Lesson 24


单词学习

名师点睛
revise /rɪˈvaɪz/
vt.①修订,修改②复习
【搭配】revise the manuscript修改手稿;a revised edition修订版;revise one’s notes/lessons复习笔记/功课
【例句】Our original forecast of this year’s profits has now been revised upwards.现在我们已经对本年度利润的原始估计作了上调修正。
rectify /ˈrektɪfaɪ/
vt.纠正,修复
【搭配】rectify the mistakes/errors/faults纠正错误;rectify the abuses 改正恶习;rectify the situation使情况好转
【例句】One fears of being ignorant of his faults,yet if aware of them and unable to rectify,one is in want of courage.人患不知其过,既知之而不能改,是无勇也。
amend /əˈmend/
vt.修改,修订;改进n.[pl.]赔罪,赔偿
【搭配】amend one’s way of living改变某人的生活方式;make amends to sb for an injury赔偿某人所受的伤害;in the amended form修订后的表单
【例句】The motion to amend the club’s constitution had been defeated by 20 votes to 15.修改俱乐部章程的提议以20票对15票被否决了。
restore /rɪˈstɔ:/
vt.①修复,整修②恢复,使恢复③归还,交还
【搭配】restore a building修复一座建筑物;restore the trade relationship恢复贸易关系;restore one’s sight/health恢复视力/健康;be restored to its owner归还失主
【例句】The painting was damaged in the flood and had to be painstakingly restored.这张油画在洪水中被损坏了,得费很大力气来修复。
【链接】restoration n.①整修,修复②恢复(制度)③复位,归还④[sing.](the R~)王政复辟时期:the restoration of democracy/the monarchy 民主政治/君主政体的恢复
modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/
vt.修改,更改
【搭配】modify the terms of a contract 修正合同条款;modify the design/plan修改设计/计划;modify the whole structure of English society改变整个英国社会结构;modify the negative attitudes改变消极态度
【例句】Other researchers had previously modifed the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste.其他的研究者之前已经通过改变这种细菌的基因的方式从有机废物中生产出酒精。
adapt /əˈdæpt/
vt.修改,改编
【搭配】adapt the building for the need改造房屋以满足需要;adapt the machines for convenience为使用方便而改造机器
【例句】The film that mirrors the French Revolution,A Tale of Two Cit-ies,was adapted from the novel by Charles Dickens.反映法国革命的电影《双城记》是根据查尔斯·狄更斯的同名小说改编而成的。
【链接】adaptation n.①改编②适应
同义辨析
revise指通览一遍,找出错误并改正,常接文章(edition)、手稿(manuscript)以及理论;amend指通过改动(如constitution/way of living等)使得到提高,变得更好;modify主要指对计划(plan)、设计(design)、制度及条款(terms)等作较小的修改等;restore常指对建筑物的整修。


名师点睛
repair /rɪˈpeə/
vt.①修理,修补②弥补n.[C,U]修理
【搭配】repair a road修路;repair damage/evil弥补损失/罪过;the repairs to the nervous system神经系统的修复
【例句】Anthony Atala believes failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body.安东尼·阿塔拉认为,通过给身体里注射细胞的办法能够使功能衰竭的器官得以修复。
patch /pætʃ/
vt.补,修补n.[C]①补片,补丁②斑③一小块地
【搭配】patch the roof/quilt修补房顶/被子;a patch of thin ice一片薄冰
【短语】patch up(an argument/trouble) ①解决(争吵、麻烦)②修补,草草修理
【例句】We decided to patch up our differences and become friends again. 我们决定消除分歧,重归于好。
mend /mend/
vt.修理,修补vi.恢复健康,痊愈
【搭配】mend clothes/roads/shoes缝补衣服/修路/修鞋;mend one’s manners改变某人的作风
【短语】mend one’s ways改过,改正错误
【例句】In the end things will mend. 船到桥头自然直。
同义辨析
repair一般指修理大件、结构复杂之物(如bike/car/road),也可表示弥补过失(如damage/evil/mistake);patch表示补(如roof/quilt)未破但已经不结实了的地方,看得出痕迹;mend可以用来表示对打破、撕破、穿破的物(如shoes)或衣服(clothes)进行修理或修补。


名师点睛
refine /rɪˈfaɪn/
vt.①精炼,精制,提纯②使优美,使完善
【搭配】refne petrol from crude oil从原油中提炼汽油;refine one’s manners使举止高雅;the typical refned woman典型的优雅女人
【例句】Reading good books helps to refne our speech.读好书有助于使我们的言谈更简练精妙。
【链接】refinery n.提炼厂:a sugar refnery制糖厂
filter /ˈfɪltə/
vt.过滤vi.(消息等)走漏n.[C]滤器,过滤器
【搭配】flter out the dirt把脏物滤出;(light)flter(s)through the curtain(光线)透过窗帘
【例句】You need to flter the drinking water.你需要把饮用水过滤。
distill /dɪˈstɪl/
vt.①提炼,吸取②蒸馏,用蒸馏法提取
【搭配】distill the crucial points of the book提炼书中关键的几点;distilled water蒸馏水
【例句】Salt water can be distilled and made into drinking water.咸水可被蒸馏制成饮用水。
abstract vt./əbˈstrækt/
n./ˈæbStrækt/
vt.①提取,抽取②摘录,概括③转移(注意等)n.[C]①摘要,概要②抽象
【搭配】abstract medicine from sth从某物中提取药物;abstract sb’s atten-tion from his work使某人工作分心
【短语】in the abstract抽象地,在理论上
【例句】In the end he abstracted the most important points from his long speech.最后他从自己的长篇演说中总结出最重要的几点。
sieve/sɪv/
vt.筛,滤n.[C]筛子,漏勺
【搭配】draw water with a sieve白费气力;have a head/memory like a sieve健忘
【例句】You’ll need to sieve out the stones from the soil.你要把石块从土中筛出。
同义辨析
refne强调提纯,如refne petrol from crude oil(从原油中提炼汽油);flter指液体或气体穿过某些渗透性物质,如纸、布(curtain)等;sieve指用细网眼筛具进行筛选(如stone等)。


名师点睛
compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/
vi.妥协vt.危及;放弃(原则、理想等)
【搭配】would rather die than compromise宁死不妥协;compromise on fundamentals在原则问题上妥协;compromise one’s principles放弃原则
【例句】Don’t you know that spitting everywhere would compromise your image?难道你不知道随地吐痰有损形象吗?
reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/
vt.①使和解,使协调②(to)使顺从(于)
【搭配】reconcile the differences调解分歧;reconcile oneself to his fate 认命
【例句】I found it diffcult to reconcile my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.我觉得很难将自己的事业抱负和抚养孩子的需求统一起来。
mediate /ˈmi:dɪeɪt/
vt.①经调解解决②经斡旋促成vi.(in/between)调解,斡旋
【搭配】mediate a cease-fire促成停火;mediate a labour-management dispute调停劳资争端
【例句】The President attempted to mediate between the powers to end the war,but neither side was prepared to give in.总统试图在两大国之间斡旋以停止战争,但双方都不打算让步。
【链接】mediation n.仲裁,调停,调解;mediator n.调停者,斡旋者
同义辨析
reconcile暗示一种适应性改变,并非没有担忧和不满情绪,常跟difference/ambition等名词搭配;mediate指在对立方之间调和以达成和平妥协,后常接cease-fire/dispute。


名师点睛
accord /əˈkɔ:d/
vi.(with)相符合,相一致,相和谐
【搭配】accord with their wishes符合他们的愿望;accord with what the report states与报告所述一致
【例句】His actions accord with his
words.他言行一致。
coincide /ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/
vi.①相符,相一致②同时发生③重叠
【搭配】coincide in opinion意见一致;(stories)coincide with the facts(故事)与事实相符;(the fire) coincide(s)with the earthquake(火灾)与地震同时发生
【例句】His tastes and habits coincide with those of his wife.他的品位和习惯与他妻子的恰巧一样。
correspond /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒnd/
vi.①(with)相符合,成一致②(to) 相当,相类似
【搭配】correspond with the original 与原件相符;correspond to the samples与样品相似
【例句】I assure you my actions will correspond with my words.我向你保证,我说到做到。
square /skweə/
v.①(使)相符,(使)一致②打成平局
【搭配】square a game比赛打成平局
【短语】square off①把……做成方形②(打斗等时)摆好(架势);square up付账,结清
【例句】His actions do not square with his principles.他的行为与其原则不一致。
同义辨析
accord指在精神、气质或观点等方面完全适合另一事物,如accord with sb’s wishes/opinion;coincide指完全一致,甚至可达到重合;square指与另一事物间达到准确的一致,如square with one’s principles(与某人的原则相符)。


名师点睛
alike /əˈlaɪk/
a.相像的ad.①相似地②同样程度地
【搭配】be alike to sb与某人相似;treat all customers alike对所有顾客一视同仁;be alike in appearance/shape/nature外形/身材/本质相似
【例句】This is a fact of Europe’s neweconomic landscape,embraced by sociologists,real-estate developers and ad executives alike.这是欧洲新经济现象中的一个事实,被社会学家、房地产开发商和广告业高管们欣然接受。
similar /ˈsɪmələ/
a.相似的,类似的
【搭配】in a similar way以相似的方式;be similar to your book in colour与你的书颜色相似
【例句】Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education.每组由120位有着相似年龄和教育水平的成年人构成。
【链接】similarly ad.相似地,类似地;similarity n.类似(处);analogy n.比拟,类比
uniform /ˈju:nɪfɔ:m/
a.全都相同的,一律的,清一色的n.[C,U]制服
【搭配】of uniform colour/size颜色/大小一样的;wear a school uniform 穿着校服
【例句】They seemed priesthood,rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing.他们看起来像神职人员,尽管道行参差不齐,但举止非常统一。
【链接】uniformly ad.一律地,不变地
identical /aɪˈdentɪkəl/
a.①(to/with)相同的,相等的②同一的
【搭配】be identical in meaning意义相同;be identical with sb’s opinion 与某人的观点相同;give identical answers给出同样的答案
【例句】The new houses,typically in the suburbs,were often small and more or less identical.新房屋,尤其是那些在市郊的,都很小并且大同小异。
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
a.相等的;等价的n.[C]相等物,等价物
【搭配】be equivalent to refusal相当于拒绝;be equivalent to giving him the sack等于是解雇他;change pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars把英镑换成等值的美元
【例句】Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity,or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day.全世界20%的电力消耗在照明上,或者说照明消耗的能源相当于每天燃烧大约60万吨煤。
comparable /ˈkɒmpərəbəl/
a.(with/to)①可比较的,类似的②比得上的
【搭配】be comparable with your house可与你的房子相比;a comparable car类似的车
【例句】The music of Irving Berlin is scarcely comparable to that of Beethoven.欧文·伯林的音乐很难与贝多芬的媲美。
【链接】compare v.比较
corresponding /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndɪŋ/
a.①相应的,相当的②符合的,一致的
【搭配】corresponding responsibilities 相应的义务;lead to a corresponding rise in output导致产量相应增加
【例句】Increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.医疗服务的日益分化只会导致医疗费用的相应升高和医疗错误的相应增加。
homogeneous /ˌhəməˈdʒi:nɪəs/
a.同种类的,同性质的
【搭配】homogeneous alloy均质合金;a homogeneous society同族社会
【例句】Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of homogeneous grouping is advisable.有些教育学家试图把能力相仿的学生安排到同一个班,因为他们认为这种同类相聚分班的方法是可取的。
【链接】homogeneously ad.同类地,相似地,均一地
parallel /ˈpærəlel/
a.①平行的②并列的n.①[C,U]可相比拟的事物②[C]平行线(面)③[C]纬线vt.与……相似
【搭配】a parallel instance/case类似的例子/案件;run parallel to/with sth 与某物平行运行;in parallel with sth/sb与……平行,与……同时
【例句】You do not have to go far to fnd a living parallel for these prehistoric organisms.你不必多做就可以找到与这些史前有机体相类似的活体生物。
resemble /rɪˈzembəl/
vt.像,类似于
【搭配】strongly resemble one’s mother长得非常像母亲;resemble each other in character彼此性格相似
【例句】All happy families resemble one another,each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.幸福的家庭都是相似的,但不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。
同义辨析
alike指两个事物在外貌(appearance/shape)、性质、特征等方面相似,常作表语;uniform指在形态(如appearance/colour)、性质或数量方面都不发生变化的;identical强调完全相同,一模一样,用于beidenticalto/with结构;parallel强调在一段历史过程或相一致的事实下的相似的事物(如instance/case)。