1.38 Lesson 35
Lesson 35

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单词学习

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名师点睛

clarify /ˈklærɪfaɪ/

vt.澄清,阐明

【搭配】clarify confusion/misunders-tanding澄清混淆/误解;clarify one’s stand on the issue澄清对该问题的立场

【例句】When will the government clarify its position on equal pay for women?政府何时会阐明它对男女同工同酬的立场呢?

【链接】clariflcation n.澄清,被澄清

ascertain /ˌæsəˈteɪn/

vt.查明,弄清,确定

【搭配】ascertain the usual customs 了解风俗习惯;ascertain the exact nature of sth弄清某事的本质;ascer-tain the truth查明真相

【例句】The police are trying to ascer-tain what really happened.警方正着力调查事情发生的真相。

interpret /ɪnˈtɜːprɪt/

vt.解释,说明,诠释vi.口译,翻译

【搭配】interpret dreams解梦;inter-pret the silence as consent把沉默看作是同意;interpret for foreign visi-tors给外宾当翻译

【例句】Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for ef-fective decision making suggested by the executives.施文克根据行政人员提出的能做出有效决定的标准来解释这些结果。

render /ˈrendə/

vt.翻译

【搭配】render a play into English把一个剧本译成英语

【例句】This sentence cannot be literal-ly rendered.这个句子不能直译。

同义辨析

clarify意为“澄清,阐明”,常跟stand/confusion/issue等名词;ascertain指通过了解、实验、研究等确切地发现某事物(如nature/truth);interpret指通过进行对比、翻译等阐明极难理解的事物。

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名师点睛

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approve /ˈpu:ːv/

vt.①赞成,同意②批准,核准vi.(of)赞成,称许

【搭配】approve his conduct赞成他的行为;approve the company’s ac-counts核准公司账目

【例句】Probably the most incredible as-pect of this proposed space tour was that NASA approved of it.可能对这一建议性的星际旅行最难以置信的地方就是美国国家航空航天局批准 了它。

endorse /ɪˈɔ:ːs/

vt.①赞同,支持②(在广告中)宣传,吹嘘③在(尤指支票)的背面签字④在(驾驶执照上)记录违章事项

【搭配】endorse the products吹嘘产品;endorse sb’s licence for dange-rous driving在某人驾驶执照上记录危险驾驶

【例句】I am afraid I can’t endorse your opinion of the government’s re-cord.很抱歉,你对政府功过的看法本人不敢苟同。

consent /kəˈsent/

vi.(to)准许,同意;赞成n.[U]准许,同意,赞成

【搭配】without his parents’consent 没有征得他父母同意;consent to her marriage to Tom同意她嫁给汤姆

【短语】by common consent经一致同意

【例句】The town council gave its consent to the plan for a new swim-ming pool.市政委员会批准了修建新游泳池的计划。

permit v./pˈmɪt/

n./ɜːmɪtt/

v.①允许,许可②(使)有可能n. [C]许可证,执照

【搭配】permit the sale of alcohol允许销售酒;permit sb to explain the reasons允许某人解释原因;obtain a permit获得许可证

【例句】He also used a small printer that permitted him to write notes about his patients in the hospital.他还有一台小的打印机,用来记录下医院里他的病人的情况。

【链接】permissive a.许可的;per-mission n.允许,许可,准许

admit /əˈmɪt/

vt.承认,供认vi.承认

【搭配】admit stealing the money承认偷了钱;admit one’s crime to the police向警方自首;admit sb to be dead确认某人已死亡

【例句】A fuel leak is now admitted to have been the cause of the trouble.现在燃料泄漏被确认是造成这次灾难的原因。

【链接】admittance n.进入权,进入:gain admittance to the hall获准进入大厅;admittedly ad.诚然,无可否认

acknowledge /ekˈnɒlɪdʒ/

vt.①承认(……的权威)②确认

【搭配】an acknowledged expert公认的专家;acknowledge the truth of his statement承认他说的是事实;(sb) be acknowledged as...(某人)被认为是……

【例句】The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger,acknowledged that the move is a gamble.《纽约时报》的发行人阿瑟·苏兹贝格承认这一举措是在孤注一掷。

【链接】acknowledgment n.①承认,确认:universal acknowledgment普遍承认②感谢

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名师点睛

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confess /kənˈfes/

v.①承认②坦白,供认

【搭配】confess to having stolen the money承认偷了钱;confess to a crime坦白罪行;confess his crime 坦白他的罪行

【例句】A fault confessed is half re-dressed.知错能改,善莫大焉。

【链接】confession n.供认,招认

profess /prəˈfes/

vt.①表示,承认②宣称信仰

【搭配】profess a great interest in music表现出对音乐的极大兴趣;profess oneself satisfled with the terms 表示对条件满意

【例句】The president has professed his enthusiasm for the scheme.总统表示对该项计划非常感兴趣。

concede /kənˈsi:d/

vt.①(不情愿地)承认,承认……为真②(在结果确定前)承认失败

【搭配】be conceded to be the best edition承认是最好的版本;concede one’s defeat承认自己的失败

【例句】I concede that particular point, but I still think you’re wrong.我承认是那么回事,可我还是认为你错了。

favo(u)r /ˈfeɪvə/

vt.①赞同,喜爱②有利于n.①[U]好感,喜爱②[U]赞同③[C]恩惠

【搭配】favour sb’s plan/negotiation 赞同某人的计划/谈判

【短语】in favour of(his proposal)赞同(他的提议)

【例句】Considering that there are so many advantages of studying abroad,I am in favour of going abroad studying. 考虑到出国留学的这么多好处,我赞成到国外去学习。

adopt /əˈdɒpt/

vt.①采取,采纳,采用②收养③正式通过,批准

【搭配】adopt one’s suggestion采纳建议;adopt more rigorous inspection systems采用更加严密的检查系统;adopt a child/pet收养孩子/宠物

【例句】In order to deal with the pro-blem of pollution effectively,practical measures should be adopted.为了有效地处理污染问题,应该采取一些实际措施。

regret /rɪˈgret/

v.懊悔,遗憾,抱歉n.[C,U]懊悔,遗憾,抱歉

【搭配】regret to inform sb遗憾地通知某人;regret informing sb后悔通知了某人

【例句】Much to my regret,I was un-able toflnish the work on time.很遗憾我没能按时完成工作。

【链接】regrettably ad.遗憾地

同义辨析

confess主要指承认自己的过失、罪行或坦白自己的秘密,用于confess to sth/doing sth结构;concede通常指在强大证据面前勉强承认,如concede one’s defeat/mistake;favour常指赞同计划(plan)、谈判(negotiation)等;adopt指采纳接受建议(suggestion)等。

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名师点睛

gear /gɪə/

vt.使适应,使适合n.①[C,U]齿轮,(排)档②[U]设备,衣服

【搭配】gear products to the demand 使产品适应需求;be geared to war-time requirements适应战时的需要

【短语】gear up(the steel industry) ①促进(钢铁工业)②(使)准备好,(使)作好安排

【例句】Learn to shift gear at the right moment while driving.开车时要学会在适当的时候换挡。

accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/

vt.①(使)适应,顺应②为……提供住宿③为……提供场地④考虑到⑤给……帮助

【搭配】accommodate myself to your plans我同意你的计划;accommo-date oneself to new conditions使适应新环境

【例句】It was the need to accom-modate employees with young chil-dren that motivated accountancy firm Wright Vigar to begin promoting tel-eworking recently.最近,正是雇员们要照顾他们年幼的孩子的需求促使赖特·瓦伊格会计师事务所开始实行电子办公。

【链接】accommodation n.①[pl.]住宿:offer simple accommodations at best最多提供简单的食宿②(提供住宿的)房间③调节

accustom /əˈkʌstəm/

vt.(to)使……习惯于……

【搭配】accustom oneself to cold wea-ther习惯于寒冷天气

【例句】As they were accustomed to poverty,they were willing to work for very low wages.由于他们习惯穷困,所以他们乐意为了很低的报酬而工作。

【链接】accustomed a.适应了的;惯常的

tailor /ˈteɪlə/

vt.①使适应(特定需要)②裁剪,缝制n.[C]裁缝

【搭配】tailor for a special purpose适应特殊目的;tailor a dress缝制一件衣服

【例句】The politicians demand of scientists that they tailor their research toeconomic needs.政客们要求科学家使其研究适应于“经济的需求”。

orient v./ˈɔ:nɪent/ n./ˈɔ:rɪənt/

vt.①使适应,使熟悉情况(或环境等)②(to/towards)使朝向(目标)n. [the O~]东方,亚洲(尤指远东),东半球

【搭配】orient products to the needs 使产品适应需求;orient the fresh-man to campus life使新生适应大学生活

【例句】Physical education doesn’t get the emphasis it deserves in our exam-oriented education system.体育在我们以应对考试为目的的教育体系中并没有得到足够重视。

同义辨析

accommodate指承认外部状况而使自己或某物相适应,如accommodate oneself to the new conditions(适应新环境);accustom强调因不断地运用或体验而变得熟悉,常用accustom sb/sth to sth结构。

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名师点睛

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instruct /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

vt.①教育,指导②指示,命令;通知

【搭配】instruct a class in history给一个班上历史课;instruct sb to work overtime命令某人加班

【例句】I am instructed to inform you that the minister is not willing to make a statement.我奉命通知你们,部长不想发表声明。

enlighten /ɪnˈlaɪtn/

vt.启发,开导

【搭配】enlighten sb on a subject就某问题开导某人;an enlightening experience有启迪作用的经历

【例句】Peter thought the world was at until I enlightened him. 彼得一直以为地球是扁平的,直到我给他讲清楚(地球是圆的)。

【链接】enlightenment n.启蒙,开导:the way to enlightenment得到启示的方法

illuminate /ɪˈlɔ:mɪneɪt/

vt.①阐明,启发②照明,照亮

【搭配】illuminate a subject with samples用事例阐明主题;give us an illuminating lecture给我们做有启发性的演讲

【例句】A sudden smile illuminated her face.突然的微笑使她容光焕发。

discipline /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/

vt.①训练(导)②惩罚,处罚n.①[U]纪律②[C,U]训练,训导③[U]惩罚,处分④[C]学科

【搭配】discipline the new soldiers训练新兵;military discipline军规;keep good discipline in class保持良好的课堂纪律;dislike being disci-plined不喜欢被管束

【例句】The New Zealand Life Sci-ences Network has asked her university to discipline her.新西兰生命科学网已经要求她所在的大学给予她处罚。

【链接】disciplinary a.①有关训练的,有关纪律的:disciplinary mea-sures纪律上的措施②有关惩处的;disciplined a.受过训练的,遵守纪律的

coach /kəʊtʃ/

vt.训练,指导,辅导n.[C]教练,指导

【搭配】coach sb in English给某人辅导英语;coach me to swim教我游泳

【例句】I coach people for English exams.我为准备英语考试的人辅导。

civilise/-ize /ˈsɪvəl-aɪz/

vt.使文明,使开化

【搭配】civilised way of life文明的生活方式;be intended to civilise people目的在于教化民众

【例句】The Romans hoped to civilise all tribes of ancient Europe.罗马人曾希望教化古代欧洲的各个部族。

【链接】civilisation n.文明,文化;civic a.①集镇的,城市的,市的:a civic function城市的庆典②公民的,市民的

同义辨析

instruct用instruct a class in...表示“教一个班级(某个科目)”;illuminate表示在精神心智上给予启迪,如illuminate a subject with samples;coach指单个或以小组为单位进行教授,是一种补习教育。