Lesson 25

单词学习

名师点睛

harmony /ˈha:mənɪ/

n.[U]和谐，融洽，一致

【搭配】work in perfect harmony合作十分融洽；harmony between diffe­rent colours不同色彩相协调；out of harmony with surroundings与环境不协调

【短语】in harmony（with）（sb）（与某人）和睦相处

【例句】It is generally recognised that understanding can bring harmony to the world.人们普遍认识到，理解能为世界带来和谐。

【链接】disharmony n.不协调，不一致；harmonious a.和谐的，协调的

unity /ˈju:nɪtɪ/

n.[U]①和睦，协调②团结，联合，统一

【搭配】live in/at unity和睦相处；lack/spoil the unity缺少/破坏团结；achieve national unity完成国家统一

【例句】Our strength is in our unity of purpose.我们的优势就在于我们的目标一致。

coincidence /kəˈɪnsɪdəns/

n.①[U]（意见、爱好等的）一致，符合②[C，U]巧合，巧事

【搭配】coincidence of opinions意见一致；by sheer/curious coincidence 纯粹是巧合；coincidence between his opinions and your own他与你的意见的一致之处

【例句】It is no coincidence that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the in uence of alco­hol.大量暴力犯罪活动都是在酒精作用下施行的，这绝非巧合。

correspondence /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndəns/

n.[sing.，U]①符合，一致②通信（联系）③信件

【搭配】the correspondence of his deeds with his words他言行一致；hold/keep up correspondence with sb 与某人保持通信联系；drop（a）cor­respondence停止通信往来

【例句】Your account of the accident has little correspondence with the story the other driver told.你描述的事故情况与另一位司机讲的不怎么相符。

compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/

n.[C，U]妥协，折中的办法

【搭配】come to/strike a compromise 达成妥协；a compromise with sb与某人妥协；without compromise of one’s dignity无损尊严；come to a compromise采取折中的办法

【例句】A bad compromise is better than a fair lawsuit.吃亏的和解胜于打赢的官司。

concession /kənˈseʃən/

n.①[C]让步，妥协②[C]特许权③[U]承认，认可

【搭配】make a great concession to sb 对某人作出很大的让步；a mining concession特许采矿权；a conces­sion to sell food出售食品的特许权

【例句】Even here in the United States，we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors.即使在美国国内，我们也很少顾及外国来访者的需要。

accord /əˈkɔ:d/

n.①[C，U]一致，符合②[C]（尤指国与国之间的）谅解，协议

【短语】in accord with与……一致，依照，根据；with one accord一致地，一致同意地；of one’s own ac­cord出于自愿，主动地

【例句】His words are in complete ac­cord with his thoughts.他说的话与他的思想完全一致。

accordance /əˈkɔ:dəns/

n.[U]一致，和谐，符合

【搭配】play the game in accordance with the rules按照规则进行比赛

【短语】in accordance with（the terms） 依照（条款），与……一致，根据

【例句】The tenant must be prepared to decorate the house in accordance with the terms of the contract.房客必须按照合同条款对房子进行装修。

balance /ˈbæləns/

n.①[U]平衡②[C]秤③[C]结存vt. ①使平衡②称③权衡

【搭配】disturb the balance in nature 打破自然界的平衡；balance the income and expenditure使收支相抵；a well-balanced diet均衡的饮食；sense something seriously out of balance感到很不对劲

【短语】off balance不平衡；in the balance（生命等）在危急状态中，（命运等）未定

【例句】To maintain a given body weight，your energy input must ba­lance your energy output.为了保持一定的体重，一个人的能量摄入与消耗必须保持平衡。

consensus /kənˈsensəs/

n.[sing.，U]（意见等）一致，一致同意

【搭配】a national consensus全国一致的意见；reach a consensus on the issue就这一问题达成一致

【例句】The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict en­hanced fnancial indicators.主管们认为能够增加财政指数的是共识而非分歧。

solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærɪtɪ/

n.[U]团结一致

【搭配】international solidarity国际联合；deepen solidarity of unionists 加深工会会员的团结

【例句】The union leaders appealed for workers’solidarity.工会领导呼吁工人们要团结一致。

同义辨析

harmony表不同成分（如colours）合成的整体是协调、一致的；concession通常作为一种恩惠或者迁就而勉强做出的变化，可用于make a concession to sb结构；accord强调人们在观点、意愿或行为等的协调一致，重点记住该词条中的短语；solidarity指一群人（如unionists/workers）联合成一个整体，各部分的利益和愿望等都与整体一致。

名师点睛

contract n./ˈkɒntrækt/

vt./kənˈtrækt/

n.[C]合同，契约vt.订（约）

【搭配】in breach of contract违约；sign/break a contract签订/违背合同；bind oneself by contract受合同约束；contract a trade agreement/marriage 缔结贸易协议/订婚

【例句】The Polytechnic is offering a two-year contract which could be renewed.理工学院提供两年的合同，而且可以再续签。

engagement /ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt/

n.[C]①婚约，订婚②约会

【搭配】announce an engagement to sb宣布与某人订婚；break off/cancel one’s engagement破坏/取消婚约；have an engagement with sb和某人有约会

【例句】An honest man will never break his engagement.诚实的人决不会失约。

compact n./ˈkɒmpækt/ v.&a./kəmˈpækt/

n.[C]契约，合同vt.压紧，压实a. ①紧凑的②紧密的

【搭配】（snow）be compacted into ice （雪）凝结成了冰；compact clusters of flowers紧密的花束

【例句】The two nations made a com­pact to control drug traffc.两国达成了控制毒品交易的协议。

lease /li:s/

n.[C]租约，租契vt.①出租②租得，租有

【搭配】take the house on lease租用房子；put out to lease出租；lease the farm to sb把农场租给某人

【例句】The lease on this apartment expires in a year’s time.这套公寓的出租合同明年到期。

treaty /ˈtri:tɪ/

n.[C]条约，协定

【搭配】make a peace treaty订立和平条约；withdraw from treaty退出条约；enter into a treaty with China与中国缔结条约

【例句】We sold the house by private treaty.我们通过私人协商出售了这所房子。

charter /ˈtʃa:tə/

n.①[C]宪章②[C]特许状，许可证③[U]（飞机、汽车等的）包租 vt.包，租（飞机、汽车等）a.包租的

【搭配】the Great Charter《大宪章》；charter flights for the trip包机旅游；be embodied in the UN Charter体现在《联合国宪章》里

【例句】Those planes are available for charter.那些飞机可供包租。

deed /di:d/

n.[C]①契约，证书②行为，事迹

【搭配】draw up the deed草拟契约；have the deed to the house有房子的契据

【例句】Though we often hear about air crashes and serious causal deeds， flying is one of the safest ways to travel.虽然我们经常听说飞机失事和重大突发事件，但坐飞机仍是最安全的旅行方式之一。

pæt /pækt/

n.[C]契约，协定，条约

【搭配】sign/make a pact with a com­pany与公司签约；a pact to restrict salary increases限制工资增长的协定

【例句】This led to a non-aggression pact between the two countries.这让两国签订了互不侵犯的协定。

同义辨析

engagement表示双方同意订婚，却没有正式签署婚约，常与announce/break off/cancel等搭配；compact指“契约”，它建立在当事人各方互相信任、互相尊重的基础上；treaty意为“条约”，通常是通过外交谈判而达成，并符合国际法，如make/withdraw from treaty。

名师点睛

disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈgri:ment/

n.①[C，U]意见不同，争论②[U]（陈述、报告等的）不一致，不符

【搭配】a small disagreement小的分歧；have a few disagreements发生一些争执；apparent disagreement between...……之间明显不一致

【例句】The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously jeopardise relations between the two countries. 贸易管制方面存在的意见分歧将对两国的关系造成严重的危害。

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

n.①[C，U]差别，不同②[U]区分③[U]优秀④[C]荣誉

【搭配】clarify/remove the distinction 阐明/消除差别；have great distinc­tion of manner举止非凡

【例句】The example of Rembrandt’s painting suggests that a distinction should be made between effort and ac­complishment.伦勃朗画作的例子表明应对努力和成就有所区分。

discrepancy /dɪˈskrepənsɪ/

n.[C，U]不符合（之处），不一致（之处）

【搭配】considerable discrepancies很多不符之处；explain these discre­pancies阐明这些差异

【例句】There was a discrepancy in the two reports of the accident.关于那起事故的两份报道有矛盾之处。

clash /klæʃ/

vi.①发生冲突②不协调③砰地相撞n.[C]①冲突②不协调③[sing.]（金属等）刺耳的撞击声

【搭配】clash on the new tax bill在新税法上意见相左；clash against the tree撞到树上

【例句】The demonstration ended in a violent clash with the police.游行示威以与警方的激烈冲突而告终。

combat /ˈkɒmbæt/

v.（与……）斗争，（与……）战斗 n.[C，U]斗争，战斗

【搭配】combat for freedom/liberation 为自由/解放而斗争；combat with one’s bad habits与坏习惯做斗争；a combat with diffculties与困难搏斗

【例句】The combat between good and evil will continue forever.善与恶的斗争将永远继续下去。

con ict vi./kənˈflɪkt/ n./ˈkɒnflɪkt/

vi.冲突，抵触n.[C，U]①冲突，抵触，争论②战斗，战争

【搭配】con ict with one’s duty与职责相抵触；limit/settle local conflicts 限制/解决地区冲突；stir up/arouse the conflict激起冲突；in conflict with the provision与规定冲突

【例句】So much previous suffering and social con ict stemmed from po­verty.太多先前发生的苦难和社会冲突来源于贫穷。

collision /kəˈlɪʒən/

n.[C，U]①冲突，抵触②碰撞

【搭配】a collision of interests利益冲突；be killed in collisions with other watercraft在与别的船只的撞击中丧生；come into collision with an oil-tanker与油轮相撞

【例句】A truck driver lost his life in a collision.一名货车司机在碰撞中丧生。

contradiction /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃən/

n.[U]①矛盾，不一致②否认，反驳

【搭配】give rise to the contradiction 引起矛盾；eliminate the contradiction 消除矛盾；receive the following con­tradiction遭到如下反驳

【例句】Your statements today are in contradiction with what you said yes­terday.你今天说的与你昨天说的有矛盾。

friction /ˈfrɪkʃən/

n.①[C，U]不和，抵触②[U]摩擦（力）

【搭配】family friction家庭纠纷；the constant friction经常的冲突；re­duce friction as much as possible尽可能减少摩擦

【例句】The political friction between the two countries finally came to an end.两国间政治上的摩擦终于结束了。

warfare /ˈwɔ:feə/

n.[U]①斗争，冲突②战争（状态）

【搭配】ban chemical warfare禁止化学战；declare warfare on Iraq向伊拉克宣战；wage warfare with natural calamities与自然灾害作斗争

【例句】Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s.现在也没有任何20世纪90年代所预测的两代人之间战争的迹象。

同义辨析

distinction强调细微的差别或差异，常和clarify/remove/make搭配；clash指力量均衡的双方之间的冲突；combat规模小于战役，也指格斗；collision指移动物体的猛烈相撞，往往造成损失和破坏，come into collision with sth/sb表示与某某人相撞；friction表示个人或团体（如family）之间不和，其特点是经常发生冲突。

名师点睛

debate /dɪˈbeɪt/

v.辩论，争论

【搭配】debate the education laws就教育法进行辩论；debate about/upon an issue就一个问题进行辩论

【例句】We debated on the question till late into the night.我们就这个问题辩论到深夜。

dispute /dɪˈspju:t/

vi.争论，争吵vt.就……发生争论，对……表示异议

【搭配】dispute about trivial things为琐事争论；dispute a statement/deci­sion就声明/决定发生争论；dispute the minister’s figures怀疑部长提供的数据

【例句】Harrison disputed listing Ara­bic in the top three languges.哈里森反对把阿拉伯语列入前三种语言。

【链接】disputable a.可能引起辩论的，有问题的

refute /rɪˈfju:t/

vt.驳斥，驳倒

【搭配】be refuted down to the last point被驳得体无完肤；refute an op­ponent驳倒对手

【例句】The argument cannot be re­futed at the moment.现在还无法驳斥这一论点。

retort /rɪˈtɔ:t/

v.反驳，回嘴n.[C]反驳，回嘴

【搭配】retort blow for blow以牙还牙；say a few words in retort反驳几句；make an impolite retort进行无礼的顶撞

【例句】She retorted upon me，saying I was to blame.她反驳说我才该受到责备。

consult /kənˈsʌlt/

vt.①请教，找……商量②查阅，查看vi.交换意见，商议

【搭配】consult the authority/expert 请教权威/专家；consult a doctor about one’s illness向医生咨询病情；consult reference books查阅参考书

【例句】We will consult together about her education.我们将一起商议她的教育事宜。

【链接】consultant n.顾问：an in­vestment consultant投资顾问；con­sultancy n.咨询公司，顾问服务公司；consultative a.咨询的，顾问的：a consultative committee咨询委员会

confer /kənˈfɜː/

vi.商谈，商议

【搭配】confer on unexpected acci­dents讨论意外事故；confer on the way to make friends商谈交友的方法

【例句】We conferred with them on/about matters of mutual concern.我们跟他们就共同关心的问题进行了商谈。

【链接】conference n.①（正式）会议②讨论

negotiate /nɪˈgəʃɪeɪt/

vt.①洽谈，协商②顺利通过vi.协商，谈判

【搭配】negotiate with the terrorists 与恐怖分子谈判；negotiate a steep hill安全通过一个陡峭的山坡

【例句】Unlike women，men find they’re negotiating their new roles with little support or information.与女性不同的是，男性发现他们几乎不用什么帮助或者信息就能成功扮演这种新角色。

【链接】negotiable a.①可协商的，可讨论的②流通的，可兑现的

名师点睛

argument /ˈa:gjʊment/

n.①[C]争论（吵）②[C]论据，论点，理由③[U]说理

【搭配】open up a heated argument展开激烈的辩论；get/fall into an argument with sb与某人发生争论；present arguments against smoking 提出反对吸烟的理由；strong argu­ments for………的有力依据；put forward the argument提出这种观点；a lengthy argument冗长乏味的论证

【例句】Despite arguments and disa­greements，the movement has conti­nued to flourish.尽管有争论和异议，但该运动继续发展壮大。

debate /dɪˈbeɪt/

n.[C，U]辩论，争论

【搭配】take part in a ferce debate参加激烈的辩论；stop the debate about the project停止关于项目的辩论；hold debate on cease-fre关于停火的争论；ignite debates引起争论

【例句】At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key ques­tion：are immigrants good or bad for the economy？对非法移民争论的焦点存在着这样一个关键问题：移民对于经济发展来说是好还是坏？

dispute /dɪˈspju:t/

n.[C，U]争论，争端，争吵

【搭配】cut off/avoid the dispute停止/避免争端；settle/solve the terri­tory dispute解决领土争端

【短语】in dispute在争论中，处于争议中

【例句】They lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute.他们在这场争端中损失了大笔金钱和订单。

controversy /ˈkɒntrəvɜːsɪ/

n.[C，U]争论，辩论

【搭配】arouse the scientific contro­versy引起科学上的争论；in a con­troversy with sb on sth和某人就某事进行争论；without/beyond/out of controversy无可争议

【例句】Intel chairman Andy Grove has decided to cut the Gordian knot of controversy surrounding stem cell re­search by simply writing a cheque.英特尔公司董事长安迪·格罗夫决定开张支票了事，快刀斩乱麻般解决有关干细胞研究的争议。

row /rəʊ/

n.[C]争吵，吵闹vi.争吵，吵闹

【搭配】stop making a row停止争吵；row（with the employer）over money（与雇主）就钱发生争吵

【例句】Helen rowed with her boy­friend about a mere trifle.海伦为一点小事与男友争吵。

contention /kənˈtenʃən/

n.①[U]争论，争辩②[C]论点

【搭配】admit without contention不加争辩地承认；my contention to this question我对这一问题的论点

【例句】The pay increase is the key point of contention.加薪是争论的焦点。

proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

n.[C]①论点，主张②建议，提案③命题

【搭配】a clear proposition清晰明了的陈述；support sb’s proposition支持某人的建议；a proposition in geo­metry几何学上的命题

【例句】The students discussed the proposition that man is basically good. 学生们讨论了这个论点——人性本善。

同义辨析

argument强调的是各方在争论中故意说服对方，常与open up/fall into/present构成搭配；controversy尤其用来指大批人在观点上的分歧，如scientifc controversy。

名师点睛

contact /ˈkɒntækt/

vt.与……取得联系n.①[U]联系②[C]熟人，社会关系③[C]（电路的）触点，接头

【搭配】contact the police immediately 立即与警方联系；contact a commer­cial organ producer与器官生产商联系；establish contact with the outer world建立与外界的联系；maintain a close contact with sb和某人保持密切联系；come into contact with a formal instruction接受正规的教育

【例句】Once he received his degree， Knight travelled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company，a manu­facturer of athletic shoes.在完成学位之后，奈特便去了日本联系运动鞋生产商鬼冢虎公司。

communicate /kəˈmju:nɪkeɪt/

vi.①交际，通讯②相通vt.传达，传播

【搭配】communicate with sb about sth与某人交流某事；（that door） communicate（s）with the other room（那扇门）与另一个房间相通；com­municate that information to their peers把那样的信息传达给他们的同龄人

【例句】Wow，that’s a powerful lesson on how important it can be to accu­rately communicate to each other.哇！这是个很棒的课程，讲的是人与人之间的准确沟通是多么重要。

【链接】communication n.①交流，通讯②交通联系：a communication barrier交流障碍；telecommunica­tions n.电信，远程通讯：mobile telecommunications移动通信

intercourse /ˈɪntəkɔ:s/

n.[U]①交流，交往，交际②性交

【搭配】commercial/trade intercourse 商业往来；diplomatic/social inter­course外交往来/社交；hold friendly intercourse with sb和某人友好往来

【例句】English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other languages today.现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。

interview /ˈɪntəvju:/

vt.①面试②会见，采访n.①[C]接见，会见②[C，U]面谈，面试

【搭配】be interviewed for a job为找工作而面试；beg for an interview with sb请求会见某人；give/grant an interview to sb接见某人

【例句】They interviewed 153 chil­dren aged between 9 and 11 from schools in northwest England.他们采访了英格兰西北部的153个年龄在9至11岁之间的儿童。

correspond /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd/

vi.通信

【搭配】correspond regularly定期通信

【例句】I have corresponded with a foreign friend and we write to each other once a month.我和一位外国朋友通信，我们彼此每月写一封信。

【链接】correspondent n.记者

dial /ˈdaɪəl/

vt.打电话给n.[C]钟（或表）面，拨号盘

【搭配】dial home/London往家/伦敦打电话；dial plate拨号盘，标度盘

【例句】With these customer lists in hand，Member Works started dialing for dollars—selling dental plans， videogames，computer software and other products and services.手里有了这些消费者清单，曼伯沃克斯公司开始打电话来赚钱——兜售牙齿保健方案、电子游戏、计算机软件以及其他产品和服务。

同义辨析

contact指以讯息、电话或直接会面和别人（如police/the outer world）取得联系；communicate指被传达的事物到达对方的头脑中，强调动作的结果，常用于com­municate with sb about sth的结构；intercourse指人或国家间的感情和行为（如com­mercial/diplomatic）的交流，以此增进彼此了解。