Lesson 36


单词学习

名师点睛
express /ɪkˈspres/
vt.表示,表达n.①[C]特快②[U]快递
【搭配】express the view发表观点;express support for Obama表达对奥巴马的支持;shamelessly express selflshness无耻地表现自私;express one’s idea/sentiment表达想法/情感
【例句】Etzioni expressed his frustra-tion about the interests of his graduate students.伊兹欧尼表示他对自己的研究生的兴趣感到很失望。
【链接】expression n.①措辞②表情③表示:employ strong linguistic ex-pressions使用强硬的语言表达
convey /kənˈveɪ/
vt.表达,传达,传递
【搭配】convey one’s feelings in words 用语言表达感情;convey information/messages to sb把消息/信息传递给某人
【例句】What message does the speak-er wish to convey?说话者想要传递什么信息?
articulate v./a:ˈtɪkjuleɪt/ a./a:rˈtɪkju1eɪt/
vt.①明确有力地表达②清晰地发(音)a.①善于表达的②表达得清楚有力的
【搭配】articulate your words carefully 清晰地吐字;articulate one’s strong opposition明确表示坚决反对
【例句】Articulate speech is essential for a teacher.对教师来说,口齿清楚是最基本的要求。
formulate /ˈfɔ:mjʊleɪt/
vt.①系统地(或确切地)阐述②构想出(计划、方法等),规划
【搭配】formulate one’s ideas系统地阐述观点;formulate a plan of attack 制定进攻计划
【例句】He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他注意清楚地做出系统的回答。
vent /vent/
vt.表达,发泄n.[C]①通风口,排放口②(衣服底部的)开衩
【搭配】vent one’s anger on sb向某人发泄怒气
【短语】give vent to(hatred/one’s affec-tion)表达(憎恨),发泄(情感)
【例句】He gave vent to his anger by kicking the chair.他踢椅子发泄怒气。
depict /dɪˈpɪkt/
vt.描绘,描述
【搭配】depict the real life描绘现实生活;depict the horrors of war描述战争的恐怖
【例句】The book depicts him as a rather unpleasant character.这本书把他刻画成一个极令人讨厌的人物。
couch /kaʊtʃ/
vt.表达n.[C]①长沙发②(病人受检查时躺的)长榻
【搭配】couch their protests表达他们的抗议;retire to one’s couch上床就寝
【例句】His refusal was couched in rather unfriendly terms.他的拒绝是用极不友好的措辞表达出来的。
narrate /nəˈreɪt/
v.①描写,描述②讲故事
【搭配】narrate the process of an ex-periment描述实验过程
【例句】The sailor narrated the story of his life to me in the bar.那位水手在酒吧里向我讲述了他的故事。
portray /pɔ:ˈtreɪ/
vt.①描绘,描写②扮演,饰演
【搭配】portray him as a hero将他描写成一个英雄;portray a historical scene 描绘一个历史场面;portray a charac-ter in a play在剧中扮演一个角色
【例句】The writer portrayed life in a camp very vividly.作者非常生动地描绘了营地里的生活。
同义辨析
vent指因无法控制自己而导致感情上的外露或表现,记住搭配vent one’s anger on sb;depict指生动地描写、描述,如depict the real life/the horrors of war;narrate指具有文学描写特点的叙述。

名师点睛

infer /ɪnˈfɜː/
vt.推论,推断
【搭配】infer a motive from an effect从效果推知动机;infer a conclusion from the facts根据事实推断结论
【例句】What can be inferred of the woman from the conversation?从对话中可以推断出这位女士的哪些信息?
deduce /dɪˈdju:s/
vt.推论,推断,演绎
【用法】From...we can deduce that... [从句谓语常用must have done形式]从……中可以推断出……
【搭配】deduce the fact that...推出……事实
【例句】The police deduced that the murder had been committed by a woman.警方推断这宗谋杀案是一个女人所为。
elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/
vt.诱出,探出
【搭配】elicit an opinion from a person 探问某人的意见;elicit the truth about the incident探出事件的真相;elicit assistance from others得到别人帮助
【例句】Their appeal for funds didn’t elicit much of a response.他们要求提供资金的呼吁没有引起多少响应。
draw /drɔ:/
vt.①推断出,作出②接近
【搭配】draw unpleasant conclusions 得出不满的结论
【短语】draw up(a contract)①起草(合同),拟定②(使)停住;draw on o(ne’s money)①动用(钱),利用②吸,抽(烟);draw in①(天)渐黑,(白昼)渐短②(汽车或火车)到站
【例句】The era of free online journa-lism is drawing to a close.免费的网上期刊服务将告一段落。
conclude /kənˈklu:d/
vt.①推断出,推论出②结束③缔结,议定
【搭配】conclude...from the facts由事实推断出……;conclude the meeting/speech结束会议/演讲;conclude a peace treaty缔结和平条约
【例句】To conclude,the advantages of developing tourism far outweigh its disadvantages.总之,发展旅游业的好处远远多于坏处。
summarise/-ize /ˈsʌməraɪz/
vt.概括,总结
【搭配】summarise the argument/dis-cussion总结论点/讨论
【例句】She summarised the aims of the new party in a couple of sentences. 她用几句话概括了新政党的目标。
generalise/-ize /ˈdʒenrəlaɪz/
v.推断;概括,归纳
【搭配】generalise a conclusion from a set of facts从一系列事实中归纳出结论
【例句】It is difficult to generalize about the kind of people who come on this course.很难笼统地说参加这些课程的都是什么类型的人。
同义辨析
infer指通过分析推断出结论,常用infer sth from sth的结构;deduce指根据充分证据进行逻辑推理而推出;elicit常与from连用,表示得到某种答案或情报,如elicit the truth/opinion;draw是指从已知事实推出未知结论。

名师点睛

logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/
a.①逻辑(上)的,符合逻辑的②合乎常理的
【搭配】a logical consequence逻辑结论;a logical argument/conclusion合乎逻辑的论点/结论
【例句】It’s logical that people who earn more money should pay higher taxes.挣钱多的人应该交纳更多的税,这是合情合理的。
rational /ˈræʃnəl/
a.①合理的②理性的,理智的
【搭配】a rational explanation/sugges-tion合理的解释/建议;behave in a rational way按理智的方式行事
【例句】Man was deflned as a rational being,as a social animal,an animal that can make tools,or a symbol-making animal.人被定义为理性的、社会性的、会制造工具的或会创造符号的动物。
【链接】irrational a.不合逻辑的,没有道理的:an irrational fear无端的恐惧
reasonable /ˈri:znəbl/
a.①合理的②通情达理的③公道的
【搭配】be reasonable in sb’s demands 合情合理的要求;a reasonable boss 通情达理的老板;a reasonable com-promise合理的折中
【例句】On the basis of the Five Prin-ciples of Peaceful Coexistence,there can be reasonable dialogues between any two governments.以和平共处五项原则为基础,任何两国政府间都可以进行合理的对话。
coherent /kəˈhɪərənt/
a.①条理清楚的,连贯的②一致的,协调的
【搭配】a coherent essay条理分明的论文;a coherent argument前后一致的论点
【例句】No single intellectually coherent vision dominates US educational practice in maths or science.在美国的数学或科学的教学中,没有任何统一连贯的知识观念。
cognitive /ˈkɒgnɪtɪv/
a.认知的,认识能力的
【搭配】cognitive psychology认知心理学;cognitive development认知水平的发展
【例句】Green space has cognitive benefits for children with attention-deflcit disorder.绿色空间能给患有多动症的孩子带来认知能力发展方面的益处。
plausible /ˈplɔ:zɪbl/
a.似有道理的,似乎正确的,貌似可信的
【搭配】a plausible story貌似可信的故事;a plausible excuse/pretext看似有理的借口/托词
【例句】All that is plausible—and mostly wrong.所有这些听起来似乎有些道理——但其实不然。
同义辨析
rational强调有理性的思考,和emotional相对;plausible强调可能表面看起来可信,但仔细观察就会使人觉得不那么可信。


名师点睛
hint /hɪnt/
v.暗示n.[C]①暗示,示意②[常pl.]建议
【搭配】hint at one’s intention to go abroad暗示有出国的打算;drop/give a hint to sb暗示/示意某人
【例句】The manager hinted to him that he was dissatisfled with his work.经理向他暗示自己对他的工作不满意。
imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/
vt.暗示,含有……的意思
【搭配】imply consent暗示同意;im-ply duties意味着责任;imply com-parison between...暗含在……间的比较
【例句】These findings do not imply that urbanisation makes little or no difference.这些发现并不意味着都市化会产生很小的或完全不存在的差异。
intimate v./ˈɪntɪmət/ a./ˈɪntəmɪt/
vt.暗示,提示a.亲密的
【搭配】intimate one’s approval of a plan暗示同意某项计划;intimate his intention to resign暗示他要辞职
【例句】He intimated a wish to go by saying that it was late.他说时间不早了,以此来暗示他想走了。
cue /kju:/
vt.暗示,提示n.[C]①暗示,信号②提示③榜样
【搭配】cue the drummers to begin暗示鼓手们敲起来
【短语】on cue恰好在这时候;take one’s cue(from sb)按照(某人的)样子去做
【例句】Many speakers are sensitive to facial cues and can tell if you’re merely pretending to listen.许多正在讲话的人对面部的信号很敏感,他们可以识别你是否在假听。


名师点睛
advise /ədˈvaɪz/
vt.①建议②向……提供意见③通知,告知
【搭配】advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事;advise sb of the danger向某人警告有危险;advise against signing the contract建议不要签这份合同
【例句】She advised many statesmen on international affairs.她就国际问题给许多政治家提出了建议。
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/
vt.①建议,劝告②使受欢迎
【用法】recommend that...[从句谓语用(should+)动词原形]建议……
【搭配】recommend sb to accept the plan建议某人采纳计划;recom-mend going by airplane建议乘飞机
【例句】It has a great deal to recom-mend this idea,since it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth. 因为这可能解决地球人口过剩的问题,所以应极力推荐该想法。
propose /prəˈpəz/
v.①提议,建议,提出②求婚
【用法】propose that...[从句谓语用
(should+)动词原形]建议……
【搭配】propose a change in the law提议修改法律;propose to set off immediately建议马上动身;propose measures to hold back natural disasters提议采取措施抵御自然灾害
【例句】I propose delaying our deci-sion until the next meeting.本人提议推迟到下次会议再做出决定。
counsel /ˈkaʊnsl/
vt.劝告,提议n.①[U]忠告,劝告②[C]律师,法律顾问
【搭配】counsel instant action提议立即行动;counsel sb on how to behave 劝告某人如何表现
【短语】keep one’s own counsel将自己的意见(或计划)保密
【例句】She counselled them not to accept his explanation.她建议他们不要相信他的解释。
tip /tɪp/
n.[C]①忠告,建议,提示②小费vt. ①使倾斜②倒(入)③给……小费
【搭配】give some good tips on/about sth就某事给予好的建议
【短语】tip off(the police)(向警方)告密,事先给警告(或暗示)
【例句】Take my tip and keep well away from that place.听我的劝告,离那个地方远远的。

名师点睛

judge /dʒʌdʒ/
vt.①断定,判断,认为②裁决③审判n.[C]①法官,审判员②鉴定人
【搭配】judge a book by its cover根据封面评价一本书(以貌取人);judge between right and wrong明断是非
【例句】People everywhere judge risky situations this way,that is,by comparing the risks and the benefits.各地的人这样对险情做出决断,那就是对比风险和收益。
【链接】judiciary n.审判人员;司法部,司法系统:an independent judi-ciary独立的司法机构
evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt/
vt.评估,评价
【搭配】evaluate sb’s ability评估某人的能力;evaluate the importance/in uence 评价重要性/影响;evaluate college as an investment把上大学看作投资
【例句】It is important to point out that students also need to have a deep understanding of their own culture be-fore they can begin to observe,analyse and evaluate other cultures.需要指出的重要一点就是,学生们在能够开始观察、分析和评价其他文化之前,同样需要对自己国家的文化有深入的了解。
estimate vi./ˈestɪmət/ n./ˈestɪmɪt/
vt.估计,估量n.[C]①估计②评价
【搭配】estimate his intellect highly高估他的智力;make/form a rough estimate of...作……的粗略估计;by some estimates据估计
【例句】The government estimates that more than seven million people hold a second job.据政府部门估计,超过700万的人在做兼职。
【链接】estimation n.估计,评价
assess /əˈses/
vt.①评价,评论②对……进行估价
【搭配】assess a house at 200 dollars 估计房屋价值为200美元;assess the importance of the decision评价决议的重要性
【例句】Miller developed a 7-step pro-cess to help potential job seekers as-sess their current situation and beliefs. 米勒发明了七步骤法来帮助那些潜在的求职者评估他们目前的处境及观念。
appraise /əˈpreɪz/
vt.评价,评估
【搭配】appraise a situation对情况作出估计;appraise a student’s work评定学生的作业;an appraising glance估量的眼光
【例句】It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised.买房时不事先评估是不明智的。
appraisal /əˈpreɪzl/
n.[C,U]估计,估量,评价
【搭配】detailed appraisal of a project对项目的详细评估;give/make an appraisal of one’s behaviour对某人的行为做出评价
【例句】What’s your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何估计的?
gauge /geɪdʒ/
vt.①估计,判断②计量n.[C]测量仪表
【搭配】gauge sb’s conduct判定某人的品行;gauge the temperature测量温度
【例句】I’ve long understood that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.我早就明白,职业是人们用来评估我聪明才智的标准。
同义辨析
evaluate表“评价”时常与ability/influence连用;estimate表示的“估计”或“估价”时只是猜测;assess的原意是对某商品(如house)进行估价,也表示估计出某物(如statement/decision)的价值;appraisal表示专业水准的评估,如appraisal of a project/one’s behaviour。