Lesson 42

单词学习

名师点睛

cheat /tʃiat/

vt.欺骗vi.行骗，作弊n.[C]①欺骗②骗子

【搭配】be accused of cheating custom-ers被起诉欺骗顾客；cheat her into marrying him骗她嫁给他；cheat the ageing process骗过衰老的进程

【例句】They cheated the old woman of her house and money.他们骗取了老妇人的房屋和钱财。

deceive /dɪˈsiav/

vt.欺骗，蒙蔽

【搭配】deceive sb with fair words用花言巧语欺骗某人；deceive her into signing the papers骗她在文件上签字

【例句】I was deceived into thinking that he was trustworthy.我受了蒙蔽，以为他值得信赖。

betray /bɪˈtreɪ/

vt.①背叛，出卖②失信于，辜负 ③泄露（秘密等）④（非故意地）暴露，显露

【搭配】betray one’s country to the enemy投敌卖国；be betrayed into a trap被诱入陷阱；betray the people’s trust in you辜负人民对你的信任

【例句】He betrayed the news to all his friends.他把消息泄露给了自己所有的朋友。

trick /trɪk/

vt.欺诈，哄骗

【搭配】trick sb out of his money骗某人的钱；trick sb into making a confession哄骗某人招认

【例句】He was tricked at the market. 他在市场被骗了。

racket /ˈrækɪt/

n.[C]①敲诈，勒索，诈骗②生意；职业③喧嚷，吵闹④（网球等的）球拍

【搭配】gambling/drugs racket赌博/贩毒的勾当；go on a racket纵情欢闹；kick up/raise a racket引起喧哗

【例句】Police suspected him of being in on the racket.警方怀疑他参与了诈骗活动。

fraud /frɔ:d/

n.①[C，U]欺诈，诈骗②[C]骗子

【搭配】commit/expose a fraud诈骗/揭穿骗局；get a sentence for fraud由于诈骗被判刑

【例句】This laxness（马虎）towards immigration fraud may be about to change.纵容移民欺诈行为的状态可能即将得到改变。

bleed /b1i:d/

vt.勒索……的钱vi.出血，流血

【搭配】bleed sb for every penny榨干某人的钱财；（his nose）bleed（s） badly（他的鼻子）流血很多

【例句】They bled us white.他们榨干了我们的钱财。

同义辨析

cheat以不正当手段骗取或在游戏、考试中以欺骗行为占取好处；deceive指隐瞒真相以使人产生错误的印象；fraud指为某种好处而进行欺骗，常可受法律惩罚，如get a sentence for fraud。

名师点睛

trick /trɪk/

n.[C]①诡计，花招，骗术②窍门，诀窍③戏法，把戏

【搭配】expose the tricks of the enemy 揭露敌人的诡计；play/put a trick on sb对某人耍花招

【例句】Daily practise is the trick in learning a foreign language.天天练习是学习外语的诀窍。

trap /træp/

n.[C]①圈套，诡计②陷阱③困境vt.①设陷阱捕捉②使中圈套，使陷于困境

【搭配】walk/fall into a trap落入圈套；be trapped into confessing the facts受骗而招出实情

【例句】They could build devices to trap insects.他们能制造设备捕捉昆虫。

intrigue vi./ɪnˈtri:g/ n./ˈɪntri:g/

n.[C，U]阴谋，诡计；密谋vi.耍阴谋，施诡计vt.激起……的好奇心（或兴趣），迷住

【搭配】sign the contract by intrigue 因受骗而签署合同；intrigue against one’s friend设计陷害朋友；intrigue many students引起许多同学的兴趣

【例句】It is said that he is a master of intrigue.据说他是耍阴谋诡计的老手。

device /dɪˈvaɪs/

n.[C]①手段，策略②装置，设备，器械

【搭配】a useful device for studying 有用的学习策略

【短语】leave to one’s own devices 听任……自便，让……自行发展

【例句】She got the information by some device.她运用某种手段获取了情报。

strategy /ˈstrætɪdʒɪ/

n.①[U]战略，策略②[C]措施

【搭配】adopt a strategy of deflation采取通货紧缩策略；more assertive language strategies更自信的语言策略

【例句】Educational researchers have come up with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having trouble learning to read.教育研究者已经找到了针对学习阅读有困难的孩子的新颖的教学方法。

名师点睛

rob /rɒb/

vt.①（of）（非法）剥夺，使丧失②抢劫，盗窃

【搭配】rob sb of his property抢劫某人的财产；rob sb of his happiness/health使某人失去幸福/健康

【例句】Did you hear that the conven-ience store next to the gas station was robbed last night？你听说昨晚加油站旁边的便利商店遭到抢劫的事吗？

【链接】robbery n.盗窃，抢劫：ar­med robbery持械抢劫

deprive /dɪˈpraɪv/

vt.（of）剥夺，使丧失

【搭配】deprive their children of freedom剥夺他们孩子的自由；be deprived of their rights to receive education被剥夺了受教育的权利

【例句】In his last years，Henry suf-fered from a disease that slowly de-prived him of much of his sight.亨利在生命的最后几年里身染疾病，视力也因此而慢慢丧失。

strip /strɪp/

vt.①剥夺，夺走②剥去vi.脱光衣服

【搭配】strip sb of citizenship剥夺公民权；strip old wallpaper from the wall从墙上撕去旧墙纸

【例句】Thieves stripped the house of everything of value.窃贼偷走了屋里所有值钱的东西。

disable /dɪsˈeɪbəl/

vt.丧失能力，伤残

【搭配】a disabling disease致残的疾病；be disabled from voting被剥夺选举权

【例句】An accident disabled him from playing football.一次事故使他再也不能踢足球了。

【链接】disabled a.残废的：evacuate the sick and the disabled疏散所有病残人员

cripple /ˈkrɪpəl/

vt.①使跛②严重削弱n.[C]跛子，伤残人（或动物）

【搭配】cripple his right arm使他的右臂残废；befinancially crippled财政拮据；crippling health care bills压得人喘不过气的医疗费账单

【例句】The accident crippled him for life.这次事故使他终身残疾。

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/

vt.绑架，诱拐n.[C，U]绑架

【搭配】kidnap a millionaire绑架一位百万富翁；child kidnap儿童绑架事件；stranger kidnaps陌生人绑架

【例句】Police appealed for witness after a woman was kidnapped at gunpoint.一名妇女遭到持枪绑架后，警方呼吁证人挺身而出。

mug /mʌg/

vt.对……行凶抢劫n.[C]大杯

【搭配】mug sb in broad daylight光天化日之下抢劫某人；a mug of milk一大杯牛奶

【例句】While walking along a side street，Dick was mugged by two youths.迪克正沿着小巷走的时候，遭到两个青年的抢劫。

paralyse/-ze /ˈpærəlaɪɪ/

vt.①使瘫痪，使麻痹②使丧失作用③使惊愕

【搭配】be paralysed in a fall跌瘫了；be paralysed from the waist down下肢瘫痪；be paralysed with fear被吓呆了

【例句】The electricity failure paralysed the train service.停电使铁路系统陷于瘫痪状态。

sack /sæk/

vt.洗劫，劫掠n.[C]①麻袋②[the～]洗劫，劫掠

【搭配】give me a sack of potatoes给我一麻袋土豆

【例句】Nazi armies sacked Europe’s art galleries.纳粹军队把欧洲的美术馆洗劫一空。

同义辨析

rob强调以威胁、恐吓或暴力非法夺取别人或别处的财物；strip强调在外力的迫使下剥去衣服，也用于剥夺财产、权利（如citizenship）、荣誉等；sack一般用来指军队攻占某地后进行破坏和洗劫活动，如sack the whole town。

名师点睛

persuade /pəˈsweɪd/

vt.①说服，劝服②使相信

【搭配】persuade sb to give up smoking 说服某人戒烟；persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；persuade you of my sincerity使你相信我的诚意

【例句】We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project.我们想尽办法使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。

【链接】persuasion n.说服力；per-suasive a.有说服力的，令人信服的：persuasive arguments/evidence 令人信服的论点/证据

assure /əˈʃʊə/

vt.①使确信，使放心②确保，保证给

【搭配】assure her of his devotion使她确信他的爱；assure oneself of his safety确保他安然无恙；assure per-manent happiness确保永远幸福

【例句】The news assured us.这个消息让我们放心了。

convince /kənˈvɪns/

vt.使确信，使信服，说服

【搭配】convince me of his innocence 使我相信他是无辜的；convince sb by sound arguments以理服人

【例句】I’m convinced I’m the best candidate for the chairman of the student union.我坚信我是学生会主席的最佳人选。

satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/

vt.①使确信，使弄清楚②满足③符合，达到（要求、标准等）

【搭配】be satisfied that he is guilty 确信他有罪；satisfy a definition符合定义；satisfy the multiplying wants 满足不断增加的需求；be bent on satisfying the small group专心致力于满足少数人

【例句】People feel“squeezed”because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants.人们感到手头拮据是因为他们增加的收入经常不能满足他们新的需要。

argue /ˈa:gju:/

vt.①说服，劝说②提出理由证明，（坚决）主张

【搭配】be argued out of opposition 被说服不再反对；argue sb into the belief that...说服某人相信……；argue sb into lowering the price说服某人降价；argue their viewpoints enthusias-tically激烈地为他们的观点辩护

【例句】We argued her out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们说服她不要进行这种危险的旅行。

reason /ˈri:ɪən/

vi.（with）理喻，劝告vt.①推断，分析②说服n.①[C，U]原因②[U]理性

【搭配】the obvious reason明显的理由；reason sb into accepting a proposal 说服某人接受某项建议

【短语】by reason of（his youth）由于（他年轻）；within reason理智的，合理的

【例句】I tried to reason him out of his fears.我竭力说服他消除恐惧。

同义辨析

persuade指劝导相信或去做某事，并已取得了成功，常用persuade sb into doing sth；assure指通过劝导、承诺等方式向对方保证并使对方相信；convince指用议论、事实等说得他人相信，如convince sb by sound arguments。

名师点睛

doubtful /ˈdaʊtfəl/

a.①怀疑的，可疑的②难以预测的，未定的

【搭配】a doubtful character可疑的人物；be doubtful about newspaper stories怀疑报纸上的故事

【例句】He weeded out“the most doubtful measures of aggression”.他剔除了那些“颇值得怀疑的攻击性行为”。

suspicious /səˈspɪʃəs/

a.①可疑的②猜疑的，疑心的③（of）表示怀疑的

【搭配】suspicious actions/behaviour 可疑的行动/行为；a suspicious nature 多疑的性格；be suspicious of sb’s intentions怀疑某人的意图

【例句】In such circumstances no one should be too hard on people who are suspicious of con icts of interest.在这种情况下，任何人都不应该对怀疑利益冲突的人太刻薄。

【链接】suspicion n.怀疑，涉嫌

cynical /ˈsɪnɪkəl/

a.（对人性或动机）怀疑的，愤世嫉俗的

【搭配】be cynical about his motives 怀疑他的动机；develop a cynical attitude变得愤世嫉俗；a cynical remark愤世嫉俗的话

【例句】He was getting harder and cynical about life.他变得更加冷酷和愤世嫉俗。

sceptical/skep- /ˈskeptɪkəl/

a.表示怀疑的

【搭配】a skeptical person/expression多疑的人/表情；be skeptical of promises对许诺产生怀疑

【例句】Many were skeptical about this solution.许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。

controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvзːʃəl/

a.引起争论的，有争议的

【搭配】a controversial stand on human rights引起争议的人权立场

【例句】As to this controversial issue， opinions vary from individual to individual.人们对这个具有争议的话题意见并不一致。

dubious /ˈdju:bɪəs/

a.①怀疑的，无把握的②有问题的

【搭配】be dubious about the plan对计划有怀疑；a dubious match胜负难测的比赛；the dubious distinction 有问题的差异

【例句】He felt dubious as to what to do next.他对下一步该怎么走毫无把握。

名师点睛

reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

a.可靠的，可信赖的

【搭配】news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息；a reliable friend可信赖的朋友；a reliable car经久耐用的汽车

【例句】It is always advisable for businesses to look beyond the price tag and look for a more reliable business-only provider with good support.公司最好要考虑到价格以外的因素，找一家专为商业机构服务、能提供更可靠、更好的网络支持的供应商才是明智的。

credible /ˈkredɪbəl/

a.可信的，可靠的

【搭配】a credible witness/result可信的证人/结果；a barely credible excuse难以置信的借口；a credible defence policy可靠的防御政策

【例句】It is hardly credible that she has grown so tall in one year.她在一年内长这么高简直令人难以相信。

authentic /ɔ:ˈθentɪk/

a.①可靠的，可信的②真的，真正的

【搭配】an authentic signature亲笔签名；authentic anti-ageing drugs真正抗衰老的药物

【例句】What the correspondent sent us is an authentic news report.We can depend on it.记者发来的报道是真实的，我们可以相信它。

【链接】authenticity n.真实性，可靠性，确实性：authenticity of the manuscript手稿的真实性

secure /sɪˈkjʊə/

a.①安全的②牢固的③无忧虑的

【搭配】a castle secure from attack固若金汤的城堡；be secure against/from fire防火；live a secure life过着无忧无虑的生活

【例句】Our airlines still aren’t secure， and this is what happens when you’re not secure.我们的航空公司仍然不安全，这就是当你不安全时会发生的情况。

同义辨析

reliable表示可以指望某人或某物有能力或有条件去完成要做的事，如a reliable source；authentic强调符合事实或实际，如an authentic signature。

名师点睛

leave /li:v/

vt.①离开②遗留，遗忘③听任④交托vi.离去，出发n.[U]假，假期

【搭配】take（one’s）leave of告辞；leave for...起程去……

【短语】leave alone让……独自待着；不干预；leave behind遗留，留下；不带；把……撇在后面；leave off（fishing）停止（钓鱼），中断；leave out（a letter）①遗漏/省略（一个字母）②把……排除在外

【例句】Never leave children playing near water unattended.千万不能让儿童独自在水边玩耍。

depart /dɪˈpa:t/

vi.①离开，出发②（from）背离，违反

【搭配】depart on a journey出发去旅行；depart for Beijing动身前往北京；depart from the conventional style背离传统风格

【例句】The president is scheduled to arrive at 4 p.m.and depart after supper.总统定于下午四时到达，晚餐后离开。

deviate /ˈdi:vɪeɪt/

vi.（from）背离，偏离

【搭配】deviate from her regular ha­bits异于她的日常习惯

【例句】Each workday，the workers followed the same schedules and rarely deviated from this routine.这些工人每个工作日都按照同样的日程表工作，很少有变动。

detach /dɪˈtætʃ/

vt.（from）使分开，使分离，拆卸

【搭配】detach a cheque from the chequebook从支票簿上撕下支票；a coach detached from a train从火车上脱离的一节车厢

【例句】They detached their trailer and set up camp.他们卸下挂车，开始扎营。

sheer /ʃɪə/

vi.（off）急转向，偏离

【搭配】sheer off from the issue回避这个问题；sheer off/away the rock 避开岩石

【例句】The driver of the car sheered to avoid hitting the squirrel.为了避免轧着松鼠，汽车司机突然将车转向。

wander /ˈwɒndə/

vi.偏离正道

【搭配】the sheep that wandered the way走失的羊

【例句】During the storm the ship wandered from its course.船在风暴中偏离了航道。

同义辨析

depart强调计划开始一个旅程或行程；deviate指人的道德标准观念不合常规（routine）或惯例；detach主要指使固态物体分开，常用于detach sth from sth结构。