始终无法摆脱寂寞。
同义辨析
chase有将人赶跑之义，有时也表示出于恶作剧等目的追赶、追逐；pursue在作“追逐”讲时，表示快捷快速之义。
名师点睛
grasp /gra:sp/
vt.①抓紧，抓牢②理解，领会n. [常sing.]①抓紧，抓牢②理解，领会
【搭配】grasp sb by the wrist抓紧某人的手腕；grasp at the chance to study maths抓住学数学的机会；slip out of one’s grasp摆脱某人的控制
【例句】Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or blade.灾难就像刀子，握住刀柄就可以为我们服务，拿住刀刃则会伤到自己。
arrest /əˈrest/
vt.①逮捕，扣留②停止，阻止③吸引n.[C，U]逮捕，拘留
【搭配】be arrested on a charge of... 因受……指控而被捕；be arrested for a minor offense因小过失被拘留；arrest the bleeding of blood止血
【例句】The title of the essay arrested my attention.那篇文章的题目吸引了我的注意。
capture /ˈkæptʃə/
vt.①俘虏，捕获②夺得，占领n. [U]俘获，捕获
【搭配】capture criminals/enemies抓住罪犯/敌人；capture the attention of the reader引起读者注意；capture the liberal vote赢得自由党选票
【例句】The singer captured the hearts of the audience.这位歌唱家令观众倾倒。
cling /klɪŋ/
vi.（to）①紧紧抓住（或抱住）②坚持，忠实于
【搭配】cling to the rope抓牢绳子；cling to a purpose/outdated customs 坚持目的/墨守成规；cling to the last hope抱定最后希望
【例句】She was wet through and her clothes clung to her body.她浑身湿透了，衣服都贴在了身上。
snatch /snætʃ/
vi.（at）一把抓住vt.①夺（走）②一下子拉③抓住机会做n.[C]片断
【搭配】snatch at the chance抓住机会；snatch a look at the answers扫一眼答案；overhear a snatch of conversation无意中听到一段话
【例句】I packed，then snatched two hours’sleep.我打点好行装，然后抓紧时间睡了两小时。
scratch /skrætʃ/
v.①抓，搔，扒②刮擦n.[C]①[sing.]抓②抓（划）痕
【搭配】scratch one’s head挠脑袋；scratch the skin off the potatoes削去土豆皮
【短语】from scratch从零开始，从头做起；up to scratch合格，处于良好状态
【例句】The lecturer merely scratched the surface of the subject.演讲人只抓到了该题目的皮毛。
grip /grɪp/
vt.①握紧，抓牢②吸引住……的注意力（或想象力等）n.[C]①紧握②[sing.]控制
【搭配】grip the steering-wheel hard 握紧方向盘；grip the reader/audience 吸引读者/观众；keep a firm grip on sb牢牢控制着某人
【短语】come/get to grips（认真）对付（或处理）
【例句】The pictures gripped my imagination.这些图画引起了我的想象。
grab /græb/
vt.①抓取，攫取②赶紧做③抓住（机会）n.[sing.]抓，夺
【搭配】grab sb by the arm抓住某人的手臂；grab at a straw紧抓救命稻草；make a grab at a rope抓住绳索； unfairly grab the wealth不正当地攫取财富
【例句】I missed breakfast but I managed to grab a sandwich on my way here.我没赶上吃早餐，但在来这儿的路上设法吃了个三明治。
clutch /klʌtʃ/
vi.（at）企图抓住vt.抓紧n.[C]①（汽车、机器等的）离合器②[常pl.]控制③把握，抓紧
【搭配】clutch at a life raft试图抓住救生筏；clutch the ticket in one’s hand将票紧紧抓在手里；fall into the clutches of criminal gangs落入犯罪集团的魔爪
【例句】A drowning man will clutch at a straw.快溺死的人连一根稻草也要抓。
hook /hʊk/
vt.钩住n.[C]钩，钩状物
【搭配】hook the rope over the nail把绳子套在钉子上
【短语】off the hook脱离困境；hook up（the computer）to（the network）将（计算机）与（网络）连接
【例句】My shirt got hooked on a thorn.一根刺儿钩住了我的衬衣。
paw /pɔ:/
v.用爪子抓，用蹄扒n.[C]爪
【搭配】（horse）paw（ed）the dust of the ground（马）踢起地面的尘土；paw at the bone用爪子抓骨头
【例句】The dog was pawing the door， trying to get out.狗正在用爪子抓门，想要出去。
同义辨析
grasp既可指用手握紧，也可指用脑子掌握或理解；arrest指根据法律抓捕犯人；capture强调克服一定的困难或抵抗后俘获某人或某物；cling意为“紧紧抓住”，强调缠绕、粘住；grab强调急切地取得。
名师点睛
attack /əˈtæk/
v.攻击，进攻；抨击n.①[C，U]攻击，抨击②[C]（疾病等）突然发作
【搭配】be attacked by wild animals 被野生动物攻击；make an attack on the invaders向侵略者发起进攻；have an attack of illness患病
【例句】When Beijing was under the attack of the disease SARS，people from all walks of life spared no efforts tofight against it and eventually won the war against it.当北京遭受非典袭击时，各行各业的人们不遗余力地与疾病做斗争并最终战胜了病魔。
assault /əˈsɔ:lt/
vt.（武力或口头上的）攻击，袭击n.[C，U]（武力或口头上的）攻击，袭击
【搭配】assault the enemy in the dark-ness夜袭敌军；make a surprise assault on the town对该城突然发动袭击
【例句】The minister was assaulted by a barrage of abuse from the angry strikers.部长遭到愤怒的罢工者们一通辱骂。
invade /ɪnˈveɪd/
v.侵入，侵略，侵袭
【搭配】invade one’s rights侵犯某人的权利；invade a country in full force 大举入侵某国；a mind invaded by worry and anxiety充满焦虑不安的心境
【例句】The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships.成功的神话甚至已经入侵了我们的个人关系。
conquest /ˈkɒŋkwest/
n.①[U]攻取，征服；克服②[C]征服地，掠夺物
【搭配】make the conquest of peace by arms以武力实现和平；man’s conquests over nature人类对自然的征服
【例句】The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played.钢琴家以她的演奏征服了每一位听众。
conquer /ˈkɒŋkə/
vt.①攻克，征服②破除，克服
【搭配】conquer a country征服一国；conquer bad habits克服不良习惯
【例句】You must conquer your fear of driving.你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理。
【链接】conqueror n.征服者
mob /mɒb/
vt.成群围住，聚众袭击n.[C]暴民，乌合之众
【搭配】mob the party leader成群围住党的领导人；mob the police station 围攻警局；angry mob愤怒的暴民
【例句】The children mobbed the candy man the moment he appeared. 卖糖果的人一出现，孩子们就把他围住了。
raid /reɪd/
vt.①袭击②突入查抄（搜捕）③劫掠n.[C]①袭击②突入查抄（搜捕）③劫掠
【搭配】raid a neighboring village袭击附近的一个村子；be killed in an air-raid在空袭中丧生；make a raid upon the enemy’s camp对敌营进行突袭
【例句】Customs men raided the house. 海关人员突击搜查了这所房子。
offend /əˈfend/
vt.①冒犯，伤害……的感情②违反③使厌恶
【搭配】offend sb with his behaviour他的行为冒犯了某人；offend against custom违反习惯；offend his opponents触怒他的对手
【例句】She is offended at his remarks.他的话让她很生气。
violate /'vaɪəteɪt/
vt.①违反，违背②亵渎③侵犯，妨碍
【搭配】violate the traffic regulations 违反交通规则；violate a shrine亵渎圣地；violate one’s privacy侵犯某人的隐私
【例句】These findings appear to violate the laws of physics.这些研究结果似乎有违物理定律。
insult vt./ɪnˈsʌlt/ n./ˈInsʌlt/
vt.侮辱，辱骂n.[C]侮辱，凌辱
【搭配】an insulting remark侮辱性的言语；insult the reader’s intelligence 有辱读者的智力；offer/add an insult to sb侮辱某人
【例句】Jarvis wasfired for insulting a customer.贾维斯因为侮辱顾客而遭解雇。
rape /reɪp/
vt.强奸n.[C]强奸
【搭配】rape a woman强奸一名女子
【例句】He was accused of raping his ex-girlfriend.他被指控强奸其前女友。
abuse vt./əˈbju:z/ n./əˈbju：s/
vt.①滥用，妄用②虐待，伤害③辱骂n.①[C，U]滥用，妄用②[U]虐待，伤害③[U]辱骂
【搭配】abuse authority/privileges滥用权威/特权；abuse the war prisoners虐待战俘；sexual abuse性虐待
【例句】She abused him roundly for his
neglect.他因疏忽而被她痛骂了一顿。
同义辨析
assault指突然猛烈地攻击，暗示武力的直接接触；invade强调以武力进入一个国家，通常是以强凌弱的、非正义的；conquest指征服某个国家或地区从而使之处于被支配地位。
名师点睛
crack /kræk/
v.①（使）破裂②（使）噼啪地响③打，击，撞
【搭配】crack a safe砸开保险箱；crack a whip把鞭子抽得噼啪作响
【短语】crack down（on violators）对（违法者）采取严厉的措施；crack up（精神）崩溃
【例句】He wanted to crack the rowdy over the head，but refrained.他想猛击小流氓的头，可还是忍住了。
tear v./teə/ n./tɪə/&/teə/
vt.①撕②夺走，撕掉vi.①撕②飞跑n.[C]裂口，破洞
【搭配】ordinary wear and tear日常磨损
【短语】tear at撕，扯；tear away （from the parents）勉强离开（父母）；tear down（old houses）拆除（旧房），拆掉；tear into攻击，抨击；tear up （a letter）撕毁（一封信）
【例句】She is mending a tear in her dress.她在缝补连衣裙上的破洞。
rip /rɪp/
v.扯破，撕坏
【搭配】rip the letter open把信撕开；rip the cushion cover to pieces把坐垫撕成碎片；rip away the secrecy揭开秘密
【例句】I ripped my tights on a nail. 我的裤袜被钉子划破了。
smash /smæʃ/
vt.①粉碎②狠打③使破灭n.[C] ①[sing.]破碎（声）②猛击③巨大的成功
【搭配】smash sb on the nose猛打某人的鼻子；smash the enemy’s defence摧毁敌人的防线
【例句】He got drunk and began to smash things.他喝醉了，开始砸东西。
bust /bʌst/
vt.打破，打碎vi.爆裂n.[C]①半身像②胸部（围）
【搭配】bust one’s leg打断某人的腿；bust the vending machine弄坏自动贩卖机
【例句】His face was busted open and bleeding.他的脸被打破了，还流着血。
crumble /ˈkrʌmbəl/
vt.弄碎vi.崩溃，瓦解
【搭配】crumble sth into dust把某物弄碎成粉末；（one’s hopes）crumble to nothing（希望）落空；a crumbling church倾颓的教堂
【例句】She crumbled an empty snail shell in her fingers.她用手捏碎了一个空蜗牛壳。
fracture /ˈfræktʃə/
v.（使）断裂，（使）折断n.[C，U]裂缝，折断
【搭配】fracture one’s left leg折断左腿；a fracture of the skull颅骨上的裂缝
【例句】Her leg fractured in two places. 她的腿有两处骨折。
rupture /ˈrʌptʃə/
v.（使）破裂n.[C，U]①破裂，裂开②（关系的）决裂
【搭配】a ruptured spleen脾破裂；the rupture of friendly relations友好关系的破裂
【例句】They reported that the pipeline had ruptured.他们报告说管道已经破裂了。
shatter /ˈʃætə/
vi.粉碎vt.①使粉碎，砸碎②使破灭，使震惊
【搭配】shatter the glass to pieces将玻璃杯砸得粉碎；a shattered look一副惊骇的表情
【例句】The outcome of the conflict shattered our dreams of peace and prosperity.冲突的后果使我们对和平与繁荣的梦想破灭了。
slot /slɒt/
vt.①把……放入狭长开口中②使有位置n.[C]①狭缝②位置，空位
【搭配】slot this disk in把这张磁盘放进去；a mail slot投信口；a new time slot for a TV program电视节目的新时段
【例句】The government slotted 30，000 graduates into jobs.政府为3万名大学毕业生安排了工作。
split /splɪt/
vt.①使分裂②撕裂，劈开③分担（享）vi.①分裂，分离②被撕裂，裂开n.[C]①裂口②分裂
【搭配】split into small fractions分裂成几个小派别；split logs with an axe 用斧子劈原木；split a piece of wood 劈开木头
【短语】split up断绝关系，离婚；划分
【例句】He split his pants when he squatted down.他下蹲时撕裂了裤子。
同义辨析
tear含有使劲撕开的意思，且缺口参差不齐，如tear a letter；rip指沿着一条线或接缝处撕开；crumble表示分裂、破裂成粉碎状。
名师点睛
ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/
a.惭愧的，羞耻的，害臊的
【搭配】be ashamed for having lied为撒谎感到羞愧；be ashamed of one’s foolish behaviour对愚蠢行为感到惭愧；be ashamed to ask for help耻于求人
【例句】Poverty is no shame，but being ashamed of it is.贫穷不是耻辱，因贫穷而羞愧才是耻辱。
awkward /ˈɔ:kwəd/
a.①尴尬的；棘手的②难操纵的，使用不便的
【搭配】in an awkward situation处境尴尬；feel awkward and uncomfort-able感到尴尬和不舒服；an awkward question棘手的问题
【例句】Please arrange the next meet-ing at a less awkward time.请把下次会议安排在一个不太尴尬的时间。
guilty /ˈgɪltɪ/
a.①内疚的②有罪的
【搭配】have a guilty conscience问心有愧；be guilty of murder犯了谋杀罪；be guilty of an important mis-judgement犯重大的判断错误；be guilty of doing sth觉得做某事有愧
【例句】Priests know that any time there is a death，the survivors will feel guilty.牧师们知道，无论人何时去世，生者都会感到内疚。
【链接】guilt n.①内疚，悔恨：a guilt complex内疚情结②罪行③罪责，责任
ush /flʌʃ/
vt.①使（脸等）涨红②冲洗③赶出vi.①被冲洗②（脸）发红，脸红n.[sing.]脸红a.①（with）齐平的②（尤指钱）充裕的
【搭配】flush with embarrassment窘得脸红； ush （up） to the ears 面红耳赤；feel/have a ush of excitement 感到一阵兴奋
【例句】The police flushed the cri-minals out of their lair.警察把罪犯赶出了他们的巢穴。
blush /blʌʃ/
vi.脸红n.[C]脸红
【搭配】blush for/with shame因羞愧而脸红；put sb to the blush使某人脸红
【例句】She blushed at her stupid mis-take.她因自己犯的愚蠢的错误而脸红。
同义辨析
ashamed指因为做错了事或事情做得不好而感到惭愧，只能作表语；guilty指由于过失、犯罪而该受责备和处罚，如be guilty of murder； ush指热血上涌之红或因健康、热、感情上的喜悦、得意而脸红，如be flushed with success；blush因羞愧或不知所措而脸红，如blush for/with shame。