1.41 Lesson 38
Lesson 38

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单词学习

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名师点睛

vacant /ˈveɪkənt/

a.①未被占用的②(职位、工作等)空缺的③(神情等)茫然的,(心灵)空虚的

【搭配】on a vacant lot在一块空地上;apply for a vacant position/post申请空缺的职位;a vacant expression on one’s face某人脸上一副茫然的表情

【例句】A vacant apartment in New York City is very difflcult toflnd.在纽约市内很难找到一处空的公寓。

【链接】vacancy n.①空缺,空职;空额:a casual/temporary vacancy临时空缺②空房③无兴趣,无主意

vain /veɪ/

a.①徒劳的,无效的,不成功的②自负的,爱虚荣的

【搭配】vain promises/threats空洞的许诺/威胁

【短语】in vain徒然,白费力

【例句】They made vain attempts to reach the mountaintop.他们几次尝试想爬到山顶,但都没有成功。

void /vɔɪd/

a.①没有的,缺乏的②无效的

【搭配】a void contract无效的合同;a landscape void of all beauty并不秀美的风景

【例句】It’s not like him to put for-ward suggestions wholly void of sense! 他才不会提出那样毫无见识的建议呢!

blank /blæŋk/

a.①空白的,空着的②茫然的,无表情的

【搭配】a blank form for sb to fill in 某人要填写的空白表格;(sb’s head)go(es)blank(某人头脑)一片空白

【例句】Your blank expression and the faraway look in your eyes are the cues that betray your inattentiveness.你茫然的面部表情和恍惚的目光就是线索,暴露了你走神了。

hollow /ˈhɒlə/

a.①(中)空的②(声音)沉闷的③虚伪的

【搭配】hollow cheeks凹陷的两颊;

a hollow boom of thunder低沉的隆隆雷声

【例句】Many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow.工业国家的许多人感觉到其富足的世界似乎有点空虚。

同义辨析

vacant较为正式,指临时的或短时间的空缺,如a vacant lot(空地);vain意为“徒劳的”,指没有任何结果和价值,牢记短语in vain(徒然,白费力);void为书面语,表示不合乎法律规定从而是无效的,如a void contract(无效的合同);hollow指的是内部有洞、有空隙的“中空”,与“实心的”相对。

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名师点睛

bare /beə/

a.①赤裸的②光秃的③勉强的vt.露出

【搭配】lay bare one’s ambition充分暴露野心;bare hills光秃秃的山;a bare income仅够糊口的收入;bare one’s heart/feeling袒露衷情/真情

【例句】The little room was almost bare of furniture.这个小房间几乎没有什么家具。

barren /ˈbærən/

a.①(土地等)贫瘠的②不结果实的③无益的

【搭配】barren regions不毛之地;the remote and barren land穷乡僻壤;a barren argument无用的争论

【例句】She is barren of creative spirit. 她缺乏创造精神。

naked /ˈneɪkɪd/

a.①赤身的,裸露的②赤裸裸的,无遮蔽的

【搭配】be naked to the waist赤裸上身;the naked eye肉眼;act of naked aggression赤裸裸的侵略行为

【例句】He was lying on the bed,com-pletely naked.他躺在床上,一丝不挂。

bald /bɔ:ld/

a.①秃(头)的②(织物、轮胎等)磨光的③不加掩饰的,简单的

【搭配】a bald old man秃顶的老头;bald eagles秃鹰;a bald spot on the lawn草坪上光秃秃的一块;a bald falsehood赤裸裸的谎言

【例句】He gave a bald statement of the facts.他对事实作了直截了当的陈述。

同义辨析

bare意为“裸露的”,表示无遮掩的、能被他人看见的,如a bare hill;barren尤指土地土质差而无法生长作物,如barren regions;naked指没有通常的遮盖物,不戴眼镜、不用望远镜等工具就能看到的;bald作“光秃的”讲时,表示“无天然遮盖物的”,尤指部分或全部秃顶的,熟记a bald man(秃顶的男人)。

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名师点睛

alone /əˈləʊn/

a.①单独的,孤独的②独一无二的 ad.单独地,孤独地

【搭配】live alone独自生活;be alone in that opinion有独到的见解

【短语】leave(sb)alone不打扰/不惊动(某人);let alone(sb/sth)①不打扰/不惊动(某人)②更别提(某人/某物)

【例句】It was scary being all alone in a strange city.孤身一人在陌生的城市真令人害怕。

lonely /ˈləʊnlɪ/

a.①孤独的,寂寞的②荒凉的,人迹稀少的

【搭配】feel intolerably lonely感到难以忍受的寂寞;a lonely man孤独寂寞的男子;a lonely village荒凉的村落

【例句】One who can’t gain friendship will be lonely all his life.得不到友谊的人将是终身的孤独者。

solo /ˈsəʊləʊ/

a.单独的ad.单独地n.[C]独奏(曲),独舞

【搭配】a piano solo钢琴独奏曲;make one’s first solo flight做第一次单飞

【例句】Lacking a pianist,I had to sing solo.没有钢琴伴奏,我只好独自歌唱。

solitary /ˈsɒlɪtərɪ/

a.①孤独的,隐居的②单个的③单独的

【搭配】a solitary life独居的生活;solitary conflnement/imprisonment单独拘禁

【例句】He formed the habit of taking long solitary walks through the streets. 他养成了在街头长时间独自漫步的习惯。

同义辨析

alone表示只有一个人;solitary表示主动选择而非被迫的孤独,如solitary life(独居生活)。

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名师点睛

gratitude /ˈgrætɪtju:d/

n.[U]感激,感谢

【搭配】feel gratitude to sb for sth因某事感激某人;do sth out of/from/with gratitude出于感激而做某事

【例句】My gratitude is beyond my power of expression.我的感激之情非语言所能表达。

acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/

vt.对……表示谢忱,报偿

【搭配】acknowledge a favour答谢所受到的关照

【例句】The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.候选人挥手对大家的欢呼表示感谢。

appreciate /əˈpri:ʃɪeɪt/

vt.为……表示感激

【搭配】appreciate one’s kindness多谢厚意

【例句】I appreciate your concern,but honestly,I’m fine.谢谢你关心,说真的,我很好。

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名师点睛

fancy /ˈfænsɪ/

vt.想要,喜欢n.[C]爱好,迷恋

【搭配】fancy meeting sb’s girlfriend 想结识某人的女朋友;catch/take sb’s fancy合某人的心意

【短语】take a fancy to(sth/sb)喜欢(某物)/爱上(某人)

【例句】I don’t fancy going all that way in such bad weather.我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里一直这么走着。

appreciate /əˈpri:ʃɪeɪt/

vt.重视,赏识,欣赏vi.增值

【搭配】appreciate their freedom重视他们的自由;appreciate working with him喜欢与他共事;appreciate good wine喜爱好酒

【例句】You can’t really appreciate for-eign literature in translation.读外国文学的译本是无法真正欣赏原著的。

prefer /prɪˈfɜː/

vt.更喜欢,宁愿

【搭配】prefer coffee to tea喜欢喝咖啡胜过喝茶;prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说;prefer to die rather than surrender宁死不屈

【例句】In my opinion,I prefer to solve the problem offlnancing my own college education by myself rather than turn to my parents for money.在我看来,我宁可自己解决上大学的费用,也不向父母要钱。

attach /əˈtætʃ/

vt.①使依恋,使喜爱②认为有(重要性、责任等)

【搭配】be attached to my family对我的家恋恋不舍;attach no signiflcance to the threat不重视这种威胁

【例句】Our government attaches great importance to moral education, considering it is an essential part of children’s education.我们的政府非常重视道德教育,认为它是儿童教育的必要组成部分。

relish /ˈrelɪʃ/

vt.享受n.①[sing.,U](美食等的)享受,滋味,乐趣②[C,U]调味品

【搭配】relish the sea wind享受海风;relish getting up before dawn喜欢黎明前起床;have no relish for tragedy不喜欢看悲剧

【例句】We did not relish the prospect of staying after school.放学后可能还得留下,我们便觉得不是滋味。

同义辨析

fancy表示某物达到了理想中的样子而喜爱,如fancy meeting sbs girlfriend;appreciate指具有一定的理解力和鉴赏力,能看出某物的价值和优点;prefer指“偏爱,更喜欢”,常用prefer A to B“喜欢A胜过喜欢B”。

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名师点睛

breed /bri:d/

vt.①养育,培育②饲养,繁殖③酿成vi.繁殖,产仔

【搭配】breed a wild plant培育野生植物;a breeding place for diseases 疾病的滋生地;breed misery and ruin带来苦难和破坏

【例句】To Galbraith,materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. 在加尔布雷斯看来,物质主义已经泛滥并会衍生出不满情绪。

tame /teɪm/

vt.①驯化,驯服②制服,控制并利用

【搭配】tame the nature征服大自然;tame a wild horse驯服一匹野马;an expert in taming animals驯兽专家

【例句】Harsh punishment in child-hood had tamed him and broken his will.童年时代所受的严厉惩罚使他变得唯唯诺诺,缺乏意志。

cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

vt.①耕作,栽培,养殖②培养,陶冶,发展

【搭配】cultivate corn/wheat种植谷物/小麦;cultivate a love of art培养对艺术的爱好;cultivate a new gen-eration培育新一代

【例句】It’s high time that we took ef-fective measures to improve our living conditions and cultivate good living hab-its.我们现在应该采取有效措施来改善生活环境并养成良好的生活习惯。

【链接】cultivation n.耕作,耕种:land that is under cultivation用以耕种的土地

foster /ˈfɒstə/

vt.①收养,养育②培养,促进a.收养(孩子)的

【搭配】foster hopes for success抱成功的希望;foster one’s interest in music培养对音乐的兴趣

【例句】Life on campus may be con-fusing,however,it enables us not only to learn a lot from books but also to foster a lot of abilities.校园生活或许使人迷惑,但是,它不仅让我们从课本上学到很多知识,还培养了我们很多能力。

nourish /ˈnʌrɪʃ/

vt.①养育,喂(滋)养②怀有(希望等),增强(希望等)

【搭配】nourish a hope满怀希望;nourish an infant with milk用牛奶喂婴儿

【例句】She had nourished the dream of becoming a movie star.她曾怀有成为电影明星的梦想。

nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə/

vt.养育,培育,滋养n.[U]养育,培育,滋养

【搭配】nurture a student’s talent培养学生的才能;delicately nurtured child娇生惯养的孩子;nurture great minds培养伟大的人物

【例句】She nurtured the child as if he had been her own.她把那孩子当作自己的孩子来养育。

rear /rɪə/

vt.抚养;饲养;种植n.[sing.]①后部,尾部②后方

【搭配】rear the children抚养孩子;rear animals/plants饲养动物/种植植物;shattered rear window粉碎的后窗

【短语】bring up the rear处在最后的位置,殿后

【例句】The front of the car was dam-aged and we had to get out by the rear door.汽车前部受损,我们只得从后门出来。

reproduce /ˌri:prəˈdju:s/

v.繁殖,生殖

【搭配】reproduce offspring繁衍子孙;reproduce by laying eggs靠产卵繁殖

【例句】Children targeted by their parents to reproduce could obtain non-biased information about the insan-ity of having their own kids.被父母逼着要孩子的子女能够获得公正的信息,知道自己要孩子的想法是愚蠢的。

同义辨析

cultivate指培育动植物;foster指短期的不承担家长法律责任的领养;nourish指给人提供食物和水等以使其存活。

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名师点睛

occur /əˈkɜː/

vi.①发生,出现,存在②(to)被想起,被想到

【搭配】accidents/earthquakes occur发生(事故/地震);(mistakes)occur in your composition你的作文出现(错误)

【例句】The highest rates of un-employment occur in the inner urban areas.最高的失业率出现在都市里的内城区。

coincide /ˌkəɪnˈsaɪd/

vi.同时发生

【搭配】(theflre)coincide(s)with the earthquake(火灾)与地震同时发生;coincide with his holiday与他的假期在同一时间

【例句】The Queen’s visit has been planned to coincide with the school’s 200th anniversary.女王的访问正好安排在学校200周年校庆的时候。

burst /bɜːst/

vi.①突然发作,突然发生②爆炸,爆裂vt.使爆裂

【搭配】be almost bursting with laugh-ter差点儿笑破肚子

【短语】burst in on突然出现(或到来);burst into闯入;突然……起来;burst out大声喊叫,突然……起来

【例句】The aircraft crashed and burst into ames.飞机坠毁起火。

erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/

vi.①(战争、危机、问题等)爆发,突然发生②(火山、喷泉等)喷发,(岩浆等)喷出

【搭配】the crisis/war erupts危机/战争爆发;volcano erupts frequently火山频繁喷发

【例句】Violence erupted after the football match.足球赛后发生了暴力事件。

recur /rɪˈkɜː/

vi.再发生,重现

【搭配】recur to the subject later on稍后再谈这个问题;(sb)recur(s)fre-quently in one’s conversation谈话中经常提到(某人)

【例句】Old memories constantly re-curred to him.过去的回忆经常浮现在他的脑海里。

ensue /ɪnˈsju:/

vi.接着发生,接踵而来;因而产生

【搭配】the ensuing year接下来的一年;(the illness)ensue(s)from malnu-trition营养不良引起(疾病)

【例句】After the heavy rain,floods ensued.大雨之后,洪水接踵而来。

同义辨析

occur暗示出某事需要注意或考虑;coincide(with)强调不同事件发生的时间一致。

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名师点睛

incident /ˈɪnsɪdənt/

n.[C]①发生的事②事件,事变

【搭配】investigate the incident调查此事件;bring about a series of border incidents发生一系列边界事件;simulate the frequent incidents of collision模拟频发的碰撞事故

【例句】He resolved never to tell any-one about the incident.他决定绝不跟任何人谈这件事。

【链接】incidence n.发生率

event /ɪˈvent/

n.[C]①事件,大事②比赛项目

【搭配】owe success to a series of for-tunate events将成功归因于一系列幸运的事件;hold an outdoor event举行户外比赛

【短语】in the event that/of万一,倘若;at all events/in any event不管怎样,无论如何;in the event结果,到头来

【例句】The Internet is available for students to get to know both domestic and foreign events.学生们能够通过互联网了解国内外大事。

case /keɪs/

n.[C]①案件②事例

【短语】a case in point恰当的事例,例证;in any case无论如何,不管怎样;in case假使,以防(万一);in case of假如;防备;in no case无论如何不,决不

【例句】In many cases,your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.在很多情况下,是你的信念把你带到今天所处的地位的。

emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ/

n.[C,U]紧急情况;不测事件;非常时刻

【搭配】an emergency treatment急诊;deal with some kind of emergency处理某种突发事件;emergency response plans紧急应对计划

【例句】You discuss problems as they arise and you help each other in an emergency.在出现问题时,你们进行讨论;在出现紧急情况时,你们互相帮助。

urgency /ˈɜːdʒənsɪ/

n.[sing.,U]紧迫,急迫,紧要

【搭配】a problem of great urgency非常紧急的问题;the urgency of the call for help紧急电话求援;plead with urgency急迫地请求

【例句】There was an urgency in his speech which made me listen more carefully than usual.他演说中的紧迫语调使我比平常更仔细地去倾听。

burst /bɜːst/

n.[C]①爆炸,爆裂②爆发,突发

【搭配】a burst of gunflre一阵炮火;a sudden burst of anger/laughter突然暴怒/大笑

【例句】A burst of hand-clapping fol-lowed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。

episode /ˈepɪsəd/

n.[C]①(一连串事件中的)一个事件②(剧本、小说等中的)插曲,片段,连续剧的一集

【搭配】the rest episodes of this TV play这部电视剧剩下的几集;consist of 26 episodes由26集构成;another weird episode in the town镇里出现过的另一奇怪事件

【例句】Being named the best athlete of the year was an important episode in his life.被提名为当年最佳运动员是他一生中的重要事件。

occurrence /əˈkʌrəns/

n.①[C]事件②[U]发生,出现

【搭配】be of frequent/rare occur-rences频发/少有的事件;predict the occurrence of an earthquake预告将发生地震

【例句】This sort of incident is an everyday occurrence.这类事件是平常事。

同义辨析

incident一般指小事件、动乱事件或事变,常与investigate/bring about搭配;event指时政和历史中的重大事件、日常生活和工作中的重要之事和破例之事,牢记与其相关的短语。