Lesson 40


单词学习

名师点睛
advantage /ədˈva:ntɪdʒ/
n.①[C]优点,有利条件②[C,U]利益,好处
【搭配】gain/get an advantage over sb胜过某人;enjoy the advantages of city life享受城市生活的便利;weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊;carry advantages for companies对公司有好处;be(not) to one’s advantage to do sth做某事对某人有利(不利)
【短语】to advantage用某种方法使优点突出;take advantage of(modern technology)利用(现代科技)
【例句】There are various advantages of attending schools abroad.出国留学有多方面的益处。
【链接】advantageous a.有利的,有益的
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/
n.①[U]益处,好处②[C,U]救济金,保险金vt.有益于vi.得益
【搭配】disability benefits残疾抚恤金;benefit by this frank talk得益于坦率的谈话;be a great benefit to the town惠及全城;benefit from the societal pressure受益于社会压力
【例句】It’s a great benefit to people to keepfit.保持健康对人们大有好处。
【链接】beneficiary n.受益者,受惠者;承受遗产者
profit /ˈprɒfɪt/
n.①[C,U]利润,收益②[U]益处 vt.有益于,有利于vi.(by/from) 受益
【搭配】defend their profits维护他们的利益;reap a profit得到利润;gain a profit from the investment从投资中获得利润;get illegal profits for oneself为自己获取非法收益
【例句】There’s no denying the fact that students can profit a lot from taking part-time jobs.毫无疑问,学生可以通过兼职受益良多。
【链接】profitable a.有利可图的;profitless a.无益的;nonprofit a.不以营利为目的的,非营利的:an independent nonprofit organisation独立的非营利机构
avail /əˈveɪl/
n.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中][U]效用,利益;帮助v.有用
【搭配】be of no avail徒劳无益,无效的;not avail against the disease对此病无效
【短语】avail oneself of(the oppor-tunity)利用(机会)
【例句】It availed nothing to cry.哭没有用。
behalf /bɪˈha:f/
n.利益;方面
【短语】on/in behalf of(sb)代表(某人)
【例句】The president can’t be here today,so I’m going to speak on his behalf.今天总裁不能前来,所以我将代表他发言。
interest /ˈɪntrɪst/
n.[常pl.]利益,好处;利害关系
【搭配】share interests and responsi-bilities分享利益与责任
【短语】in the interest(s)of(the state) 为了(国家)的利益
【例句】You may not like these sugges-tions,but it would be in your interest to follow them.你可能不喜欢这些建议,但遵照执行会对你有利。
gain /geɪn/
n.[C]①[常pl.]好处;收益,利润②增加,增进
【搭配】regardless of his personal gains or loss从不计较个人得失;have a gain of half a pound增加半磅
【例句】Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder.我们大多数的经济发展成果都流向了收入等级中最高的人了。
merit /ˈmerɪt/
n.①[U]长处;价值②[常pl.,C]功绩,成绩vt.值得,应受
【搭配】recognise one’s merit承认成绩;merit a better reward应得到更好的奖赏
【例句】All things considered,we can come to the conclusion that mobile phones have both merits and defects. 综合考虑所有的方面,我们得出的结论是:移动电话有利有弊。
asset /ˈæset/
n.[C]①[常pl.]资产,财产②有价值的人(或物),优点
【搭配】fixed/liquid assets固定/流动资产;a tremendous asset to the company公司非常宝贵的人才
【例句】Imagine waking up and find-ing the value of your assets has been halved.想象一下,你的资产价值在一夜之间缩水一半。
specialty /ˈspeʃəltɪ/
n.[C]①专业,专长②特产,名产;特色菜
【搭配】a specialty of the town该镇的特产;the specialty of the restaurant 这家餐馆的特色菜
【例句】Her specialty is ancient Greek poetry.她专攻古希腊诗歌。
同义辨析
advantage强调在竞争中比对手优秀之处,如get/gain an advantage over sb;profit多指物质的尤其是金钱的利益;avail强调所达目的的有效性与影响力,常出现在否定的习惯用语中;gain指物质方面的收益,如regardless of personal gains or loss;merit指成就或品质中值得赞扬的优点;asset指可以带来好处的或提高吸引力的人或物,如fixed/liquid assets。


名师点睛
worth /wɜːθ/
a.值……钱的,相当于……价值的,值得……的n.[U]价值
【搭配】(sth)be worth 100 dollars(某物)值100美元;show one’s true worth显露出真正的价值;the true worth of friendship友谊的真正价值
【例句】Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to.让雇主觉得值得留下高龄雇员,还得作一番说服工作。
worthy /ˈwɜːðɪ/
a.①(of)值得的,配得上的②有价值的,可尊敬的
【搭配】a performance worthy to be remembered值得怀念的演出;a worthy opponent值得重视的对手;a worthy cause有价值的事业
【例句】Your diligence is worthy of encouragement,but effort does not equal accomplishment.你的勤奋值得鼓励,但是努力并不等于成就。
worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/
a.值得(花时间或精力)的
【搭配】be worthwhile doing/to do sth值得做某事;a worthwhile charity to contribute to值得捐助的慈善机构;some worthwhile reading一些有价值的读物
【例句】It is worthwhile making an effort to keep your own teeth as long as possible.努力尽可能长时间地保护自己的牙齿是值得的。
同义辨析
worth一般用作表语,后跟表示钱数的名词或直接加主动形式的动名词来表达被动意义;worthy可作定语和表语,作定语时意为“有价值的,可尊敬的”,作表语时需加介词of然后加动名词或直接跟不定式;worthwhile可作定语或表语。


名师点睛
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/
a.①有效的②给人印象深刻的③实际的
【搭配】take effective measures采取有效措施;(bills/systems)become effective(法案/制度)生效;in effec-tive control of the parliament实际控制议会;a highly effective program一套有效的计划
【例句】The human race has one really effective weapon,and that is laughter.人类有一种真正强大的武器,那就是笑声。
valid /ˈvælɪd/
a.①有效的,具有法律效力的②有根据的,有理的
【搭配】a valid claim/marriage合理的要求/有效的婚姻;valid evidence 确凿的证据;raise valid objection to a scheme对计划提出有力的反对
【例句】They believed that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.他们认为智力测试是评价孩子能否上特殊教育班的一种有效方法。
【链接】validity n.有效性,合法性
helpful /ˈhelpfəl/
a.①有益的②给予帮助的,肯帮忙的
【搭配】a helpful criticism/person有益的批评/肯帮忙的人;be helpful to sb对某人有帮助
【例句】To some degree,net-bars are beneficial and helpful for they provide opportunities to get linked with the In-ternet.网吧在一定程度上是有益的,因为它提供了上网的机会。
useful /ˈju:sfəl/
a.有用的,有益的
【搭配】want to do something useful 想干点有益的事;useful members of society社会的栋梁之材
【例句】What you’ve learnt in the process will prove useful in your future work.你在这个过程中学到的知识将会在你未来的工作中发挥作用。
successful /səkˈsesfəl/
a.成功的,有成就的
【搭配】a successful experiment成功的实验;a successful candidate/man 当选者/功成名就的人;be successful in(doing)sth在(做)某事上成功
【例句】Today it’s as important to be “successful”in marriage or parenthood as it is to come out on top in business.如今,在婚姻和为人父母方面取得成功与在事业上出人头地一样重要。
同义辨析
effective一般表示具备某种实际能力或采取有效方法来达到某种目的;valid强调具有法律效力的、合法的,如valid marriage。


名师点睛
combine v./kəmˈbaɪn/ n./ˈkɒmbaɪn/
v.结合,联合;化合n.[C]联合企业
【搭配】combine theory with practise 理论联系实际;combine three depart-ments合并三个部门;be combined into salt化合成盐
【例句】He showed the learners how to combine the letters into simple words.他给学生展示如何用字母组成简单的单词。
co-operate /kəˈɒpəreɪt/
vi.合作,协作,配合
【搭配】co-operate to finish the work 合作完成工作
【例句】In other words,we need to co-operate with others to fulfil great tasks. 换句话说,我们需要与他人合作来完成重大任务。
【链接】co-operation n.合作,协作
collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/
vi.①合作,协作②通敌,勾结
【搭配】collaborate on the work with sb与某人合作做工作;collaborate with him in writing a play与他合写一个剧本
【例句】The two organizations col-laborated to ensure the disease was wiped out.这两个组织通力合作,以确保这种疾病被消灭。
bind /baɪnd/
vt.①使结合,使黏合②捆绑③约束④装订
【搭配】help to bind the earth有助于泥土黏固;bind sb to a pillar with a strong rope用一根结实的绳子把某人绑在柱子上;bind the nation together将整个国家的人团结在一起
【例句】Man has been bound to the planet on which he originated and developed.人类被束缚在他所起源和成长的这个星球上。
【链接】binder n.装订工;割捆机;活页夹;黏合剂
associate /əˈsəʃɪeɪt/
vt.①使联合②(在思想上)把……联系在一起vi.(with)结交
【搭配】be associated with him in business在生意上与他有来往;associate presents with Christmas由礼物联想到圣诞节;associate greenery with better health将绿色植物和更好的健康状况联系在一起;associate himself with gangsters他与歹徒为伍
【例句】In many people’s minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial.Many environmentalists still push that view.在许多人看来,节能就意味着克己。许多环保学家的观点也是这样。
【链接】association n.联合;协会
merge /mзːdʒ/
v.(使)结合,(使)合并,(使)合为一体
【搭配】merge two smaller firms兼并两家较小的公司;merge into the crowds混入人群中
【例句】We merged the private in the general good.我们把个人利益与大众利益结合起来。
【链接】merger n.[C]合并,归并:a merger between the two banks两家银行的合并
ally v./əˈlaɪ/ n./ˈæ1aɪ/
v.(使)结盟,(使)联合n.[C]①同盟国②支持者
【搭配】be allied with/to US与美国结盟;ally against sb联合起来反对某人;enter the war as an ally of France作为法国的盟国参战
【例句】England and America were allies in the Second World War.英国和美国在第二次世界大战中是盟国。
unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/
vt.①使联合,统一②使相同,使一致
【搭配】unify the opposition联合反对派;be unified into one nation统一成一个国家;agree on a unified basic price商定统一的基本价格
【例句】Spain was unified in the 16th century.西班牙是在16世纪统一的。
【链接】unification n.统一:the unification of Germany德国的统一
同义辨析
combine指为一个目的而把不同的事物结合起来;bind强调关系密切不可分离,表“捆绑”时常用bind A to B或bind A and B(together)的结构;associate强调作为一个整体,如associate himself with gangsters;merge使结合在一起成为一个整体,如merge two smallerfirms;unify指将具有同一性质和不同性质的事物组成有机的整体,如unify the opposition。

名师点睛

relate /rɪˈleɪt/
vi.①(to)有关联②适应vt.①使互相关联②讲述
【搭配】relate to agriculture land与农业用地有关;relate well with the facts 与事实很相符;relate two pieces of evidence使两个证据有关联;relate the story of his escape讲述他逃跑的经过
【例句】One’s achievement in future jobs is not necessarily related to hisacademic performance in school.一个人日后的工作成就与他在校期间的学习表现没有必然联系。
【链接】relation n.①关系,关联:in relation to the theme关于这个主题②亲属;relationship n.关系,关联
correlate /ˈkɒrɪleɪt/
vt.使相互关联vi.(to/with)相关,关联
【搭配】be correlated with one’s edu-cation与教育有关联;correlate closely with annual rainfall与年降雨量密切相关
【例句】In many cases,being over-weight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease.在多数情况下,超重与心血管疾病的高发病率相关。
【链接】correlation n.相互关系,相关性:the correlation between sb’s height and weight身高与体重之间的关系
fasten /ˈfa:sən/
vt.扎牢,系牢
【搭配】fasten these papers together把这些报纸捆在一起;fasten her eyes on the stranger始终注视着陌生人
【例句】She fastened the loose edge down with some glue.她用胶水把散边粘牢。
adjoin /əˈdʒɔɪn/
vt.贴近,与……毗连
【搭配】adjoining rooms毗连的房间
【例句】Canada adjoins the United States.加拿大与美国毗邻。
fuse /fju:z/
v.①熔合,合并②(使)因保险丝熔断而中断工作n.[C]①保险丝②导火线
【搭配】fuse copper and tin to make bronze将铜和锡熔合成青铜;fuse the pipes with solder用焊锡熔接管子
【例句】We disagreed at first but eventually our ideas fused.开始时我们的意见有分歧,但最后达成了一致。
weld /weld/
v.焊接n.[C]焊接,焊缝
【例句】It takes speed and skill to weld steel at this heat.在这样的温度下焊接钢需要速度和技术。
wedge /wedʒ/
vt.把……楔牢,塞入n.[C]楔(子)
【例句】Susan was wedged in the corner so tightly that she couldn’t move.苏珊被紧紧地挤在角落里,动都不能动。

名师点睛

anchor /ˈæŋkə/
vi.①固定,扎根②停泊vt.①抛(锚)②使固定③担任(电视节目等的)主持人n.[C]锚
【例句】We anchored the tent with pegs.我们用桩子固定帐篷。
lace /leɪs/
vt.(up)用系带束紧n.①[U]花边②[C]鞋带,系带
【例句】She put on a dress trimmed with lace.她穿了一件饰有花边的衣服。
lash /læʃ/
v.①(用绳索等)将(物品)系牢 ②鞭(抽)打③猛烈抨击n.[C]①鞭打②眼睫毛③鞭梢
【短语】lash out(at)(sb)猛烈抨击(某人);突然猛击
【例句】He lashed the horse across the back with a whip.他用鞭子抽打马背。
clamp /klæmp/
vt.(用夹具等)夹紧,夹住,固定n. [C]夹头,夹具
【短语】clamp down(on)(anti-government activities)压制(反政府活动)
【例句】They try to clamp these two blocks of wood together.他们试着把这两块木头固定在一起。
peg /peg/
vt.①用钉子钉②限定(价格、工资等)③将……看成n.[C]①小钉②桩
【短语】peg away(at sth)坚持不懈地(做某事)
【例句】Some countries suggested that the price of oil be pegged down.一些国家建议应该限定石油价格。
pin /pɪn/
vt.钉住,固定住n.[C]①大头针 ②针饰,徽章③钉子
【搭配】pin his faith on an absurdity 他信奉一个谬论
【短语】pin down(the corruption)证实(贪污);用钉钉住;使受约束
【例句】The reporter pinned the governor down on the issue of capital punishment.记者要求州长在死刑问题上明确发表看法。
strap /stræp/
vt.①用带扣住,捆扎②用绷带包扎n.[C]带,皮带
【例句】A small child should be strapped in a special car seat.应该把小孩子固定在专用汽车座椅里。
yoke /jək/
vt.结合,联结n.[C]①牛轭②[sing.]束缚,枷锁
【例句】In 1783 the American Colonies threw off the yoke of England.北美(十三个)殖民地于1783年脱离了英国的统治。
fusion /ˈfju:ʒən/
n.[U]①联合,合并②核聚变
【例句】His work is a fusion of several different styles of music.他的作品是几种不同音乐风格的融合。
同义辨析
fasten表示“系牢,拴住”,用于有形的东西,如fasten the clothes(系好衣服);fuse指使构成成分丧失原性来形成新物,如fuse copper and tin to make bronze;wedge有目的地卡住、夹住,或被夹在两人或两物中间不能动弹;anchor指用沉重、坚硬的物体压住使固定,其对象是不稳定或易受外力推动的物体。


名师点睛
connection /kəˈnekʃən/
n.①[C]连接(部分),衔接②[C,U]联系,(因果)关系③[pl.]熟人,关系(户)
【搭配】causal connection因果关系;a tunnel connection to the station通往车站的隧道;miss one’s connection未能赶上联运车;no connection between these two things这两件事之间没有联系
【短语】in connection with(the bank robbery)与(银行抢劫)有关
【例句】Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with the community.义工工作可以帮助那位男子和社团间建立联系。
junction /ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/
n.[C]联结点,(道路等的)会合点,枢纽
【搭配】a railroad junction铁路枢纽;turn right at the next junction在下个路口右拐
【例句】The power station stands at the junction of two rivers.发电站位于两条河流的汇合处。
conjunction /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/
n.①[U]接合,连接;联合②[C]连(接)词
【搭配】a subordinate conjunction从属连(接)词
【短语】in conjunction with(sb)与(某人)共同,连同
【例句】The cause of the accident is the conjunction of technical and managerial factors.这起事故是由技术因素和管理因素共同造成的。
bond /bɒnd/
n.[C]①联结,联系②公债③契约
【搭配】break one’s bonds挣脱束缚;enter into a bond with sb与某人订契约
【例句】Common interests formed a bond between us.共同的利益把我们联系在一起。
joint /dʒɔɪnt/
n.[C]①接合处②关节a.①连接的②共同的
【搭配】be rusted at the joint接合处生锈;a joint in the leg腿部的一个关节;joint efforts/property共同努力/财产
【短语】out of joint脱臼;出了问题
【例句】The old lady had an artificial hip jointfitted.那位老太太装上了一个人造髋关节。
knot /nɒt/
n.[C]①(绳等的)结②(木材上的)节疤③(航速单位)节vt.把……打成结,把……结牢
【搭配】make a knot打结;knot the shoelaces for sb替某人系鞋带;cut the Gordian knot of controversy快刀斩乱麻
【例句】Will you please tie a rope in a firm knot?请你将绳子打一个牢固的结好吗?
同义辨析
junction指公路、铁路、河流等具体事物的交汇,也指抽象事物的交汇;bond指结合两者以上人或物使成为稳定整体的精神力量,如the bond of true affection;joint常指骨头的连接处,能不同程度地活动。


名师点睛
relative /ˈrelətɪv/
a.①相对的②比较的③有关的n.[C]亲属,亲戚
【搭配】live in relative comfort过得相对比较舒适;relative to its size与其尺寸相比;a near/distant relative 近/远亲
【短语】relative to(the case)有关/涉及(这个案件)
【例句】Nothing’sfixed in this world; everything is relative.在这个世界上没有什么东西是不变的,一切都是相对的。
comparative /kəmˈpærətɪv/
a.①比较的②相对的
【搭配】the comparative form of “long”“long”的比较级形式
【例句】He is a comparative new-comer to television.在电视行业他还是个新人。
corresponding /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ/
a.①相应的,相当的②符合的,一致的
【搭配】a corresponding rise in produc-tion产量的相应增加;corresponding period of last year去年同期
【例句】All rights carry with them corresponding responsibilities.所有的权利都附带有相应的义务。
relevant /ˈrelɪvənt/
a.有关的,切题的
【搭配】be relevant to the issue与该
问题有关
【例句】I wonder if you find my experience relevant to the job.我想知道你是否觉得我的工作经历与这份工作相关。
【链接】irrelevant a.不相关的,不切题的;irrelevantly ad.不相关,不切题
adjacent /əˈdʒeɪsənt/
a.(to)邻近的,毗连的
【搭配】live on adjacent streets住在两条相邻的街上;a park adjacent to the castle与城堡毗连的公园
【例句】The council offices are adjacent to the library.市政办公室就在图书馆旁边。
同义辨析
relative指一物受他物影响而产生的依赖关系;relevant指可追溯的、有意义的逻辑关系,如relevant to the issue。